Positive solutions for a class of singular quasilinear Schrödinger equations with critical Sobolev exponent

We prove the existence of positive solutions of the following singular quasilinear Schrödinger equations at critical growth

$?\mathrm{\Delta }u?\lambda c(x)u?\kappa \alpha (\mathrm{\Delta }(|u{|}^{2\alpha }))|u{|}^{2\alpha ?2}u=|u{|}^{q?2}u+|u{|}^{2^{?}?2}u,u\in D^{1,2}({\mathbb{R}}^N),$

via variational methods, where $\lambda \ge 0$, $c:{\mathbb{R}}^N\to {\mathbb{R}}^{+}$, $\kappa >0$, $0<\alpha <1/2$, $2<q<2^{?}$. It is interesting that we do not need to add a weight function to control $|u{|}^{q?2}u$.     

Existence of solutions of a non-linear eigenvalue problem with a variable weight

We study the non-linear minimization problem on $H_0^1(\mathrm{\Omega })?L^q$ with $q=\frac{2n}{n?2}$, $\alpha >0$ and $n\ge 4$:

$\underset{\begin{array}{c}\hfill u\in H_0^1(\mathrm{\Omega })\hfill \\ \hfill {6u6}_{L^q}=1\hfill \end{array}}{\inf }?\underset{\mathrm{\Omega }}{\int }a(x,u)|\mathrm{?}u{|}^2?\lambda \underset{\mathrm{\Omega }}{\int }|u{|}^2$

where $a(x,s)$ presents a global minimum α at $(x_0,0)$ with $x_0\in \mathrm{\Omega }$. In order to describe the concentration of $u(x)$ around $x_0$, one needs to calibrate the behavior of $a(x,s)$ with respect to s. The model case is

$\underset{\begin{array}{c}\hfill u\in H_0^1(\mathrm{\Omega })\hfill \\ \hfill {6u6}_{L^q}=1\hfill \end{array}}{\inf }?\underset{\mathrm{\Omega }}{\int }(\alpha +|x{|}^{\beta }|u{|}^k)|\mathrm{?}u{|}^2?\lambda \underset{\mathrm{\Omega }}{\int }|u{|}^2.$

In a previous paper dedicated to the same problem with $\lambda =0$, we showed that minimizers exist only in the range $\beta <kn/q$, which corresponds to a dominant non-linear term. On the contrary, the linear influence for $\beta \ge kn/q$ prevented their existence. The goal of this present paper is to show that for $0<\lambda \le \alpha {\lambda }_1(\mathrm{\Omega })$, $0\le k\le q?2$ and $\beta >kn/q+2$, minimizers do exist.     

Concentrating standing waves for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation in trapped dipolar quantum gases

We are concerned with the following singularly perturbed Gross–Pitaevskii equation describing Bose–Einstein condensation of trapped dipolar quantum gases:

$\{\begin{array}{cc}\hfill & ?{\epsilon }^2\mathrm{\Delta }u+V(x)u+{\lambda }_1|u{|}^{2}u+{\lambda }_2(K?|u{|}^2)u=0\text{ in }{\mathbb{R}}^3,\hfill \\ \hfill & u>0,u\in H^1({\mathbb{R}}^3),\hfill \end{array}$

where ε is a small positive parameter, ${\lambda }_1,{\lambda }_2\in \mathbb{R}$, ? denotes the convolution, $K(x)=\frac{1?3{\cos }^2?\theta }{|x{|}^3}$ and $\theta =\theta (x)$ is the angle between the dipole axis determined by $(0,0,1)$ and the vector x. Under certain assumptions on $({\lambda }_1,{\lambda }_2)\in {\mathbb{R}}^2$, we construct a family of positive solutions $u_{\epsilon }\in H^1({\mathbb{R}}^3)$ which concentrates around the local minima of V as $\epsilon \to 0$. Our main results extend the results in J. Byeon and L. Jeanjean (2007) [6], which dealt with singularly perturbed Schrödinger equations with a local nonlinearity, to the nonlocal Gross–Pitaevskii type equation.     

