Frattini子群是无限循环群的有限生成幂零群

完整地确定了Frattini子群是无限循环群的有限生成幂零群的结构,证明了下面的定理.设G是有限生成幂零群,则G的Frattini子群是无限循环群当且仅当G可以分解为G=S×F×T,其中F是秩为s的自由Abel群,T=Z_m_1⊕Zm_2⊕…⊕Z_m_u,m_1,m_2,…,m_u都是大于1的没有平方因子的自然数,m_1|m_2|…|m_u,■式中d_1,d_2,…,d_r都是正整数,d_1|d_2|…|d_r.进一步,(d_1,d2,…,d_r;s;m_1…,m_2,…,m_u)是群G的同构不变量,即若群H也是Frattini子群是无限循环群的有限生成幂零群,那么G同构于H的充要条件是它们有相同的不变量.     

有限秩的幂零群的自同构

设幂零群G=KP=PK,其中P是有限秩的幂零π-群,K是G的有限秩的π′-自由的正规子群.π不属于K的谱Sp(K),设1=ζ0Gζ1G…ζcG=G是G的上中心列,α和β是G的两个自同构,把α和β在每个商因子ζiG/ζ(i—1)G上的诱导自同构分别记为αi和βi,记Ii:=Im(αiβi—βiαi),则(i)当每个Ii都是有限循环群,并且I:=〈(αβ(g))(βα(g))(-1)|g∈G〉是G的有限子群时,α和β生成一个可解的几乎Abel群.(ii)当每个Ii或者是有限循环群,或者是秩1的可除群,或者是C⊕D,其中C是循环群,D是秩1的可除群,或者是无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii有正规子群列1JiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群,无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii=D⊕Ji,其中D是秩1的可除群,Ji为无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii有正规列1KiJiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群,秩1的可除群,无挠的局部循环群时,β和β生成一个可解的NAF-群.特别地,如果α和β是A的两个π′-自同构,那么(iii)当每个Ii都是有限循环群,并且I:=〈(αβ(g))(βα(g))(-1)|g∈G〉是有限群时,α和β生成的群是有限幂零π-群被有限Abelπ′-群的扩张.(iv)当每个Ii或者是有限循环群,或者是秩1的可除群,或者是C⊕D,其中C是循环群,D是秩1的可除群时,α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限π∪π′-群,它是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限可解π∪π′-群的扩张.(v)当每个Ii或者是有限循环群,或者是秩1的可除群,或者是C⊕D,其中C是循环群,D是秩1的可除群,或者是无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii有正规子群列1JiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群,无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii=D⊕Ji,其中D是秩1的可除群,Ji为无挠的局部循环群,或者Ii有正规列1KiJiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群,秩1的可除群,无挠的局部循环群时,α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限π∪π′-群,它的幂零长度至多是4.当K是FC-群时,在情形(v)中,α和β生成的群是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限可解π∪π′-群的扩张.此外,如果G=KP,K是一个FC-群,对G的下中心列考虑了类似的问题,得到了对偶的结果.     

有限秩的幂零群的自同构(Ⅱ)

设幂零群G=KP=PK,其中P是有限秩的幂零p-群,K是G的有限秩的p-自由的正规子群,p不属于K的谱Sp(K).设1=ζ0Gζ1G···ζcG=G是G的上中心列,α和β是G的两个p-自同构,把α,β在每个ζiG/ζi-1G上的诱导自同构分别记为αi和βi,又记Ii:=Im(αiβi-βiαi),则(i)如果每个Ii都是有限循环群,并且I:=(αβ(g))(βα(g))-1|g∈G是G的有限子群,那么α和β生成一个有限p-群;(ii)如果Ii或为有限循环群,或为拟循环p-群,或为Zpn⊕Zp∞对某自然数n,那么α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,它是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限p-群的扩张;(iii)如果Ii或为有限循环群,或为拟循环p-群,或为Zpn⊕Zp∞,或为无挠的局部幂零群,或Ii有正规列1JiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群、无挠的局部幂零群,或Ii=Zp∞⊕Ji,Ji为无挠的局部幂零群,或Ii有正规列1KiJiIi,其商因子分别为有限循环群、拟循环p-群、无挠的局部循环群,那么α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,它的幂零长度至多是3.特别地,当K是一个FC-群时,在情形(iii),α和β生成的群也是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限p-群的扩张.此外,如果G=KP里,K是一个FC-群,对G的下中心列考虑了类似的问题,得到了"对偶"的结果.     

