单圈图的最大特征值的上界的改进

Let G（V, E） be a unicyclic graph, Cm be a cycle of length m and Cm G, and ui ∈ V（Cm）. The G - E（Cm） are m trees, denoted by Ti, i = 1, 2,..., m. For i = 1, 2,..., m, let eui be the excentricity of ui in Ti and ec = max{eui ： i = 1, 2 , m}. Let κ = ec＋1. Forj = 1,2,...,k- 1, let δij = max{dv ： dist（v, ui） = j,v ∈ Ti}, δj = max{δij ： i = 1, 2,..., m}, δ0 = max{dui ： ui ∈ V（Cm）}. Then λ1（G）≤max{max 2≤j≤k-2 （√δj-1-1＋√δj-1）,2＋√δ0-2,√δ0-2＋√δ1-1}. If G ≌ Cn, then the equality holds, where λ1 （G） is the largest eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of G.     

相同的性质不同的表述

文[1]《2010年四川卷理科20题的引申》一文给出并证明了这样一个性质(表述1.1),这里以焦点在x轴上的椭圆为例.     

圆锥曲线的光学性质的应用

圆锥曲线的光学性质在高中数学课本中有简单介绍,本文介绍它们的应用． 结论1 从椭圆的一个焦点发出的光线经椭圆反射后经过另一个焦点（证明略）．     

简议双曲线的渐近线的功能

渐近线是双曲线中具有特殊性质的元素,它在解决双曲线的诸多问题中都有着重要的且不可替代的功能．请看： 1．功能之一：控制曲线范围和发展趋势 双曲线只能位于由它的两条渐近线所构成的且含实轴的一对对顶角之内,这就从宏观上控制了双曲线的范围;     

逆周期的交换半群生成的簇的子簇

In this paper, all subvarieties of the varieties Ak （k ∈N） generated by aperiodic commutative semigroups are characterized. Based on this characterization, the structure of lattice of subvarieties of Ak is investigated.     

带约束的零智能交易系统的实验模型的研究

仿真实验分析是研究交易系统规律的一种重要手段,带约束的零智能系统(ZI-C)是业界研究双向交易系统的重要基准.本文针对ZI-C的典型仿真实验进行分析,揭示其中系统内价格出清过程和实验设置的关系,并量化了各交易者在市场匹配中的难易程度.在分析中,首次提出了一种概率仿真模型,使用了迭代计算来估计每一时刻系统中各种价格产生的...     

代数的张量积的同调满同态的构造

利用已知的代数的同调满同态来构造其张量积代数的同调满同态.设A,B,C,D是域k上的有限维代数,如果环同态f:A→C和g:B→D是环的同调满同态,则fg:AB→CD也是环的同调满同态.     

具有变量核的积分算子的交换子的CBMO估计

该文建立了变量核的积分算子的交换子在Herz型空间的CBMO估计.     

乘方的指数与其幂的位数的关系

为了探究乘方的指数与其幂的位数的关系,定义了几个有关的新概念,并且证明了两个关于乘方以及进制进位的定理,由此建立起关于乘方以及进制进位的理论体系,其中包括进位理论中判定乘方的指数与其幂的位数是否存在周期规律的判别法,以及进位规律的求解法和四条相关的性质.     

关于特征值的平方和的注记

探讨了特征值的平方和这一计算问题,指出了常用方法的不足之处,并在深入研究方阵相似的基础之上弥补了这一不足,彻底解决了这一问题,此外运用这种方法还能解决特征值高次幂之和与多项式之和的计算问题.最后文中给出了一种新的计算特征值平方和的方法,这种方法能够回避第一种方法的不足,但缺点是不易推广.     

