Limitations on the extendibility of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem

Given two locally compact spaces and a continuous map the Banach lattice is naturally a -module. Following the Bourbaki approach to integration we define generalized measures as -linear functionals . The construction of an -space and the concepts of absolute continuity and density still make sense. However we exhibit a counter-example to the natural generalization of the Radon-Nikodym Theorem in this context.

     

Minimal sufficiency of order statistics in convex models

Let be a convex and dominated statistical model on the measurable space , with minimal sufficient, and let . Then , the -algebra of all permutation invariant sets belonging to the -fold product -algebra , is shown to be minimal sufficient for the corresponding model for independent observations, .

The main technical tool provided and used is a functional analogue of a theorem of Grzegorek (1982) concerning generators of .

     

A note on invertibility preservers on Banach algebras

Let be be semisimple Banach algebras and let be a unital bijective linear operator that preserves invertibility. If the socle of is an essential ideal of , then is a Jordan isomorphism.

     

Helly-type theorems for homothets of planar convex curves

Helly's theorem implies that if is a finite collection of (positive) homothets of a planar convex body , any three having non-empty intersection, then has non-empty intersection. We show that for collections of homothets (including translates) of the boundary , if any four curves in have non-empty intersection, then has non-empty intersection. We prove the following dual version: If any four points of a finite set in the plane can be covered by a translate [homothet] of , then can be covered by a translate [homothet] of . These results are best possible in general.

     

Games and general distributive laws in Boolean algebras

The games and are played by two players in -complete and max -complete Boolean algebras, respectively. For cardinals such that or , the -distributive law holds in a Boolean algebra iff Player 1 does not have a winning strategy in . Furthermore, for all cardinals , the -distributive law holds in iff Player 1 does not have a winning strategy in . More generally, for cardinals such that , the -distributive law holds in iff Player 1 does not have a winning strategy in . For regular and , implies the existence of a Suslin algebra in which is undetermined.

     

Tensor products of -weakly closed nest algebra submodules

In this paper we prove that for any unital -weakly closed algebra which is -weakly generated by finite-rank operators in , every -weakly closed -submodule has . In the case of nest algebras, if are nests, we obtain the following -fold tensor product formula:

where each is the -weakly closed Alg -submodule determined by an order homomorphism from into itself.

     

Some exact sequences for Toeplitz algebras of spherical isometries

A family of commuting bounded operators on a Hilbert space is said to be a spherical isometry if in the weak operator topology. We show that every commuting family of spherical isometries is jointly subnormal, which means that it has a commuting normal extension on some Hilbert space Suppose now that the normal extension is minimal. Then we show that every bounded operator in the commutant of has a unique norm preserving extension to an operator in the commutant of Moreover, if is the commutator ideal in then is *-isomorphic to We also show that the commutant of the minimal normal extension is completely isometric, via the compression mapping, to the space of Toeplitz-type operators associated to We apply these results to construct exact sequences for Toeplitz algebras on generalized Hardy spaces associated to strictly pseudoconvex domains.

     

On the Betti numbers of sign conditions

Let be a real closed field and let and be finite subsets of such that the set has elements, the algebraic set defined by has dimension and the elements of and have degree at most . For each we denote the sum of the -th Betti numbers over the realizations of all sign conditions of on by . We prove that

This generalizes to all the higher Betti numbers the bound on . We also prove, using similar methods, that the sum of the Betti numbers of the intersection of with a closed semi-algebraic set, defined by a quantifier-free Boolean formula without negations with atoms of the form or for , is bounded by

making the bound more precise.

     

The -invariant and Gorensteinness of graded rings associated to filtrations of ideals in regular local rings

Let be a regular local ring and let be a filtration of ideals in such that is a Noetherian ring with . Let and let be the -invariant of . Then the theorem says that is a principal ideal and for all if and only if is a Gorenstein ring and . Hence , if is a Gorenstein ring, but the ideal is not principal.

     

A lifting theorem for symmetric commutants

Let be bounded operators on a Hilbert space such that . Given a symmetry on , i.e., , we define the -symmetric commutant of to be the operator space

In this paper we obtain lifting theorems for symmetric commutants. The result extends the Sz.-Nagy-Foias commutant lifting theorem (), the anticommutant lifting theorem of Sebestyén ( ), and the noncommutative commutant lifting theorem ( ). Sarason's interpolation theorem for is extended to symmetric commutants on Fock spaces.     

