首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
构建了当污染防治支出为资本性支出时,环保意识提升促进经济环境双赢发展的内生增长模型.研究发现,在由实物资本部门和人力资本部门构成的两部门模型中,如果将整个社会的实物资本分为污染防治资本和生产资本,可以得到环境质量提升与经济增长兼得的结果,而且环保意识的提升有助于实现经济发展与环境质量改善的双赢局面.其次,经济增长率的提升与污染防治资本和生产资本的多寡无关,而与两种资本的相对效率大小有关.如何降低生产过程中的污染排放以及提高污染防治资本的效能,应是政策关注的焦点.  相似文献   

2.
胡方 《经济数学》2020,37(1):1-8
以马克思的社会资本再生产理论和国际价值理论为基础,通过阐述社会资本再生产过程中两部门的经济增长与基于国际不等价交换、国际价值与国别价值的比较而形成的国际贸易利益的关系,对国际贸易与经济增长问题进行了简要分析.在国际贸易过程中,基于国际不等价交换的贸易利益或损失会导致各国相关部门的经济增长发生变化,从国际不等价交换中获得较多国际贸易利润的国家及其相关部门,其经济增长率较高;反之,从国际不等价交换中遭受国际贸易利益损害的国家及其相关部门,其经济增长率下降.  相似文献   

3.
逆向物流闭环双层优化模型及算法   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目前,资源短缺使得许多企业的生产成本不断增加,一些生产商为了降低成本,开始开展回收再生产.这种回收再生产,不但可以减少生产成本,还可以节约社会资源、减少废弃产品对环境的破坏等.但是,回收废旧产品同样需要成本,有些产品在回收过程中的成本远大于利用原材料来生产的产品的成本. 因此,并不是所有的企业都愿意开展回收工作.在本文将就这一问题,通过建立以政府为上层,企业为下层的双层优化模型,并通过求解该模型给出了政府如何对回收成本不同的企业制定不同的奖、罚政策,才能既使各企业既能主动开展回收再生产,又能自觉将其在生产中对环境等的不良影响降至最低,使企业在满足国家可持续发展的要求下达到最优.  相似文献   

4.
基于劳动力天然再生成与有限存储的假设,采用经济优化方法,将工作过程中的疲劳积累与以劳动力储蓄池的再生产为目的的休息活动对生产所造成的负面影响折合为劳动成本,分别构建等分模型和拓展模型研究确定时域和不确定时域两种情形下的最佳工作时间,并基于上述模型对工作时间的影响因素进行灵敏度分析。结果表明:劳动强度系数和疲劳成本系数与最佳工作时间负相关,敏感性相等且为最高;休息成本系数与最佳工作时间正相关,敏感性次之;必要休息时间对工作周期决策的影响则取决于各项成本系数的构成比例,且敏感性为最弱。本研究丰富了劳动科学理论体系,成果可指导工作制度的改进,对于缓解当前产业工人中普遍存在的过劳问题具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
潘启雯 《珠算》2008,(5):94-95
通过生产和再生产使那些即使很有价值的物质资源变得像自来水一样丰富廉价,就是世界企业史上著名的“自来水哲学”。  相似文献   

6.
本文在一般化两部门生产函数模型基础上,运用门限理论,建立了两部门生产函数门限模型。该模型在存在门限效应时,更能够表达生产要素对产出的非线性机制的内涵。在以两部门生产函数门限模型的能源消费与经济增长关系为例的实证分析中发现,我国能源消费与经济增长之间存在显著的门限效应,1988年前能源消费对经济增长关系不显著,在1988年后其关系才显著,且对非能源部门存在显著的外溢作用。  相似文献   

7.
本文研究土地资源投入产出模型,内容包括三部分:1.提出土地资源投入产出模型的基本思想和表达式,以矩阵形式建立各生产部门产品的生产与使用平衡关系式,以及土地资源的使用方程组;2.研究在包含土地改造部门情况下的完全消耗系数和完全占用系数的计算公式;3.进行土地资源变动的数量分析。  相似文献   

