On Euler numbers, polynomials and related p-adic integrals

In this note we give a new proof of Witt's formula for Euler numbers, which are related to some known or new identities involving the Euler numbers. We also obtain a brief proof of a classical result on Euler numbers modulo of two due to M.A. Stern using the approach of p-adic integration, which was recently proved by G. Liu, and Z.-W. Sun. Finally some explicit formulas for Genocchi numbers are proved and applications are given.     

An arithmetic formula for certain coefficients of the Euler product of Hecke polynomials

In 1997 the author found a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for the Riemann zeta function, involving the nonnegativity of certain coefficients associated with the Riemann zeta function. In 1999 Bombieri and Lagarias obtained an arithmetic formula for these coefficients using the “explicit formula” of prime number theory. In this paper, the author obtains an arithmetic formula for corresponding coefficients associated with the Euler product of Hecke polynomials, which is essentially a product of L-functions attached to weight 2 cusp forms (both newforms and oldforms) over Hecke congruence subgroups Γ₀(N). The nonnegativity of these coefficients gives a criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for all these L-functions at once.     

On p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions

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In this paper, using the fermionic p  -adic integral on _Zp${\mathbb{Z}}_p$, we define the corresponding p-adic Log Gamma functions, so-called p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions. We then prove several fundamental results for these p-adic Log Gamma functions, including the Laurent series expansion, the distribution formula, the functional equation and the reflection formula. We express the derivative of p-adic Euler L  -functions at s=0$s=0$ and the special values of p-adic Euler L-functions at positive integers as linear combinations of p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions. Finally, using the p-adic Diamond–Euler Log Gamma functions, we obtain the formula for the derivative of the p  -adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta function at s=0$s=0$, then we show that the p-adic Hurwitz-type Euler zeta functions will appear in the studying for a special case of p  -adic analogue of the (S,T)$(S,T)$-version of the abelian rank one Stark conjecture.

Video

For a video summary of this paper, please click here or visit http://youtu.be/DW77g3aPcFU.     

On the sum relation of multiple Hurwitz zeta functions

In this paper we shall define the special-valued multiple Hurwitz zeta functions, namely the multiple t-values t(α) and define similarly the multiple star t-values as t^?(α). Then we consider the sum of all such multiple (star) t-values of fixed depth and weight with even argument and prove that such a sum can be evaluated when the evaluations of t({2m}ⁿ) and t*({2m}ⁿ) are clear. We give the evaluations of them in terms of the classical Euler numbers through their generating functions.     

Sums of products of Kronecker's double series

Closed expressions are obtained for sums of products of Kronecker's double series of the form , where the summation ranges over all nonnegative integers j₁,…,jN with j₁+?+jN=n. Corresponding results are derived for functions which are an elliptic analogue of the periodic Euler polynomials. As corollaries, we reproduce the formulas for sums of products of Bernoulli numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, Euler numbers, and Euler polynomials, which were given by K. Dilcher.     

A generalization of A. Connes' trace formula

A new Bessel type function is found for each field of p-adic numbers, which has remarkable properties. By using this Bessel function, a Hankel type transformation is defined for every field of p-adic numbers. It is the analogue of the classical Hankel transformation of order zero (Li, 2007 [8]). A global Hankel transformation is defined on the adele group. It is closely related to the Euler product formula of the Riemann zeta function. Local and S-local trace formulas are obtained for the Hankel transformation. They are generalizations of A. Connes' corresponding trace formulas in Connes (1999) [5].     

Note on a paper by A. Granville and K. Soundararajan

In this note, we improve some results of Granville and Soundararajan on the distribution of values of the truncated random Euler product L(1,X;y):=_∏p?y(1−X⁻¹(p)/p), where the X(p) are independent random variables, taking the values ±1 with equal probability p/2(p+1) and 0 with probability 1/(p+1).     

An adelic Hankel summation formula

In this paper, the convergence of the Euler product of the Hecke zeta-function ζ(s,χ) is proved on the line R(s)=1 with s≠1. A certain functional identity between ζ(s,χ) and ζ(2−s,χ) is found. An analogue of Tate's adelic Poisson summation is obtained for the global Hankel transformation, which is constructed in Li (2010) [7].     

On congruences of Euler numbers modulo powers of two

In this paper, we establish some identities involving the Euler numbers, the Euler numbers of order 2 and the central factorial numbers, and give a new proof of a classical result due to M.A. Stern.

Video abstract

For a video summary of this paper, please visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdNsdTDA-FE.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-adic interpolation of Taylor coefficients of modular forms

In this paper we show that the Taylor coefficients of a Hecke eigenform at a CM-point, suitably modified, form a sequence of algebraic numbers that satisfy the Kubota–Leopoldt generalization of the Kummer congruences for primes that split in the imaginary quadratic field associated with a CM-point. More generally, we show that these numbers are moments of a certain p-adic measure. In addition, we write down explicitly the “Euler factor” at p in terms of the p th Hecke eigenvalue of the modular form in question and certain data of the CM-point. P. Guerzhoy is supported by NSF grant DMS-0700933.     

