高温作用下混凝土热-水-力耦合损伤分析模型

以混合物理论为基础建立了高温作用下混凝土的热-水-力耦合损伤分析模型．将混凝土视为由固体骨架、液态水、水蒸气、干燥气体和溶解气体共5种组分构成的混合物,模型的宏观平衡方程包括各组分的质量守恒方程、整体的能量守恒方程及动量守恒方程,模型所需的状态方程及本构关系全部给出,最后给出基于4个主要参数（固体骨架位移、气压力、毛细压力和温度）的控制方程．模型考虑了混凝土在高温作用下,水分的蒸发与冷凝、胶结材料的水化及脱水、溶解气的溶解与挥发等相变过程;从材料变形破坏过程中能量耗散特征入手,基于Lemaitre应变等价性假说和能量守恒原理得到力学损伤演化方程,并考虑了高温引起的热损伤对材料力学性能及力学损伤演化规律的影响,建立了热-力耦合损伤本构模型．     

剪切平行板间密集颗粒流的接触力分布及各向异性分析

研究了剪切平行板间密集颗粒流的接触力分布规律、接触力网络的各向异性、颗粒摩擦因数对宏观流变特性及细观力链分布的影响等．为了研究以上内容,应用计算机建立了离散元数值分析模型．数值分析结果表明,颗粒之间的接触力分布按幂函数规律变化;接触角分布服从指数函数规律,平均法向接触力随平均接触角任意上下振荡变化;波动速度大小为宏观流变顺畅与否的关键性评价指标,而在细观力链方面,当剪切平行板间颗粒流变不畅时会伴随着超强力链数目显著增加．     

三维横向流体诱发直管振动的数值模拟

基于有限体积法和有限元法,结合动网格控制技术,建立了横向流体作用下三维弹性直管流致振动计算的数值模型,实现了计算结构动力学与计算流体力学之间的联合仿真．首先,通过对刚性管的静止绕流计算,研究了网格离散方式和不同湍流模型对圆柱类结构静止绕流流场特征的影响和预测能力,得到了适用于双向耦合分析的CFD模型;其次,利用基于双向流固耦合方法的流致振动模型,计算并分析了流体力与结构位移间的相位关系,指出流体力与位移间的相位差是由流体力引起的,同时对双向耦合和单向耦合进行了比较分析;最后通过对直管流致振动的数值计算,联合管表面压力、尾流区时均速度、分离角等时均量,分析了尾流区的流场特征.     

流体弹塑性介质中波动与断裂计算的二阶GODUNOV方法

1．引言工程实践的发展已使得研究弹塑性波动问题的高精度、高分辨率数值方法成为日益重要的课题．复杂的材料特性等因素给这方面的研究带来了相当的困难．近些年来,人们在以气体力学Godunov方法为基础的方向上取得了进展,参见文献［1,2,3］．本文将在此方向上,建立一种新的弹塑性介质中波动、断裂现象的高精度、高分辨率数值模拟方法．流体弹塑性体是一种兼有固体与流体特征的弹塑性模型风．这种模型自然、连续地描述了固体与流体间的过渡,在爆炸、高速碰撞等问题中经常被采用．此外,我们以vanLeer的＊＊S＊L格式问为框架提出了一…     

基于模糊群子论的可燃性粉尘点着温度试验与分析

为了探讨模糊群子论模型在可燃性粉尘中粒度分布的评价作用及适用性,针对可燃性粉尘颗粒粒度分布的不确定性,依据模糊群子论特有的多层性、模糊性、最可几性和可变性,采用激光粒度仪测定了不同粒度分布范围下可燃性粉尘颗粒粒度分布,通过模糊群子论方法,分析可燃性粉尘颗粒粒度的竞争参数.实验结果表明:粉尘颗粒体系越趋向于小粒径集团为主的分布,其相对应的点着温度也就越低;当粉尘颗粒足够小时,由于受到颗粒间的力、颗粒间的碰撞以及颗粒充装的密实程度的影响,导致其点着温度上升;采用模糊群子论模型可对可燃性粉尘颗粒粒度分布进行定性及定量分析,有助于粉尘爆炸防治技术的发展.     

基于浸入边界-有限元法的流固耦合碰撞数值模拟方法

针对流固耦合碰撞问题,建立了流体中固体与固体碰撞界面解析直接模拟方法,采用清晰界面浸入边界法模拟流体中的动边界问题,避免了传统贴体网格方法在求解流体中存在固体间碰撞问题时网格出现负体积的问题,采用基于罚函数的有限元方法对固体的运动和碰撞进行求解,以分域耦合方式实现流体域和固体域的耦合求解.通过与静止流体中球形颗粒与壁面正碰撞和斜碰撞的实验数据对比,验证了建立的数值模拟方法对流体中固体与固体碰撞数值模拟的正确性,获得了流体域流场在碰撞前后随时间的变化,同时通过该文建立的数值模拟方法也获得了固体域中固体的碰撞力和应力.未来,将把该数值模拟方法应用到流体流动环境中,如固体颗粒对管道的冲蚀、流体诱导海洋立管之间的碰撞、坠物对海底管道的撞击等.     