Equivalent Separating Curves on Closed Surface of Genus 2

Let {A,B} be a complete system of the closed orientable surface F of genus 2. A simple closed curve C on F is separating with respect to (A, B) if it is disjoint from A∪B and it cuts F into two once-punctured tori X, Y with A(?)X, B(?)Y. Letγbe a simple closed curve on F which is disjoint from A∪B and intersects C essentially in two points. In this paper, we show that up to isotopy, {hnγ(C):n∈Z} is the set containing all the simple closed curves on F which is separating with respect to (A,B), where hγis the Dehn twist alongγon F. This also shows how two simple closed curves on F which are separating with respect to (A,B) are related. The result can be applied to yield all Haken spheres of a Heegaard splitting V∪F W which are weakly equivalent to a given Heken sphere of the splitting.     

Haken 3-Manifolds in Small Covers*

The authors prove that a 3-dimensional small cover M is a Haken manifold if and only if M is aspherical or equivalently the underlying simple polytope is a flag polytope. In addition, they find that M being Haken is also equivalent to the existence of a Riemannian metric with non-positive sectional curvature on M.     

区域创新系统协同演化机制与优化设计研究

为揭示区域创新系统协同演化机制的本质与规律,在对区域创新系统自组织特征予以描述的基础上,构建区域创新系统协同演化的哈肯模型,选用基础共性技术创新数据与制度创新数据进行实证研究,运用Minitab软件设计系统演化方案并提出优化对策。研究结果表明:基础共性技术创新代表量是区域创新系统动态演化的序参量;基础共性技术创新与制度创新在区域创新系统演化过程中具有协同效应,但协同度欠佳;制度创新递增的正反馈机制在区域创新系统演化过程中的信噪比最大,基础共性技术创新对制度创新推动作用的反映最灵敏;当信噪比最大的参数λ₂<0,形成制度创新递增的正反馈机制,同时调控参数使得a、b、λ₁均小于0且尽量保持a的绝对值最大,区域创新系统将会实现最优演化水平。     

Bounded Classes in the Cohomology of Manifolds

We discuss the image of a natural homomorphism from the bounded cohomology to the ordinary cohomology of a manifold. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a Haken 3-manifold M to have the property that any class in the nth cohomology of M is bounded if n > 1.The first author was partially supported by JSPS.     

Incompressible surfaces in punctured-torus bundles

We derive in this paper the classification up to isotopy of the incompressible surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds which fiber over the circle with fiber a once-punctured torus. From this classification it follows that most of the 3-manifolds obtained by compactifying these bundles via a circle at infinity are closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds which contain 1.0 incompressible surfaces, i.e., are not Haken manifolds.     

The Heegaard Genus of Amalgamated 3-Manifolds

Let M and M′ be simple 3-manifolds, each with connected boundary of genus at least two. Suppose that Mand M′ are glued via a homeomorphism between their boundaries. Then we show that, provided the gluing homeomorphism is ‘sufficiently complicated’, the Heegaard genus of the amalgamated manifold is completely determined by the Heegaard genus of Mand M′ and the genus of their common boundary. Here, a homeomorphism is ‘sufficiently complicated’ if it is the composition of a homeomorphism from the boundary ofM to some surface S, followed by a sufficiently high power of a pseudo-Anosov onS, followed by a homeomorphism to the boundary of M′. The proof uses the hyperbolic geometry of the amalgamated manifold, generalised Heegaard splittings and minimal surfaces.     

球面2型超曲面

本文在无先念条件下,证明了Ｃｈｅｎ［１］关于２型超曲面的一个定理．     

A generalization of the classical sphere theorem

In this paper, we prove a sphere theorem for Riemannian manifolds with partially positive curvature which generalizes the classical sphere theorem.

     

On the Modular Figure and Ford-Spheres

In §1 we study Figure 1 for variable h. In §2 and §3 this is combined with Ford-circles (Figure 2) and the choice h = 0 (Figure 3). In §4 a limit is evaluated. In §5 we treat Figure 5 (“Ford-circles inside the unit-circle”) and a technical application. In §6 contains various modular figures (Figures 7, 8, 9). §7 treats synchronous rotation of Figure 1 and Eoing from R² to R³; the rotating upper half-plane of C corresponds then to the unit-sphere. In §8 a sphere-packing on C is introduced. Finally in §9 a sphere-packing inside the unit-sphere arises.