康托洛维奇不等式的一个简证及其极限形式

线性规划中有一个康托洛维奇不等式 (Канторович) :若ai >0 (i=1 ,2 ,… ,n)　∑ni=1ai =1 ,0<λ1 ≤λ2 ≤… ≤λn,则 :(∑ni=1λiai) (∑ni=1aiλi) ≤(λ1 +λn) 24λ1 λn《中学数学》和《中学教研》杂志先后给出了该不等式的多种证明 ,有些需用高等方法 ,有些初等方法又相当复杂 ,本文给出该不等式一个极简证明和其极限形式。一、简证 :设f(x) =(∑ni=1λiai)x2 + (λ1 +λn)x +λ1 λn(∑ni=1aiλi)∵λi-(λ1 +λn) + λ1 λnλi 　　 (i=1 ,2 ,… ,n)=(λi-λ1 ) (λi-λn)λi≤ 0而ai>0∴λiai-(λ1 +λn)ai+ λ1 λnai…     

幂平均不等式的最优值

设Mn[r](a)为a的r阶幂平均,0<α<θ<β,那么满足不等式[Mn[α](a)]1-λ.[Mn[β](a)]λ≤Mn[θ](a)的最大实数λ是λ≥{1+(β-θ)/[m(θ-α)]}-1.这里m=min{[2+(n-2)tβ]/[2+(n-2)tα],t∈R++};满足反向不等式的最小实数λ是λ=[β(θ-α)]/[θ(β-α)].本文的方法基于优势理论与解析技巧,对于建立不等式的最优化思想作了尽可能多的展示.作为应用,得到了一些涉及和、积分与矩阵的新不等式(含Hardy不等式的推广与加强).     

任意阶Laplace拉普拉斯算子的特征值估计

设D为n维Euclid空间Rⁿ的一个有界区域,且0<λ₁≤λ₂≤…≤λ_k≤…是l阶Laplace算子的Dirichlet问题的特征值．得到了该问题用其前k个特征值来估计第(k+1)个特征值λk+1的不等式此不等式不依赖于区域D．对l≥3,上述不等式比所有已知的结果都要好．陈庆民与杨洪苍考虑了l=2的情形．我们的结果是他们结果的自然推广．当2=1时,我们的不等式蕴含杨洪苍不等式的弱形式．文中还给出了陈和杨的一个断言的直接证明．     

H lder不等式的推广及其应用

§1 引言文[1]叙述Holder不等式如下: 设α,β,¨,λ皆为正,且α+β+…+λ=1。则式中等号当且仅当(a),(b),…,(l)中存在一组与各组皆成比例时适用。 Jensen在上述条件不变的情况下,只将α+β+¨+λ≥1改变。不等式(1)仍然成立。本文类似上述情况,将条件改为0<α+β中…+λ<1时,不等式(1)仍然成立,即定理1 设α_i>0,α_(ij)>0(i=1,2.…,n;j=1,2,…,m),且.则     

康托洛维奇不等式的初等证法

康托洛维奇(Канторовну)不等式是指: 若ai＞0(i＝1，2，…，n),且∑ni=1ai=1, 又0＜λ1≤λ2≤…≤λn,则∑ni=1λiai·∑ni=1(ai)/(λi)≤((λ1 λn)2)/(4λ1λn). 文[1]用构造法给出了一种简证,本文将给出一种更加简捷的初等证法.     

一族特殊的单叶函数

<正> 设S_λ~*(α,β)表示函数类在单位圆u{z;|z|<1}内解析映象,且对0<λ≤1;0≤α≤(1+λ)/2;0<β≤1;满足设C_λ~*(α,β)表示函数类在U 内解析,且zf~′(z)属于S_λ~*(α,β)。当λ=1时,为函数类S_1~*(α,β)和C_1~*(α,β).文中给出了这两类函数的一些结果,本文就     

边界层的奇性分析

设 λ∈[λ_0,∞)(0<λ_0<<1),H_1=H_0~2(Ω)∩H~3(Ω),H_2=H_0~1(Ω)∩H~3(Ω),H_3=H~3(Ω),k_1=1/4,k_2=1/12,k_3=1/36,J_6(λ)=integral d(x,Γ)≥a~λlog(1+a~(-β) |△▽(u_e-u)|~2dx,α(ε)=1/6×log_ε1/C(C>1).我们考虑问题(?)定理.若 u=f∈H_i,对问题(1),有如下三种情形成立:i)正规区域 当 λ_0≤λ≤1/6-α(ε)时,有J_6(λ)≤C‖f‖_(H~3(Ω))~2;ii)奇性增长区域当1/6-α(ε)<λ<1/6+k_i/6时,有J_6(λ)≤Cε~(-6λ+2k_i)‖f‖_(H~3(Ω))~2;iii)奇性稳定区域当 λ≥1/6+(k_i)/6时,有J_6(λ)≤Cε~(-1+k_i)‖f‖_(H~3(Ω))~2;其中 i=1,2,3,β≥(45)/(32),C 为同 ε 无关的常数(见图1).     

