巴普定理的推广及其它

文［１］介绍了巴普定理：圆内接凸四边形所在圆周上任一点到一双对边的距离之积等于该点到另一双对边的距离之积． 本文将此定理推广到圆内接凸２ｎ边形,并自然得到西姆松定理在凸ｎ边形的推广． 为了表述方便,我们不妨作如下定义： 隔边２ｎ条线段首尾相连,任取定一条线段,标号为１,将其余线段按逆时针方向依次标号为２、３、…、２ｎ,则由标号为奇数（或偶数）的线段组成的一组线段叫这２ｎ条线段的一组隔边,且标号为奇数的一组隔边与标号为偶数的另一组隔边互称互补隔边组． 定理１ 圆内接凸２ｎ边形所在圆周上任一点到一组隔边…     

对称多胞形的极值性质及其应用

凸多胞形现代理论的主要成就是被称之为Dehn-Sommerville关系的上界定理和下界定理,它们属于凸多胞形的经典组合理论．本文建立了关于对称凸多胞形的两个极值定理,它们可视为凸多胞形度量理论中的上界定理和下界定理,另外给出了两个极值定理的一个应用．     

Sugeno模糊积分在分形编码中的应用

分形技术已被许多研究者应用于图像编码．在分形编码方案中，L^2距离技普遍采用去评价range块与domain块之间的匹配程度．本文将采用一种新的距离——基于Sugeno模糊积分的模糊距离去替代L^2距离．实验表明，在四叉树算法中，和L^2距离相比，在不损害压缩比和解码质量的前提下，混合或单纯使用模糊距离可提高编码速度35%～50％。     

G-凸空间中的KKM定理，匹配定理和截口定理

在G-凸空间中证明了一些新的KKM型定理．作为应用,在G-凸空间中得到了一些新的匹配定理和截口定理,所得结果改进和推广了[2,3,7]中的相关结果．     

完备L-凸度量空间中的Ky Fan匹配定理及其对抽象经济的应用

在完备L-凸度量空间中建立了一个转移紧开覆盖的Ky Fan匹配定理．作为应用，获得了Fan-Browder重合定理和极大元定理．最后，研究了完备L-凸度量空间中抽象经济和定性对策的平衡存在定理．     

广义重心坐标与凸多胞形的性质

提出n维欧氏空间中广义重心坐标的概念,建立了广义重心坐标下两点间的距离公式,并利用于研究凸多胞形的若干性质,将欧氏平面上凸多边形的一些定值与极值性质推广到n维空间.     

1993年第3期问题

１９９３年第３期问题７６．已知凸ｎ边形Ａ１Ａ２．．．Ａｎ内接于圆Ｏ，Ｒ为圆Ｏ的半径，Ｏ到各边的距离分别为为ｎ边形的半周长，求证：７７．整点三角形ＡＢＣ的边ＡＢ、ＡＣ上除端点外分别有奇数个整点．（１）求证：边ＢＣ上除端点外还有奇数个整点；（２）△ＡＢＣ...     

Banach空间中关于有界集的同时远达问题的适定性

本文研究Banach空间中关于有界集的同时远达问题的适定性,在集合的Hausdorff距离下,证明了：对自反局部一致凸Banach空间中的闭有界集K,使所有关于K的同时远达问题是适定的紧凸子集A全体在紧凸子集全体中是Gδ型集．     

凸n边形内Fermat点问题的初等证明

本文中,凸n边形内Fermat点是指形内到此n边形各顶点距离之和为最小的点。之所以这样相称的原因是因为法国数学家Fermat最先研究了这个问题,不过他只研究了三角形的情形。即指出了:在各顶角均小于120°的三角形中存在着唯一的到各顶点距离之和为最小的点,这一点就是形内对此三角形各边张角均为120°的点。对一般的凸n边形,有相应的命题: 如果一凸n边形内存在一点满足性质:此点至这n边形的各顶点所引的单位矢量之和为0,则这一点是此n边形内唯一的Fermat点。上述结论可以用数学分析的方法加以证明,即借助多元函数的极值理论。但是,似乎还一直未出现过这个一般性问题的初等证明,本文则将对此给出一个简明的初等几何证明。为了利于叙述和证明,这里用另一方式叙述上命题的条件,这要用到关于复数的一些简单知识。先给     

关于多胞形一个新仿射不变量的应用

用组合极值方法导出了n维欧氏空间中关于原点对称的一个凸多胞形子类上一个新的仿射不变量(最近由Lutwak,Yang和Zhang引入)的解析表达式,并给出了其在凸多胞形Minkowski问题的一个应用．     

New affine measures of symmetry for convex bodies

Grünbaum introduced measures of symmetry for convex bodies that measure how far a given convex body is from a centrally symmetric one. Here, we introduce new measures of symmetry that measure how far a given convex body is from one with “enough symmetries”.To define these new measures of symmetry, we use affine covariant points. We give examples of convex bodies whose affine covariant points are “far apart”. In particular, we give an example of a convex body whose centroid and Santaló point are “far apart”.     