(APD)-property of -algebras by extensions of -algebras with (APD)

A unital -algebra is said to have the (APD)-property if every nonzero element in has the approximate polar decomposition. Let be a closed ideal of . Suppose that and have (APD). In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that makes have (APD). Furthermore, we show that if and or is a simple purely infinite -algebra, then has (APD).

     

Degenerating families of rank two bundles

We construct families of rank two bundles on , in characteristic two, where for , is a sum of line bundles, and is non-split. We construct families of rank two bundles on , in characteristic , where for , is a sum of line bundles, and is non-split.

     

Hyperbolic unit groups

In this paper we study the groups whose integral group rings have hyperbolic unit groups . We classify completely the torsion subgroups of and the polycyclic-by-finite subgroups of the group . Finally, we classify the groups for which the boundary of has dimension zero.

     

Minimal rank and reflexivity of operator spaces

Let be an -dimensional space of linear operators between the linear spaces and over an algebraically closed field . Improving results of Larson, Ding, and Li and Pan we show the following.

Theorem. Let be a basis of . Assume that every nonzero operator in has rank larger than . Then a linear operator belongs to if and only if for every , is a linear combination of .

     

On the commutant of operators of multiplication by univalent functions

Let be a certain Banach space consisting of continuous functions defined on the open unit disk. Let be a univalent function defined on , and assume that denotes the operator of multiplication by . We characterize the structure of the operator such that . We show that for some function in . We also characterize the commutant of under certain conditions.

     

Completing the conformal boundary of a simply connected Lorentz surface

This paper extends Kulkarni's conformal boundary for a simply connected Lorentz surface to a compact conformal boundary . The procedure used is analogous to Carathéodory's construction (in the definite metric setting) of prime ends from the accessible points of a bounded simply connected planar domain. The space of conformal boundary elements is homeomorphic to the circle, and contains Kulkarni's conformal boundary as a dense subspace.

     

On the topological centre problem for weighted convolution algebras and semigroup compactifications

Let be a locally compact, non-compact group (we make the non-compactness assumption, for the most part, simply to avoid trivialities). We show that under a very mild assumption on the weight function , the weighted group algebra is strongly Arens irregular in the sense of Dales and Lau; i.e., both topological centres of equal . Also, we show that the topological centre of the algebra equals the weighted measure algebra . Moreover, still in the same situation, we prove that every linear (left) -module map on is automatically bounded, and even --continuous, hence given by convolution with an element in . To this end, we derive a general factorization theorem for bounded families in the -module . Finally, using this result in the case where , we give a short proof of a theorem due to Protasov and Pym, stating that the topological centre of the semigroup is empty, where denotes the -compactification of . This sharpens an earlier result by Lau and Pym; moreover, our method of proof gives a partial answer to a problem raised by Lau and Pym in 1995.

     

Single elements of finite CSL algebras

An element of an (abstract) algebra is a single element of if and imply that or . Let be a real or complex reflexive Banach space, and let be a finite atomic Boolean subspace lattice on , with the property that the vector sum is closed, for every . For any subspace lattice the single elements of Alg are characterised in terms of a coordinatisation of involving . (On separable complex Hilbert space the finite distributive subspace lattices which arise in this way are precisely those which are similar to finite commutative subspace lattices. Every distributive subspace lattice on complex, finite-dimensional Hilbert space is of this type.) The result uses a characterisation of the single elements of matrix incidence algebras, recently obtained by the authors.

     

The distribution of sequences in residue classes

We prove that any set of integers with lies in at least many residue classes modulo most primes . (Here is a positive constant.) This generalizes a result of Erdos and Ram Murty, who proved in connection with Artin's conjecture on primitive roots that the integers below which are multiplicatively generated by the coprime integers (i.e. whose counting function is also ) lie in at least residue classes, modulo most small primes , where as .

     

Spaces of type and the Hankel convolution

In this paper we introduce new function spaces that are denoted by , -1/2$"> and and that are spaces of type where the Hankel convolution and the Hankel transformation are defined. The spaces will play the same role in the Hankel setting that the spaces play in the theory of Fourier transformation.