喷涂于运动边界上液体薄膜射流的流变效应

采用非Newton流体的二阶流体模型分析了相对高温的液体熔体薄膜由模口喷出并涂于运动的固体膜上. 讨论了由自由面上温度梯度驱动的非Newton液体薄膜的热毛细流动, 考虑热毛细流动的流变效应. 分析是基于润滑理论近似和摄动理论近似. 得到了液体高度方程和非Newton液体薄膜的热流体力学过程描述, 具体求解了弱流变流体效应的情况.     

不确定性需求下易逝品零售商横向调货策略研究

本文通过建立易逝品零售商间横向调货模型,研究了不确定性需求与不确定性需求更新零售商之间协调调货行为下最优调货价格和调货量。研究结果表明,在不确定性需求条件下,零售商间横向调货模型中调货价格和调货量的存在纯策略纳什均衡解;在不确定性需求更新条件时,零售商间横向调货价格和调货量在任意时刻均存在纯策略纳什均衡解。数值实验也证实了理论部分的研究结论。     

原子力显微镜中等容液桥的毛细力分析

用表界面热力学方法和力学方法研究了原子力显微镜中等容液桥的毛细力和液桥的断裂能,对这两种方法进行了对比分析.对液桥分析中圆弧近似的适用性进行了讨论,对轻敲模式下的能量耗散进行了分析,指出液桥断裂引起的能量耗散是引起相位变化的主要因素,另外还指出了接触角滞后效应对毛细力和断裂能的影响.模型分析对原子力显微镜轻敲模式下成像机理的理解以及力曲线测量分析有一定的参考价值.     

基于嵌套网格的环空流体内旋转杆柱与井筒碰撞特性研究北大核心CSCD

针对浸没在流体中杆管柱间相互接触问题,基于嵌套网格技术,该文建立了环空流体内旋转杆柱与井筒间碰撞的数值求解方法.将环空流体域分为相互嵌套的子区域:背景网格和组件网格,推导了各嵌套区域流场边界传递信息的插值计算公式,采用分域方法对环空流体域与杆柱固体域耦合进行求解.通过静止流体中球形颗粒与壁面正、斜碰撞实验对比,验证该文数值方法的正确性.研究了不同流体黏度、杆柱旋转速度条件下杆柱与井筒的碰撞特性,结果表明:1)杆柱与井筒碰撞的碰撞力、速度随黏度增大而降低,即杆柱与井筒碰撞的剧烈程度与流体黏度负相关;2)随着杆柱旋转速度增大,杆柱与井筒的碰撞力、速度也增大,即杆柱与井筒碰撞的剧烈程度与转速正相关.     

NEW METHOD FOR EFFECTIVE VISCOSITY OF COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS WITH PERIODIC MICROSTRUCTURES

1IntroductionTherheologyofcolloidaldispersionisofinterestinmanyphsicalandtechnologicalproblems,andforthisreasonithasbeenstudiedextensively,expeciallywhenthesystemcallI)edescribedbythelillearNavier-StokesequationsforincompressibleNewtonianfiuicl[1--6J.ColIoidaldispersioncanbesubdividedintotwoclasses,namely,suspensionandemulsi.I,[7'8].Asuspensionisadispersionwithfinerigidparticlessuspendedinafluid.Inanemulsion,pallidparticlesareimmersedinanotherfluid.Animportantprobleminthisfieldistodeters-f…     

Parallel Smoothed Aggregation Multilevel Schwarz Preconditioned Newton-Krylov Algorithms for Poisson-Boltzmann Problems

We study a multilevel Schwarz preconditioned Newton-Krylov algorithm to solve the Poisson-Boltzmann equation with applications in multi-particle colloidal simulation. The smoothed aggregation-type coarse mesh space is introduced in collaboration with the one-level Schwarz method as a composite preconditioner for accelerating the convergence of a Krylov subspace method for solving the Jacobian system at each Newton step. The important feature of the proposed solution algorithm is that the geometric mesh information needed for constructing the multilevel preconditioner is the same as the one-level Schwarz method on the fine mesh. Other components, such as the definition of the coarse mesh, all the mesh transfer operators, and the coarse mesh problem, are taken care of by the Trillinos/ML packages of the Sandia National Laboratories in the United States. After algorithmic parameter tuning, we show that the proposed smoothed aggregation multilevel Newton-Krylov-Schwarz (NKS) algorithm numerically outperforms than smoothed aggregation multigrid method and one-level version of the NKS algorithm with satisfactory parallel performances up to a few thousand cores. Besides, we investigate how the electrostatic forces between particles for the separation distance depend on the radius of spherical colloidal particles and valence ratios of cation and anion in a cubic system.     