Some comments on floating and centroid bodies in the plane

Consider a long, convex, homogenous cylinder with horizontal axis and with a planar convex body K as transversal section. Suppose the cylinder is immersed in water and let \(K_w\) be the wet part of K. In this paper we study some properties of the locus of the centroid of \(K_w\) and prove an analogous result to Klamkin–Flanders’ theorem when the locus is a circle. We also study properties of bodies floating at equilibrium when either the origin or the centroid of the body is pinned at the water line. In some sense this is the floating body problem for a density varying continuously. Finally, in the last section we give an isoperimetric type inequality for the perimeter of the centroid body (defined by C. M. Petty in Pacific J Math 11:1535–1547, 1961) of convex bodies in the plane.     

Centroids, Centers, Medians: What is the Difference?

Consider a finite subset F of a real normed space. In this paper we try to evaluate the largest possible distance between pairs of points which are, for F, the centroid, a center, or a median. The results seem to show that only when X is a two-dimensional, strictly convex space, or when X is a Hilbert space, what the geometrical intuition indicates is more or less true. We give some examples showing some of the 'pathological' situations which can arise. Also, we indicate some open problems.     

New results on affine invariant points

We prove a conjecture of B. Grünbaum stating that the set of affine invariant points of a convex body equals the set of points invariant under all affine linear symmetries of the convex body. As a consequence we give a short proof of the fact that the affine space of affine linear points is infinite dimensional. In particular, we show that the set of affine invariant points with no dual is of the second category. We investigate extremal cases for a class of symmetry measures. We show that the centers of the John and Löwner ellipsoids can be far apart and we give the optimal order for the extremal distance between the two centers.     

Clustering reduced interval data using Hausdorff distance

Summary  In the last decade, factorial and clustering techniques have been developed to analyze multidimensional interval data (MIDs). In classic data analysis, PCA and clustering of the most significant components are usually performed to extract cluster structure from data. The clustering of the projected data is then performed, once the noise is filtered out, in a subspace generated by few orthogonal variables. In the framework of interval data analysis, we propose the same strategy. Several computational questions arise from this generalization. First of all, the representation of data onto a factorial subspace: in classic data analysis projected points remain points, but projected MIDs do not remains MIDs. Further, the choice of a distance between the represented data: many distances between points can be computed, few distances between convex sets of points are defined. We here propose optimized techniques for representing data by convex shapes, for computing the Hausdorff distance between convex shapes, based on an L ₂ norm, and for performing a hierarchical clustering of projected data.     

On a normed version of a Rogers–Shephard type problem

A translation body of a convex body is the convex hull of two of its translates intersecting each other. In the 1950s, Rogers and Shephard found the extremal values, over the family of n-dimensional convex bodies, of the maximal volume of the translation bodies of a given convex body. In our paper, we introduce a normed version of this problem, and for the planar case, determine the corresponding quantities for the four types of volumes regularly used in the literature: Busemann, Holmes–Thompson, and Gromov’s mass and mass*. We examine the problem also for higher dimensions, and for centrally symmetric convex bodies.     

Probabilistic matching of planar regions

We analyze a probabilistic algorithm for matching shapes modeled by planar regions under translations and rigid motions (rotation and translation). Given shapes A and B, the algorithm computes a transformation t such that with high probability the area of overlap of t(A) and B is close to maximal. In the case of polygons, we give a time bound that does not depend significantly on the number of vertices, but on perimeter and area of the shapes and, in the case of rigid motions, also on the diameter.     

Measure-Valued Valuations and Mixed Curvature Measures of Convex Bodies

We prove a polynomial expansion for measure-valued functionals which are translation covariant on the set of convex bodies. The coefficients are measures on product spaces. We then apply this construction to the curvature measures of convex bodies and obtain mixed curvature measures for bodies in general relative position. These are used to generalize an integral geometric formula for nonintersecting convex bodies. Finally, we introduce support measures relative to a quite general structuring body B and describe connections between the different types of measures.     

Asymptotic Shapes of large Cells in Random Tessellations

We establish a close relationship between isoperimetric inequalities for convex bodies and asymptotic shapes of large random polytopes, which arise as cells in certain random mosaics in d-dimensional Euclidean space. These mosaics are generated by Poisson hyperplane processes satisfying a few natural assumptions (not necessarily stationarity or isotropy). The size of large cells is measured by a class of general functionals. The main result implies that the asymptotic shapes of large cells are completely determined by the extremal bodies of an inequality of isoperimetric type, which connects the size functional and the expected number of hyperplanes of the generating process hitting a given convex body. We obtain exponential estimates for the conditional probability of large deviations of zero cells from asymptotic or limit shapes, under the condition that the cells have large size. This work was supported in part by the European Network PHD, FP6 Marie Curie Actions, RTN, Contract MCRN-511953. Received: May 2005 Accepted: September 2005