任意阶Laplace算子的特征值估计

设D为n维Euclid空间Rn的一个有界区域,且0＜λ1≤λ2≤…≤λk≤…是l阶Laplace算子的Dirichlet问题{(-△)lu=λu, 在D中,u=(e)u/(e)n=…=(e)l-1u/(e)nl-1=0,在(e)D上的特征值.得到了该问题用其前k个特征值来估计第(k+1)个特征值λk+1的不等式k∑i=1(λk+1-λi)≤1/n(4l(n+2l-2)]1/2{k∑i=1(λk+1-λi)1/2λil-1/lk∑i=1(λk+1-λi)1/2λi1/l}1/2,此不等式不依赖于区域D.对l≥3,上述不等式比所有已知的结果都要好.陈庆民与杨洪苍考虑了l=2的情形.我们的结果是他们结果的自然推广.当l=1时,我们的不等式蕴含杨洪苍不等式的弱形式.文中还给出了陈和杨的一个断言的直接证明.     

一个常见三角不等式的推广

在△ABC,有不等式cosAcosBcosC≤81(1)等号成立当且仅当△ABC为正三角形.将其推广,笔者获得如下结论.定理在△ABC中,对λ≥0有不等式cosAcosB(cosC λ)≤(1 8λ)2(2)等号成立当且仅当A=B=21arccosλ2-1.证当cosAcosB≤0时,cosC>0,从而cosAcosB(cosC λ)≤0<(1 8λ)2;当cosAcosB     

一类含根式的新不等式及应用

本文通过引入参数的方法发现了一类新的含根式的不等式 ,它们在不等式的证明以及处理一些非等变量的多元函数的极值问题中有着广泛的应用价值 .定理 1　设 0 ≤ｘ ≤λ≤ａ ,则ａ-ｘ≥ ａ-ｔｘ ,(1 )其中等号成立当且仅当ｘ=0或λ ;ｔ =1λ(ａ-ａ-λ) .证　∵ 0 ≤ｘ≤λ ,∴ｘ2 ≤λｘ(等号成立当且仅当ｘ=0或λ) ,于是 ,引入正参数ｔ,我们有(ａ-ｔｘ) 2 =ａ- 2 ａｔｘ ｔ2 ｘ2≤ａ (ｔ2 λ - 2ａｔ)ｘ ,①令ｔ2 λ - 2ａｔ =- 1 ,则方程λｔ2 - 2ａｔ 1 =0有正根ｔ =1λ(ａ -ａ -λ) .故①式两边开平方立得 (1 )式 ,由①取等号的条件知 ,…     

Separation algorithms for 0-1 knapsack polytopes

Valid inequalities for 0-1 knapsack polytopes often prove useful when tackling hard 0-1 Linear Programming problems. To generate such inequalities, one needs separation algorithms for them, i.e., routines for detecting when they are violated. We present new exact and heuristic separation algorithms for several classes of inequalities, namely lifted cover, extended cover, weight and lifted pack inequalities. Moreover, we show how to improve a recent separation algorithm for the 0-1 knapsack polytope itself. Extensive computational results, on MIPLIB and OR Library instances, show the strengths and limitations of the inequalities and algorithms considered.     

Monotonic sequences related to zeros of Bessel functions

In the course of their work on Salem numbers and uniform distribution modulo 1, A. Akiyama and Y. Tanigawa proved some inequalities concerning the values of the Bessel function J ₀ at multiples of π, i.e., at the zeros of J _1/2. This raises the question of inequalities and monotonicity properties for the sequences of values of one cylinder function at the zeros of another such function. Here we derive such results by differential equations methods.     

Singular Supercritical Trudinger–Moser Inequalities and the Existence of Extremals

In this paper, we present the singular supercritical Trudinger–Moser inequalities on the unit ball B in R~n, wher~e n ≥ 2. More precisely, we show that for any given α 0 and 0 t n, then the following two inequalities hold for ■,■.We also consider the problem of the sharpness of the constant α_(n,t). Furthermore, by employing the method of estimating the lower bound and using the concentration-compactness principle, we establish the existence of extremals. These results extend the known results when t = 0 to the singular version for 0 t n.     

Two-weight Caccioppoli inequalities for solutions of nonhomogeneous -harmonic equations on Riemannian manifolds

In this paper, we first prove the local two-weight Caccioppoli inequalities for solutions to the nonhomogeneous -harmonic equation of the form . Then, as applications of the local results, we prove the global two-weight Caccioppoli-type inequalities for these solutions on Riemannian manifolds.

