数项级数的收敛与重排

讨论了级数重排问题,在条件收敛级数与其重排级数的项之间增加一定的约束,可以得到原级数与重排级数收敛到同一数值的结论.     

应用傅立叶级数求常数项级数的和

求常数项级数的和是高等数学的重要内容之一,利用幂级数求常数项级数的和是常用的方法,把求常数项级数的和转化为求某一个幂级数的和函数,但有些级数的求和不能用这一方法进行．本文通过两个实例介绍利用傅立叶级数求常数项级数和的方法,寻找一个合适的函数并将其展开为傅立叶级数,利用此傅立叶级数求常数项级数的和．     

数项级数和的几种典型求法

借助实例介绍利用级数收敛和数列极限存在的关系并结合阿贝尔变换求数项级数和的方法、利用幂级数和傅里叶级数的和函数在某点的函数值来求数项级数和的方法、利用基本初等函数的泰勒级数公式求数项级数和的方法.     

泰勒级数 傅里叶级数 沃尔什级数的比较分析

从泰勒公式的概念入手,介绍泰勒级数、傅里叶级数和沃尔什级数的基本概念,通过在函数逼近中的效果对比,说明泰勒级数、傅里叶级数和沃尔什级数在函数逼近应用中的异同.     

数项级数拾零

在数项级数中,正项级数居于首要地位,它的判敛法最多。负项级数很容易转化为正项级数来讨论。从而,仅有有限多个正项或仅有有限多个负项的级数的敛散性都可以归结为正项级数的敛散性来讨论。我们不妨称上述级数为     

关于级数的求和方法

高等数学关于级数的研究中，讨论了常数项级数的敛散性以及函数项级数的收敛域．但对收敛的常数项级数的求和以及在收敛域内如何求函数项级数的和函数讨论不多．级数的求和方法比较多，技巧性也比较强，下面介绍常用的有效的级数求和方法。     

P-adic数域Qp上的级数理论

主要研究了P-adic数域上无穷级数的收敛问题,给出了P-adic数域上数项级数,函数项级数收敛的充要条件,并作了完整的证明.得到了P-adic数域上级数收敛比实数域上级数收敛更容易判断的结论.     

数项级数敛散性的判别程序与正项级数的地位和作用

作者曾给出过数项级数敛散性的判别程序,本文对原有框图进行了修改和补充．从框图中不仅可以了解到级数收敛的定义,级数收敛的必要条件、交错级数的莱布尼兹定理以及绝对收敛与收敛的关系,更能体会到正项级数在数项级数中的重要地位．事实上,对一般的级数,如果用正项级数的比值或根值审敛法判定收敛,则收敛;若发散,则发散（只要注意到比值或根值审敛法的证明过程就不难推出这一点）．正是由于这个原因,正项级数在函数项级数的研究中起着十分重要的作用．一、数项级数敛散性的判别程序二、止坝级数在由数坝线教甲同作用众所周知,定…     

在定义级数乘法的基础上讨论乘积级数敛散性

一些微积分教材没有对级数乘积的定义．而是直接研究两个级数的项所有可能的乘积组成的级数。在此情形下讨论两级数相乘的条件并无意义。而且难免会给教学带来不便．基于这样的考虑．应首先定义两级数的乘积级数．再在此基础上讨论乘积级数与原级数的敛散性关系．     

以“曲径通幽”的方式讲解傅里叶级数

不同于教材中的讲解方法，在实际教学中先讲正弦级数和余弦级数后过渡到一般的傅里叶级数.这种做法有助于学生掌握傅里叶级数所蕴含的思想方法.     

白骨化尸体死亡时间的推断

本文分析了15具白骨化尸体标本的股骨汞(Hg),铅(Pb),镉(Cd)元素含量数据,在三年的时间内采集了3次,一共收集到45个数据。首先将这组数据看着纵向数据,利用线性随机效应混合模型、Cox随机混合效应模型进行分析,结果显示,如果对每个白骨化尸体标本建立线性模型,可以精确预测出死亡时间,而且不需要采集铅元素含量数据。混合效应模型的预测效果也很好,最大误差不会超过1个月。其次我们对数据不作任何假设,利用机器学习中随机森林方法分析数据,并利用5折交叉验证方法来判断结果的可靠性,训练集和测试集的NMSE分别为0.1205944,0.5604286,因此可以用训练出的模型来预测死亡时间。     

Convergence of densities of some functionals of Gaussian processes

The aim of this paper is to establish the uniform convergence of the densities of a sequence of random variables, which are functionals of an underlying Gaussian process, to a normal density. Precise estimates for the uniform distance are derived by using the techniques of Malliavin calculus, combined with Stein?s method for normal approximation. We need to assume some non-degeneracy conditions. First, the study is focused on random variables in a fixed Wiener chaos, and later, the results are extended to the uniform convergence of the derivatives of the densities and to the case of random vectors in some fixed chaos, which are uniformly non-degenerate in the sense of Malliavin calculus. Explicit upper bounds for the uniform norm are obtained for random variables in the second Wiener chaos, and an application to the convergence of densities of the least square estimator for the drift parameter in Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes is discussed.     