A new formula for the volume of lattice polyhedra

LetL _n be the lattice consisting of all pointsx inR ^N such thatnx belongs to the fundamental latticeL ₁ of points with integer coordinates. When the vertices of a polyhedronP inR ^N are restricted to lie inL ₁ there is a formula which relates the volume ofP to the numbers of points ofL ₁,...,L _N in the interior and on the boundary ofP. The aim of this note is to show that the volume ofP can be determined only by means of the numbers of points ofL ₁,...,L _N lying in the interior ofP and cannot be expressed by the numbers of points ofL ₁,...,L _N lying on the boundary ofP. The latter numbers in turn can be used to compute to comopute the Euler characteristic of the boundary ofP.     

A closed formula for the generating function of p-Bernoulli numbers

Abstract

In this paper, using geometric polynomials, we obtain a generating function of p-Bernoulli numbers in terms of harmonic numbers. As consequences of this generating function, we derive closed formulas for the finite summation of Bernoulli and harmonic numbers involving Stirling numbers of the second kind. We also give a relationship between the p-Bernoulli numbers and the generalized Bernoulli polynomials.     

On Li's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for the Selberg class

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In this paper, we shall prove a generalization of Li's positivity criterion for the Riemann hypothesis for the extended Selberg class with an Euler sum. We shall also obtain two arithmetic expressions for Li's constants , where the sum is taken over all non-trivial zeros of the function F and the indicates that the sum is taken in the sense of the limit as T→∞ of the sum over ρ with |Imρ|?T. The first expression of λF(n), for functions in the extended Selberg class, having an Euler sum is given terms of analogues of Stieltjes constants (up to some gamma factors). The second expression, for functions in the Selberg class, non-vanishing on the line , is given in terms of a certain limit of the sum over primes.

Video

For a video summary of this paper, please click here or visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDtXrkuwxA.     

Minimal but Inefficient Presentations of the Semi-Direct Products of Some Monoids

Abstract. In recent papers of Ruskuc, Saito and J. Wang, the semi-direct product of two arbitrary monoids and a standard presentation, say P, for this product have received considerable attention. Wang defined a trivialiser set of the Squier complex associated with P and after that necessary and sufficient conditions for P to be efficient have been given by Cevik. As a main result of this paper, we give sufficient conditions for a presentation of the semi-direct product of a one-relator monoid by an infinite cyclic monoid to be minimal but not efficient . In the final part of this paper we give some applications of this result.     

Complete solution of the polynomial version of a problem of Diophantus

In this paper, we prove that if {a,b,c,d} is a set of four non-zero polynomials with integer coefficients, not all constant, such that the product of any two of its distinct elements plus 1 is a square of a polynomial with integer coefficients, then

(a+b−c−d)2=4(ab+1)(cd+1).     

Dissipativity of the linearly implicit Euler scheme for Navier‐Stokes equations with delay

In this article, we study the dissipativity of the linearly implicit Euler scheme for the 2D Navier‐Stokes equations with time delay volume forces (NSD). This scheme can be viewed as an application of the implicit Euler scheme to linearized NSD. Therefore, only a linear system is needed to solve at each time step. The main results we obtain are that this scheme is L² dissipative for any time step size and H¹ dissipative under a time‐step constraint. As a consequence, the existence of a numerical attractor of the discrete dynamical system is established. A by‐product of the dissipativity analysis of the linearly implicit Euler scheme for NSD is that the dissipativity of an implicit‐explicit scheme for the celebrated Navier‐Stokes equations that treats the volume forces term explicitly is obtained.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 2114–2140, 2017     

Evaluations of multiple Dirichlet L-values via symmetric functions

We explicitly evaluate a special type of multiple Dirichlet L-values at positive integers in two different ways: One approach involves using of symmetric functions, while the other involves using of a generating function of the values. Equating these two expressions, we derive several summation formulae involving the Bernoulli and Euler numbers. Moreover, values at non-positive integers, called central limit values, are also studied.     

Blowup for the compressible isothermal Euler equations with non-vacuum initial data

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we study the compressible isothermal Euler equations with non-vacuum initial data. First, we prove the property of finite propagation to this Cauchy problem by using local energy estimates. Second, we establish the blowup results of the multi-dimensional case in radial symmetry and the one-dimensional case in non-radial symmetry by making assumptions on the initial velocity. Third, we present the blowup results of the three-dimensional case in non-radial symmetry by making assumptions on the initial momentum.     

An ‘odd’ formula for the volume of three-dimensional lattice polyhedra

Let be the tiling of R ³ with unit cubes whose vertices belong to the fundamental lattice L ₁ of points with integer coordinates. Denote by L _n the lattice consisting of all points x in R ³ such that nx belongs to L ₁. When the vertices of a polyhedron P in R ³ are restricted to lie in L ₁ then there is a formula which relates the volume of P to the numbers of all points of two lattices L ₁ and L _n lying in the interior and on the boundary of P. In the simplest case of the lattices L ₁ and L ₂ there are 27 points in each cube from whose relationships to the polyhedron P must be examined. In this note we present a new formula for the volume of lattice polyhedra in R ³ which involves only nine points in each cube of : one from L ₂ and eight belonging to L ₄. Another virtue of our formula is that it does not employ any additional parameters, such as the Euler characteristic.