8.
国有企业再生产-资本运营投资多阶段决策模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在市场经济环境下,国有企业通过扩大再生产和资本运营的投资行为追求利润最大化,本文研究其同时对再生与资本运营的投资决策问题,建立以获得经济利润最大化为目的的再生产资本运营投资多阶段决策模型,并讨论该模型的经济意义,通过模拟数据进行实证分析  相似文献   

9.
以辽宁省大连市农村地区为研究样本,通过构建农村人口结构变化对经济增长影响的"动态效应"模型和"静态效应"模型,分析了农村人口结构变化对农村经济增长的影响.研究结果表明,人力资本是农村经济增长的重要源泉,在既定的农村劳动力从业人口中,男性劳动力人口数量的适度增加能够在一定程度上提高农村经济的增长水平;农村转移劳动力的就业方向对农村经济增长有重要影响;农村储蓄率的增加对于农村经济增长和一系列公共服务的提供具有显著影响效应.  相似文献   

10.
投入产出表的间断性和时滞性使得投入产出分析的应用受到一定的限制,供给使用表作为投入产出体系的基础数据,与投入产出表相比具有数据易获得、时滞期较短的优点;且供给使用表同时包含了产业和产品两个维度的信息,基于供给使用表的模型可以反映出产业部门和产品部门的生产异质性,即同一产业部门生产不同产品和同一产品被不同产业生产时遵循不同的生产投入结构、生产能耗等,而这是对称性投入产出表所不能反映的.文章在两阶段SUBE模型的基础上构建了RAS-SUBE模型,简化了求解过程并满足了行业部门的约束.通过对中国产出乘数进行实证分析可得RAS-SUBE模型与经典的两阶段SUBE模型、投入产出模型得到的结果基本一致,说明RAS-SUBE模型可用于经济分析;同时,通过对生产的能耗进行分析得出产业和产品的生产具有能耗异质性,该能耗异质性与产品和产业的混部门生产程度有关.  相似文献   

11.
Shortening project duration is critical to product development project success in many industries. As a primary driver of progress and an effective management tool, resource allocation among development activities can strongly influence project duration. Effective allocation is difficult due to the inherent closed loop flow of development work and the dynamic demand patterns of work backlogs. The Resource Allocation Policy Matrix is proposed as a means of describing resource allocation policies in dynamic systems. Simple system dynamics and control theoretic models of resource allocation in a product development context are developed. The control theory model is used to specify a foresighted policy, which is tested with the system dynamics model. The benefits of foresight are found to reduce with increasing complexity. Process concurrence is found to potentially reverse the impact of foresight on project duration. The model structure is used to explain these results and future research topics are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
A dynamic programming approach is proposed to select optimally among a given set of products and allocate integer shelf-space units to the selected products in supermarkets. The approach is designed to consider general objective-function specifications that account for space elasticity, costs of sales, and potential demand-related marketing variables. The optimization is subject to constraints due to product supply availability, 'block' product allocation and operational requirements. A primary focus is on the development of a tractable model approach that can effectively be implemented on a microcomputer. A discussion of applications and computational experience on a microcomputer is provided to support the practical applicability of the optimization approach.  相似文献   

13.
14.
A model and an algorithm are proposed for the simultaneous optimal selection among a given set of products of the assortment of products to be sold in a supermarket and the allocation of shelf space to these products. The model takes into account the space elasticity of the sales as well as the constraints that any chosen product must receive a minimum shelf space and that the shelf space allocated to each product must be equal to an integer number of facings.Computational results are presented, including a comparison with the results given by several rules for space allocation currently used. Some marketing implications are discussed.  相似文献   

15.
This paper studies the impact of management policies, such as product allocation and campaign sizing, on the required size of the finished goods inventories in a multi-product multi-reactor batch process. Demand, setup and batch processing times for these products are assumed to be stochastic, and the inventory buffer for every product type needs to be such that target customer service levels are met. To perform this analysis, we develop a queueing model that allows us to explicitly estimate service levels as a function of the buffer size, and the allocation/campaign sizing policies. This model can be used to evaluate the service level given an existing buffer configuration, as well as to determine the buffer sizes required across products to meet a pre-specified service level. It also allows us to formulate a number of insights into how product allocation decisions and campaign planning policies affect buffer sizing decisions in symmetric production systems.  相似文献   