Uniqueness of critical points and maximum principles of the singular minimal surface equation

We consider a smooth solution $u>0$ of the singular minimal surface equation $\sqrt{1+|Du{|}^2}\text{ div}(Du/\sqrt{1+|Du{|}^2})=\alpha /u$ defined in a bounded strictly convex domain of ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ with constant boundary condition. If $\alpha <0$, we prove the existence a unique critical point of u. We also derive some $C^0$ and $C^1$ estimates of u by using the theory of maximum principles of Payne and Philippin for a certain family of Φ-functions. Finally we deduce an existence theorem of the Dirichlet problem when $\alpha <0$.     

Remarks about a generalized pseudo-relativistic Hartree equation

With appropriate hypotheses on the nonlinearity f, we prove the existence of a ground state solution u for the problem

${(?\mathrm{\Delta }+m^2)}^{\sigma }u+Vu=(W?F(u))f(u)\text{in }{\mathbb{R}}^N,$

where $0<\sigma <1$, V is a bounded continuous potential and F the primitive of f. We also show results about the regularity of any solution of this problem.     

Time-dependent global attractor for extensible Berger equation

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the nonautonomous Berger equation

$\epsilon (t)u_{tt}+{\mathrm{\Delta }}^{2}u?(Q+\underset{\mathrm{\Omega }}{\int }|\mathrm{?}u{|}^{2}dx)\mathrm{\Delta }u+g(u_t)+\phi (u)=f,t>\tau ,$

on a bounded smooth domain $\mathrm{\Omega }?{\mathbb{R}}^N$ with hinged boundary condition, where $\epsilon (t)$ is a decreasing function vanishing at infinity. Under suitable assumptions, we establish an invariant time-dependent global attractor within the theory of process on time-dependent space.     

On the global Cauchy problem for the Hartree equation with rapidly decaying initial data

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem for the Hartree equation on ${\mathbb{R}}^n,n\in \mathbb{N}$ with the nonlinearity of type $(|?{|}^{?\gamma }?|u{|}^2)u,0<\gamma <n$. It is shown that a global solution with some twisted persistence property exists for data in the space $L^p\cap L^2,1\le p\le 2$ under some suitable conditions on γ and spatial dimension $n\in \mathbb{N}$. It is also shown that the global solution u has a smoothing effect in terms of spatial integrability in the sense that the map $t?u(t)$ is well defined and continuous from $\mathbb{R}?\{0\}$ to $L^{p^{\prime }}$, which is well known for the solution to the corresponding linear Schrödinger equation. Local and global well-posedness results for hat $L^p$-spaces are also presented. The local and global results are proved by combining arguments by Carles–Mouzaoui with a new functional framework introduced by Zhou. Furthermore, it is also shown that the global results can be improved via generalized dispersive estimates in the case of one space dimension.     

On the concentration phenomenon of L2-subcritical constrained minimizers for a class of Kirchhoff equations with potentials

In this paper, we study the existence and concentration behavior of minimizers for $i_V(c)=\underset{u\in S_c}{\inf }?I_V(u)$, here $S_c=\{u\in H^1({\mathbb{R}}^N)|{\int }_{{\mathbb{R}}^N}V(x)|u{|}^2<+\infty ,|u{|}_2=c>0\}$ and

$I_V(u)=\frac{1}{2}\underset{{\mathbb{R}}^N}{\int }(a|\mathrm{?}u{|}^2+V(x)|u{|}^2)+\frac{b}{4}{(\underset{{\mathbb{R}}^N}{\int }|\mathrm{?}u{|}^2)}^2?\frac{1}{p}\underset{{\mathbb{R}}^N}{\int }|u{|}^p,$

where $N=1,2,3$ and $a,b>0$ are constants. By the Gagliardo–Nirenberg inequality, we get the sharp existence of global constraint minimizers of $i_V(c)$ for $2<p<2^{?}$ when $V(x)\ge 0$, $V(x)\in {L^{\infty }}_{loc}({\mathbb{R}}^N)$ and $\underset{|x|\to +\infty }{\lim }?V(x)=+\infty$. For the case $p\in (2,\frac{2N+8}{N})\backslash \{4\}$, we prove that the global constraint minimizers $u_c$ of $i_V(c)$ behave like