On an effective model for ferronematic liquid crystals

The tools of homogenization theory are used to develop an effective model for ferronematics–colloidal suspensions of small ferromagnetic particles in a nematic liquid crystalline medium. The results are presented for dilute suspensions of identical prolate spheroidal particles. For needle-like particles of large eccentricity, the model reduces to a known expression [5]. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Mathematical modeling for colloidal dispersion undergoing Brownian motion

An averaged motion approach for modeling Brownian dynamics for suspension systems of electrically charged particles in liquid is developed. The continuum model for the motion of particles consists of a system of integral equations coupled with a degenerate parabolic equation. Existence and uniqueness of global solution for the coupled system are established, and numerical results for the non-Newtonian viscosity of the mixture in terms of shear rate or Pechlet number are obtained. The model reveals some non-Newtonian properties such as the well-known shear thinning phenomenon for the viscosity of colloidal dispersions.     

胶体有效粘滞系数的理论研究

胶体是自然界和工业应用中的常见对象。胶体领域的一个中心理论问题是如何根据胶体系统的微结构来确定胶体的流变性质。由于处理多粒子系统边值问题的困难,现有的胶体理论都局限于低颗粒浓度。该文中发展了变换场方法,用该方法可以计算含胶体颗粒的不可压缩粘滞流体的有效粘滞系数,颗粒可以是固体也可以是流体。在低颗粒浓度,该理论预测与爱因斯坦关于悬浮体的公式以及Taylor关于乳浊液的公式完全吻合。在高颗粒浓度,该文的结果与Nunan和Keller的结果相一致,其方法可以用于预测非球形颗粒悬浮体的有效粘滞系数。     

Exact and approximate expressions for resistance coefficients of a colloidal sphere approaching a solid surface at intermediate Reynolds numbers

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the force of liquid flow acting on a colloidal spherical particle as it approaches a solid surface at intermediate-Reynolds-number-flow regime. The model has incorporated bispherical coordinates to determine a stream function for the flow disturbed by the sphere. The stream function was then used to derive the flow force on the particle as a function of the inter-surface separation distance. The force equation was related to the modified Stokes equation to obtain an exact analytical expression for the correction factor to the Stokes law. Finally, a rational approximation is presented, which is in good agreement with the exact numerical result, and can be readily applied to more general particle–surface interactions involving short-range hydrodynamics associated with colloidal particles in the near vicinity of a large solid collector surface at intermediate Reynolds number of the supporting flow.     

A new model for the acoustic wake effect in aerosol acoustic agglomeration processes

The acoustic wake effect has been considered the main agglomeration mechanism in the aerosol acoustic agglomeration processes. However, the existing theoretical model for the acoustic wake effect, which was proposed half century ago, is not accurate enough and overestimates the perturbation velocity in the vicinity of particles by as high as approximately 50%. In this paper, a new model for the acoustic wake effect is established, in which an approximate expression is constructed to describe the perturbation velocity. The newly developed model has been verified to be more accurate than the existing model by both theoretical analysis of boundary conditions and computational fluid dynamics simulation. The trajectories of two particles in a horizontal sound field are calculated based on the new model and the existing model. The results show that the new model corrects the range of initial orientation angle for two particles to successfully agglomerate, which was overestimated in the existing model. Moreover, the collision efficiency of two different-sized particles under the acoustic wake effect is found to be larger in the simulation by the new model than that by the existing model. The new model can be used as a reasonably accurate tool not only for calculating the agglomeration of two particles, but also for the numerical simulation of acoustic agglomeration of an aerosol containing a large number of particles due to its low computational cost.     

Computational fluid dynamics and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a gas–solid tapered fluidized bed

In the present work, experimental and numerical studies for the hydrodynamics in a gas–solid tapered fluidized bed have been carried out. The experimental results obtained by carrying out experiments in a tapered fluidized bed for glass bead (spherical) of 2.0 mm and dolomite (non-spherical particles) of 2.215 mm in diameter, were compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results, using a commercial CFD software package, Fluent. The gas–solid flow was simulated using the Eulerian–Eulerian model and applying the kinetic theory of granular flow for solid particles. The Gidaspow drag model was used to calculate the gas–solid momentum exchange coefficients. Pressure drops predicted by the CFD simulations agreed reasonably well with experimental measurements for both types (spherical and non-spherical) of particles. Good agreement was also obtained between experimental and CFD predicted bed expansion ratios for both types of particles. Present study provides a useful basis for further works on the CFD of tapered fluidized bed.     

等离子体反应器流场的数值模拟

本文采用颗粒轨道模型对等离子体反应器进行数值模拟.数值格式用SIMPLER法.湍流模型用简单的次网格模型.计算结果给出速度场、温度场及颗粒轨道,对工程设计和工艺过程参数控制有参考价值.     

A numerical model for magnetic chromatography

In this paper, we present details of a mathematical model for magnetic chromatography (MC) systems where strong distorted magnetic fields are used to separate particles from a colloidal mixture. The model simulates the effect of magnetic field gradients on particle motion, and includes calculation of the fluid flow, magnetic field, and particle concentration field. It is based on the finite-volume method (FVM) and uses an expanding-grid technique to handle domains with large aspect ratios. The model has been validated against the results from an analytical model. The numerical model has been used to simulate the performance of a real MC system under various operating conditions.