16.
徐蕾艳 《运筹与管理》2020,29(10):30-39
首先,证明了凸概率密度分布簇的单周期期望均值下单损失鲁棒优化等价模型定理,以及凸概率密度分布簇的单周期期望均值下多损失鲁棒优化等价模型。然后,提出了直营连锁企业的产品在凸概率密度分布簇下的期望均值的单周期生产分配供应问题,建立了直营连锁企业的单周期生产分配供应期望均值鲁棒模型,在获得近似周期概率分布簇情形下给出了单周期生产分配供应鲁棒模型,这种近似鲁棒模型等价于一个线性规划问题。最后,通过已知一个产品的4个周期构成的混合分布簇进行了数值实验,数值结果表明了期望均值准则下的生产分配供应鲁棒模型的生产分配供应策略更加稳健。  相似文献   

17.
We describe the formulation and development of a supply-chain optimisation model for Fletcher Challenge Paper Australasia (FCPA). This model, known as Paper Industry Value Optimisation Tool (PIVOT), is a large mixed integer program that finds an optimal allocation of supplier to mill, product to paper machine, and paper machine to customer, while at the same time modelling many of the supply chain details and nuances which are peculiar to FCPA. PIVOT has assisted FCPA in solving a number of strategic and tactical decision problems, and provided significant economic benefits for the company.  相似文献   

18.
随着物联网技术的发展, 租赁公司通过智能技术可以实时监测顾客的使用行为, 因此可以根据顾客使用行为设计补贴策略以激励顾客在使用过程中保持良好的行为习惯。本文将租赁价格作为顾客行为的函数, 构建随机动态规划模型, 研究了多产品、多周期下汽车租赁公司的容量分配决策和补贴机制。考虑到所构建模型的状态变量维度较高, 因此提出两种近似算法对模型进行求解, 并通过数值仿真验证了模型的相关性质。在考虑顾客行为可以转变的前提下, 得到相关结论:租赁公司以机会成本作为容量分配决策的重要依据;当所需等级汽车缺货时, 由于低等级汽车的机会成本低于高等级汽车的机会成本, 因此满足升级条件时, 租赁公司总是按照等级顺序进行升级;在合理的补贴策略下, 公司的总收益将会随着补贴的增加而增加。  相似文献   

19.
New regulations and a stronger competition have increased the importance of stochastic asset-liability management (ALM) models for insurance companies in recent years. In this paper, we propose a discrete time ALM model for the simulation of simplified balance sheets of life insurance products. The model incorporates the most important life insurance product characteristics, the surrender of contracts, a reserve-dependent bonus declaration, a dynamic asset allocation and a two-factor stochastic capital market. All terms arising in the model can be calculated recursively which allows an easy implementation and efficient simulation. Furthermore, the model is designed to have a modular organization which permits straightforward modifications and extensions to handle specific requirements. In a sensitivity analysis for sample portfolios and parameters, we investigate the impact of the most important product and management parameters on the risk exposure of the insurance company and show that the model captures the main behaviour patterns of the balance sheet development of life insurance products.  相似文献   

20.
This paper presents an integrated fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA) and fuzzy computer simulation approach for optimization of operator allocation in multi product cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) with learning effects. Operator allocation with learning effects is a challenging issue in flexible manufacturing systems in general and in CMS in particular. The main contribution of this work is taking into consideration various operators layouts and learning effects using fuzzy simulation and fuzzy DEA. FDEA is utilized to assess simulation alternatives in various levels of uncertainty. Previous studies consider only one type of product with crisp inputs, whereas this study considers multi-products and fuzzy set up times and processing times for CMS modeling. In addition, this study considers and integrates learning effects for optimum operators’ allocation. Moreover, more robust CMS assessment indicators are used in the proposed model. A case study illustrates the practicability, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methodology.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号