     

A Note of log A ≥log B

In this paper,firstty we shall show some equivalent conditions of A＞B＞0;secondly by using the results of ours we shall show some characterizations of the chaotic order(i.e.,log A≥log B)by norm inequalities.     

On the identric and logarithmic means

Summary Leta, b > 0 be positive real numbers. The identric meanI(a, b) of a andb is defined byI = I(a, b) = (1/e)(b ^b /a ^a ) ^1/(b–a) , fora b, I(a, a) = a; while the logarithmic meanL(a, b) ofa andb isL = L(a, b) = (b – a)/(logb – loga), fora b, L(a, a) = a. Let us denote the arithmetic mean ofa andb byA = A(a, b) = (a + b)/2 and the geometric mean byG =G(a, b) = . In this paper we obtain some improvements of known results and new inequalities containing the identric and logarithmic means. The material is divided into six parts. Section 1 contains a review of the most important results which are known for the above means. In Section 2 we prove an inequality which leads to some improvements of known inequalities. Section 3 gives an application of monotonic functions having a logarithmically convex (or concave) inverse function. Section 4 works with the logarithm ofI(a, b), while Section 5 is based on the integral representation of means and related integral inequalities. Finally, Section 6 suggests a new mean and certain generalizations of the identric and logarithmic means.     

A polyhedral study of the cardinality constrained knapsack problem

 A cardinality constrained knapsack problem is a continuous knapsack problem in which no more than a specified number of nonnegative variables are allowed to be positive. This structure occurs, for example, in areas such as finance, location, and scheduling. Traditionally, cardinality constraints are modeled by introducing auxiliary 0-1 variables and additional constraints that relate the continuous and the 0-1 variables. We use an alternative approach, in which we keep in the model only the continuous variables, and we enforce the cardinality constraint through a specialized branching scheme and the use of strong inequalities valid for the convex hull of the feasible set in the space of the continuous variables. To derive the valid inequalities, we extend the concepts of cover and cover inequality, commonly used in 0-1 programming, to this class of problems, and we show how cover inequalities can be lifted to derive facet-defining inequalities. We present three families of non-trivial facet-defining inequalities that are lifted cover inequalities. Finally, we report computational results that demonstrate the effectiveness of lifted cover inequalities and the superiority of the approach of not introducing auxiliary 0-1 variables over the traditional MIP approach for this class of problems. Received: March 13, 2003 Published online: April 10, 2003 Key Words. mixed-integer programming – knapsack problem – cardinality constrained programming – branch-and-cut     

Hardy inequalities resulted from nonlinear problems dealing with A-Laplacian

We derive Hardy inequalities in weighted Sobolev spaces via anticoercive partial differential inequalities of elliptic type involving A-Laplacian ?Δ _A u = ?divA(?u) ≥ Φ, where Φ is a given locally integrable function and u is defined on an open subset \({\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n}\) . Knowing solutions we derive Caccioppoli inequalities for u. As a consequence we obtain Hardy inequalities for compactly supported Lipschitz functions involving certain measures, having the form $$\int_\Omega F_{\bar{A}}(|\xi|) \mu_1(dx) \leq \int_\Omega \bar{A}(|\nabla \xi|)\mu_2(dx),$$ where \({\bar{A}(t)}\) is a Young function related to A and satisfying Δ′-condition, while \({F_{\bar{A}}(t) = 1/(\bar{A}(1/t))}\) . Examples involving \({\bar{A}(t) = t^p{\rm log}^\alpha(2+t), p \geq 1, \alpha \geq 0}\) are given. The work extends our previous work (Skrzypczaki, in Nonlinear Anal TMA 93:30–50, 2013), where we dealt with inequality ?Δ _p u ≥ Φ, leading to Hardy and Hardy–Poincaré inequalities with the best constants.     

Weighted variational inequalities in normed spaces

In this article, we consider weighted variational inequalities over a product of sets and a system of weighted variational inequalities in normed spaces. We extend most results established in Ansari, Q.H., Khan, Z. and Siddiqi, A.H., (Weighted variational inequalities, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 127(2005), pp. 263–283), from Euclidean spaces ordered by their respective non-negative orthants to normed spaces ordered by their respective non-trivial closed convex cones with non-empty interiors.     

THREE-SPHERE INEQUALITIES FOR SECOND ORDER SINGULAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this article, we give the three-sphere inequalities and three-ball inequalities for the singular elliptic equation div(A▽u)-V u = 0, and the three-ball inequalities on the characteristic plane and the three-cylinder inequalities for the singular parabolic equation ■tu-div(A▽u)+ V u = 0, where the singular potential V belonging to the Kato-Fefferman- Phong’s class. Some applications are also discussed.