关于多重循环群的两个结果

设G是个有限生成的超Abel群,若G满足下列的条件之一(i)G的2一生成的子群都是多重循环群;(ii)G/Z     

广义超特殊p-群的自同构群(Ⅱ)

重新确定了广义超特殊p-群G的自同构群的结构.设|G|=p~(2n+m),|ζG|=p~m,其中n≥1,m≥2,Aut_cG是AutG中平凡地作用在ζG上的元素形成的正规子群,则(i)若p是奇素数,则AutG=〈θ〉×Aut_cG,其中θ的阶是(p-1)p~(m-1);若p=2,则AutG=〈θ_1,θ_2〉×Aut_cG,其中〈θ_1,θ_2〉=〈θ_1〉×〈θ_2〉≌Z_(2m-2)×Z_2.(ii)如果G的幂指数是p~m,那么Aut_cG/InnG≌Sp(2n,p).(iii)如果G的幂指数是p~(m+1),那么Aut_cG/InnG≌K×Sp(2n-2,p),其中K是p~(2n-1)阶超特殊p-群(若p是奇素数)或者初等Abel 2-群.特别地,当n=1时,Aut_cG/InnG≌Z_p.     

H-子群与有限群的幂零性

研究sylow子群的H-子群与有限群结构之间的关系.考察了极小子群属于Z_∞(G)且4阶循环子群属于H(G)的有限群,得到了有限群幂零性的一些刻画.     

有限秩的幂零群的自同构(Ⅰ)

研究了有限秩的幂零群的自同构,证明了定理设幂零群G=KP,其中P是有限秩的幂零p-群,K是G的有限秩的p′-自由的正规子群,p不属于K的谱S_p(K).设α和β是G的两个p-自同构,记I:= <(αβ(g))·(βα(g))~(-1)|g∈G>,则(i)当I是有限循环群时,α和β生成一个有限p-群;在下列2种情形下,α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,它是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限p-群的扩张.(ii)当I=Z_p∞时;(iii)当I=Z_pm⊕Z_p∞时;在下列4种情形下,α和β也生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,它的幂零长度至多是3.(iv)当I是无挠的局部循环群时;(v)当I有子群列1相似文献   

一类p′-自由的幂零群的p-自同构(Ⅱ)

设G=KP,其中K是有限生成的p′-自由的幂零群,P是有限秩的幂零p-群,并且[K,P]=1,即G是K和P的中心积,α和β是G的两个p-自同构,记I:=〈(αβ(g))·(βα(g))~(-1)|g∈G〉,则(i)当I=Z_(p~n)(?)Z_(p~∞)时,α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,它是有限生成的无挠幂零群被有限p-群的扩张;在下列3种情形下,α和β生成一个可解的剩余有限p-群,其幂零长度不超过3.(ii)当I=Z(?)Z_(p~∞)时;(iii)当I有正规列1相似文献   

亚循环p群的p次中心扩张(Ⅰ)

设N,H是任意的群.若存在群G,它具有正规子群■,使得■且■,则称群G为N被H的中心扩张.完全给出了当|N|=p,H为奇阶亚循环p群时,N被H的中心扩张得到的所有不同构的群.     

关于有限指数Abel群的一个定理

在 Abel 群的理论中,有限指数的群是一类重要的群.与它相联系有下面两个著名的定理:定理 A ([1],156页),有限指数的 Abel p-群是循环群的直和.定理 B ([1],162页).Abel 群 G 的纯子群 H 若为有限指数,则 H 为 G 的直加项.这篇短文给出有限指数 Abel 群 G 与其 Frattini 子群Φ(G)有关的一个有意义的性     

All Groups are Outer Automorphism Groups of Simple Groups

It is shown that each group is the outer automorphism groupof a simple group. Surprisingly, the proof is mainly based onthe theory of ordered or relational structures and their symmetrygroups. By a recent result of Droste and Shelah, any group isthe outer automorphism group Out (Aut T) of the automorphismgroup Aut T of a doubly homogeneous chain (T, ). However, AutT is never simple. Following recent investigations on automorphismgroups of circles, it is possible to turn (T, ) into a circleC such that Out (Aut T) Out (Aut C). The unavoidable normalsubgroups in Aut T evaporate in Aut C, which is now simple,and the result follows.     