$u_c(x)\approx \frac{c}{|Q_p{|}_2}{\left(\frac{m_c}{c}\right)}^{\frac{N}{2}}{Q}_p(\frac{m_c}{c}x?z_c),$

for some $z_c\in {\mathbb{R}}^N$ when c is large, where $Q_p$ is, up to translations, the unique positive solution of $?\frac{N(p?2)}{4}\mathrm{\Delta }{Q}_p+\frac{2N?p(N?2)}{4}{Q}_p=|Q_p{|}^{p?2}{Q}_p$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^N$ and $m_c={(\frac{\sqrt{a^2{D}_1^2?4b{D}_2{i}_0(c)}+a{D}_1}{2b{D}_2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$, $D_1=\frac{Np?2N?4}{2N(p?2)}$ and $D_2=\frac{2N+8?Np}{4N(p?2)}$.     

Well posedness of nonlinear parabolic systems beyond duality

We develop a methodology for proving well-posedness in optimal regularity spaces for a wide class of nonlinear parabolic initial–boundary value systems, where the standard monotone operator theory fails. A motivational example of a problem accessible to our technique is the following system${?}_{t}u?\mathrm{div}(\nu (|\mathrm{?}u|)\mathrm{?}u)=?\mathrm{div}f$ with a given strictly positive bounded function ν, such that ${\lim }_{k\to \infty }?\nu (k)={\nu }_{\infty }$ and $f\in L^q$ with $q\in (1,\infty )$. The existence, uniqueness and regularity results for $q\ge 2$ are by now standard. However, even if a priori estimates are available, the existence in case $q\in (1,2)$ was essentially missing. We overcome the related crucial difficulty, namely the lack of a standard duality pairing, by resorting to proper weighted spaces and consequently provide existence, uniqueness and optimal regularity in the entire range $q\in (1,\infty )$.Furthermore, our paper includes several new results that may be of independent interest and serve as the starting point for further analysis of more complicated problems. They include a parabolic Lipschitz approximation method in weighted spaces with fine control of the time derivative and a theory for linear parabolic systems with right hand sides belonging to Muckenhoupt weighted $L^q$ spaces.     

Characterization of f-extremal disks

We show uniqueness for overdetermined elliptic problems defined on topological disks Ω with $C^2$ boundary, i.e., positive solutions u to $\mathrm{\Delta }u+f(u)=0$ in $\mathrm{\Omega }?(M^2,g)$ so that $u=0$ and $\frac{?u}{?\overrightarrow{\eta }}=cte$ along ?Ω, $\overrightarrow{\eta }$ the unit outward normal along ?Ω under the assumption of the existence of a candidate family. To do so, we adapt the Gálvez–Mira generalized Hopf-type Theorem [19] to the realm of overdetermined elliptic problem.When $(M^2,g)$ is the standard sphere ${\mathbb{S}}^2$ and f is a $C^1$ function so that $f(x)>0$ and $f(x)\ge x{f}^{\prime }(x)$ for any $x\in {\mathbb{R}}_{+}^{?}$, we construct such candidate family considering rotationally symmetric solutions. This proves the Berestycki–Caffarelli–Nirenberg conjecture in ${\mathbb{S}}^2$ for this choice of f. More precisely, this shows that if u is a positive solution to $\mathrm{\Delta }u+f(u)=0$ on a topological disk $\mathrm{\Omega }?{\mathbb{S}}^2$ with $C^2$ boundary so that $u=0$ and $\frac{?u}{?\overrightarrow{\eta }}=cte$ along ?Ω, then Ω must be a geodesic disk and u is rotationally symmetric. In particular, this gives a positive answer to the Schiffer conjecture D (cf. [33], [35]) for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue and classifies simply-connected harmonic domains (cf. [28], also called Serrin Problem) in ${\mathbb{S}}^2$.     