L－fuzzy集网的R－收敛性质

本文在ＬＦ拓扑空间中建立了Ｌ－ｆｕｚｚｙ集网的弱收敛（Ｒ－收敛）概念，应用文［４］中的Ｒ－闭包，系统讨论了它们的性质，证明了等式ＲｌｉｍＡ＿ｎ＝∧（∨Ａ＿ｍ）＿Ｒ和ＲｌｉｍＡ＿ｎ＝Ａ＿ｎ＝∧（∨Ａ＿ｍ）＿Ｒ并且给出了Ｌ－ｆｕｚｚｙ集网与其子网之间的关系。     

有资格限制的指派问题的求解方法

在实际的指派工作中，常会遇到某个人有没有资格去承担某项工作的问题，因此，本建立了有资格限制的指派问题的数学模型。在此数学模型中，将效益矩阵转化为判定矩阵，由此给出了判定此种指派问题是否有解的方法；在有解的情况下，进一步将效益矩阵转化为求解矩阵，从而将有资格限制的指派问题化为传统的指派问题来求解。最后给出了一个数值例子来说明这样的处理方法是有效的。     

Admissibility of estimators of the probability of unobserved outcomes

The problem of estimating the probability of unobserved outcomes or, as it is sometimes called, the conditional probability of a new species, is studied. Good's estimator, which is essentially the same as Robbins' estimator, namely the number of singleton species observed divided by the sample size, is studied from a decision theory point of view. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When the total number of different species is assumed bounded by some known number, Good's and Robbins' estimators are inadmissible for squared error loss. (2) If the number of different species can be infinite, Good's and Robbins' estimators are admissible for squared error loss. (3) Whereas Robbins' estimator is a UMVUE for theunconditional probability of a new species obtained in one extra sample point, Robbins' estimator is not a uniformly minimum mean squared error unbiased estimator of the conditional probability of a new species. This answers a question raised by Robbins. (4) It is shown that for Robbins' model and squared error loss, there are admissible Bayes estimators which do not depend only on a minimal sufficient statistic. A discussion of interpretations and significance of the results is offered. Research supported by NSF Grant DMS-88-22622.     

碾压混凝土坝施工层面变形分析模型

针对碾压混凝土坝施工层面对大坝变形产生显著影响的问题,深入研究了施工层面的变化性质及规律,提出了层面不同阶段变形的模拟方法,建立了施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型,提出的模型能反映层面的弹性变形、衰减蠕变、不可逆变形以及加速蠕变等变形状态．实例分析表明:所提出的碾压混凝土坝施工层面有厚度和无厚度分析模型能较客观地模拟大坝的结构变化形态,尤其是施工层面有厚度分析模型较完整地模拟了层面的渐变规律,其计算结果与原位监测成果吻合较好．同时,提出的方法和建立的分析模型可推广应用于常规混凝土坝,特别是坝基内断层和夹层等变形规律的分析．     

一类二分图的k-匹配数

设G是一个具有二分类(X_1,X_2)的简单偶图,|X_1|=|X_2|=n,如果对于给定的c>0,|M(S)|≥(1+c)|S|对任意满足|S|≤n/2的S(?)X_i(i=1,2)都成立,其中N(S)是S的邻集,则称G是(n,c)-扩张图.给出了(n,c)-扩张图的k-匹配数与完美匹配数之比的顺从界.     

Analytic description of statistics of spectra of quantum graphs

We discuss how to obtain exact and approximate distributions for various statistical characteristics of the spectra of quantum graphs using previously found exact solutions of the spectral problem. We indicate the relation between the appearing spectral decompositions and the theory of weakly dependent random variables and indicate the relation between the known limit theorems for trigonometric sums and the universal statistical properties of the spectra of quantum chaotic systems. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 156, No. 1, pp. 38–66, July, 2008.     

Variational analysis of functions of the roots of polynomials

The Gauss-Lucas Theorem on the roots of polynomials nicely simplifies the computation of the subderivative and regular subdifferential of the abscissa mapping on polynomials (the maximum of the real parts of the roots). This paper extends this approach to more general functions of the roots. By combining the Gauss-Lucas methodology with an analysis of the splitting behavior of the roots, we obtain characterizations of the subderivative and regular subdifferential for these functions as well. In particular, we completely characterize the subderivative and regular subdifferential of the radius mapping (the maximum of the moduli of the roots). The abscissa and radius mappings are important for the study of continuous and discrete time linear dynamical systems. Dedicated to R. Tyrrell Rockafellar on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Terry is one of those rare individuals who combine a broad vision, deep insight, and the outstanding writing and lecturing skills crucial for engaging others in his subject. With these qualities he has won universal respect as a founding father of our discipline. We, and the broader mathematical community, owe Terry a great deal. But most of all we are personally thankful to Terry for his friendship and guidance. Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0203175. Research supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-0412049.     

On Sums of Coefficients of Products of Polynomials

We study the nilpotency of the sums of all coefficients of some sorts of products of polynomials over reversible, IFP, and NI rings, and introduce an SCN ring as a generalization. We characterize SCN rings in relation with related ring properties, and also provide several useful properties and ring extensions of SCN rings.