Cyclic Groups as Autocommutator Groups

This article classifies the groups X whose autocommutator subgroup [X, Aut(X)] is isomorphic to ? and the finite groups X for which [X, Aut(X)] ? C _p has a prime number p of elements.     

Stable Groups and Algebraic Groups

A certain property of some type-definable subgroups of superstablegroups with finite U-rank is closely related to the Mordell–Langconjecture. This property is discussed in the context of algebraicgroups.     

双曲群,自动机群与群的Dehn函数

本文第一部分对组台群论的发展史作了一个简要的回顾．然后重点介绍近20年来组合群论领域中的三个热点课题：即双曲群，自动机群和群的Dehn函数的有关概念，并对相关的重要研究成果给予概述，其中包括作者本人在群的二阶Dehn函数的研究工作中的若干成果．最后提出9个公开问题。     

Gaussian Groups and Garside Groups, Two Generalisations of Artin Groups

It is known that a number of algebraic properties of the braidgroups extend to arbitrary finite Coxeter-type Artin groups.Here we show how to extend the results to more general groupsthat we call Garside groups. Define a Gaussian monoid to be a finitely generated cancellativemonoid where the expressions of a given element have boundedlengths, and where left and right lowest common multiples exist.A Garside monoid is a Gaussian monoid in which the left andright lowest common multiples satisfy an additional symmetrycondition. A Gaussian group is the group of fractions of a Gaussianmonoid, and a Garside group is the group of fractions of a Garsidemonoid. Braid groups and, more generally, finite Coxeter-typeArtin groups are Garside groups. We determine algorithmic criteriain terms of presentations for recognizing Gaussian and Garsidemonoids and groups, and exhibit infinite families of such groups.We describe simple algorithms that solve the word problem ina Gaussian group, show that these algorithms have a quadraticcomplexity if the group is a Garside group, and prove that Garsidegroups have quadratic isoperimetric inequalities. We constructnormal forms for Gaussian groups, and prove that, in the caseof a Garside group, the language of normal forms is regular,symmetric, and geodesic, has the 5-fellow traveller property,and has the uniqueness property. This shows in particular thatGarside groups are geodesically fully biautomatic. Finally,we consider an automorphism of a finite Coxeter-type Artin groupderived from an automorphism of its defining Coxeter graph,and prove that the subgroup of elements fixed by this automorphismis also a finite Coxeter-type Artin group that can be explicitlydetermined. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: primary20F05, 20F36; secondary 20B40, 20M05.     

幂群与它的生成群

设г是G上的幂群,即以G的非空子集为元素,在G的子集的运算之下所成的群.P_1,P_2是这样的两个性质 P_1:对任意g∈G,存g∈G,存在A∈г,使得g∈A. P_2:对任意A,B∈г,如果A≠B,则A∩B=φ. 本文得出了群G上的幂群г分别具有性质P_1或P_2的充要条件.     

Finite Groups Close to Frobenius Groups

Siberian Mathematical Journal - We study finite nonsoluble generalized Frobenius groups; i.e., the groups G with a proper nontrivial normal subgroup F such that each coset Fx of prime order p, as...     

Homotopy Groups of Spheres and Lipschitz Homotopy Groups of Heisenberg Groups

We provide a sufficient condition for the nontriviality of the Lipschitz homotopy group of the Heisenberg group, ${\pi_m^{\rm Lip}(\mathbb{H}_n)}$ , in terms of properties of the classical homotopy group of the sphere, ${\pi_m(\mathbb{S}^n)}$ . As an application we provide a new simplified proof of the fact that ${\pi_n^{\rm Lip}(\mathbb{H}_n)\neq \{0\}, n=1,2,\ldots}$ , and we prove a new result that ${\pi_{4n-1}^{\rm Lip}(\mathbb{H}_{2n})\neq \{0\}}$ for n = 1,2,… The last result is based on a new generalization of the Hopf invariant. We also prove that Lipschitz mappings are not dense in the Sobolev space ${W^{1,p}(\mathcal{M},\mathbb{H}_{2n})}$ when ${\dim \mathcal{M} \geq 4n}$ and 4n?1 ≤  p < 4n.