Concentration on curves for a nonlinear Schrödinger problem with electromagnetic potential

We prove the existence of solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation ${\epsilon }^2{(i\mathrm{?}+\mathit{A})}^{2}u+V(y)u?|u{|}^{p?1}u=0$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ with a magnetic potential $\mathit{A}=(A_1,A_2)$. Here V represents the electric potential, the index p is greater than 1. Along some sequence $\{{\epsilon }_n\}$ tending to zero we exhibit complex-value solutions that concentrate along some closed curves.     

Solutions with time-dependent singular sets for the heat equation with absorption

We consider the heat equation with a superlinear absorption term ${?}_{t}u?\mathrm{\Delta }u=?u^p$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ and study the existence of nonnegative solutions with an m-dimensional time-dependent singular set, where $n?m\ge 3$. We prove that if $1<p<(n?m)/(n?m?2)$, then there are two types of singular solutions. Moreover, we show the uniqueness of the solutions and specify the exact behavior of the solutions near the singular set.     

On nonlinear boundary value problem corresponding to N-dimensional inverse spectral problem

We establish a relationship between an inverse optimization spectral problem for the N-dimensional Schrödinger equation $?\mathrm{\Delta }?+q(x)?=\lambda ?$ and a solution of the nonlinear boundary value problem $?\mathrm{\Delta }u+q(x)u=\lambda u?u^{\gamma ?1},u>0,u{|}_{?\mathrm{\Omega }}=0$. Using this relationship, we find an exact solution for the inverse optimization spectral problem, investigate its stability and obtain new results on the existence and uniqueness of the solution for the nonlinear boundary value problem.     

Blow-up phenomena for the Liouville equation with a singular source of integer multiplicity

We are concerned with the existence of blowing-up solutions to the following boundary value problem

$?\mathrm{\Delta }u=\lambda a(x)e^u?4\pi N{\delta }_0\text{ in }\mathrm{\Omega },u=0\text{ on }?\mathrm{\Omega },$

where Ω is a smooth and bounded domain in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ such that $0\in \mathrm{\Omega }$, $a(x)$ is a positive smooth function, N is a positive integer and $\lambda >0$ is a small parameter. Here ${\delta }_0$ defines the Dirac measure with pole at 0. We find conditions on the function a and on the domain Ω under which there exists a solution $u_{\lambda }$ blowing up at 0 and satisfying $\lambda {\int }_{\mathrm{\Omega }}a(x)e^{u_{\lambda }}\to 8\pi (N+1)$ as $\lambda \to 0^{+}$.     

Long time behavior of solutions to the 3D Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics system with one diffusion

This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of smooth solutions to the generalized Hall-magneto-hydrodynamics system (1.1) with one single diffusion on the whole space ${\mathbb{R}}^3$. We establish that, in the inviscid resistive case, the energy ${6b(t)6}_2^2$ vanishes and ${6u(t)6}_2^2$ converges to a constant as time tends to infinity provided the velocity is bounded in $W^{1?\alpha ,\frac{3}{\alpha }}({\mathbb{R}}^3)$; in the viscous non-resistive case, the energy ${6u(t)6}_2^2$ vanishes and ${6b(t)6}_2^2$ converges to a constant provided the magnetic field is bounded in $W^{1?\beta ,\infty }({\mathbb{R}}^3)$. In summary, one single diffusion, being as weak as ${(?\mathrm{\Delta })}^{\alpha }b$ or ${(?\mathrm{\Delta })}^{\beta }u$ with small enough $\alpha ,\beta$, is sufficient to prevent asymptotic energy oscillations for certain smooth solutions to the system.