Symmetric word equations in two positive definite letters

For every symmetric (``palindromic") word in two positive definite letters and for each fixed -by- positive definite and , it is shown that the symmetric word equation has an -by- positive definite solution . Moreover, if and are real, there is a real solution . The notion of symmetric word is generalized to allow non-integer exponents, with certain limitations. In some cases, the solution is unique, but, in general, uniqueness is an open question. Applications and methods for finding solutions are also discussed.

     

Control of radii of convergence and extension of subanalytic functions

Let : denote a real analytic function on an open subset of , and let denote the points where does not admit a local analytic extension. We show that if is semialgebraic (respectively, globally subanalytic), then is semialgebraic (respectively, subanalytic) and extends to a semialgebraic (respectively, subanalytic) neighbourhood of . (In the general subanalytic case, is not necessarily subanalytic.) Our proof depends on controlling the radii of convergence of power series centred at points in the image of an analytic mapping , in terms of the radii of convergence of at points , where denotes the Taylor expansion of at .

     

Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem for arbitrary closed subgroups

Let be a nondegenerate coaction of on a -algebra , and let be a closed subgroup of . The dual action is proper and saturated in the sense of Rieffel, and the generalised fixed-point algebra is the crossed product of by the homogeneous space . The resulting Morita equivalence is a version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem which requires neither amenability nor normality of .

     

Pure Picard-Vessiot extensions with generic properties

Given a connected linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, we construct a pure Picard-Vessiot extension for , namely, a Picard-Vessiot extension , with differential Galois group , such that and are purely differentially transcendental over . The differential field is the quotient field of a -stable proper differential subring with the property that if is any differential field with field of constants and is a Picard-Vessiot extension with differential Galois group a connected subgroup of , then there is a differential homomorphism such that is generated over as a differential field by .

     

-adic -basis and regular local ring

We introduce the concept of -adic -basis as an extension of the concept of -basis. Let be a regular local ring of prime characteristic and a ring such that . Then we prove that is a regular local ring if and only if there exists an -adic -basis of and is Noetherian.

     

Double covering of curves

Let be a smooth projective algebraic curve of genus and an integer with . For all integers we prove the existence of a double covering with a smooth curve of genus and the existence of a degree morphism that does not factor through . By the Castelnuovo-Severi inequality, the result is sharp (except perhaps the bound ).

     

Approximate fixed point sequences and convergence theorems for Lipschitz pseudocontractive maps

Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Banach space and be a Lipschitz pseudocontractive self-map of with . An iterative sequence is constructed for which as . If, in addition, is assumed to be bounded, this conclusion still holds without the requirement that Moreover, if, in addition, has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm and is such that every closed bounded convex subset of has the fixed point property for nonexpansive self-mappings, then the sequence converges strongly to a fixed point of . Our iteration method is of independent interest.

     

Bundles with periodic maps and mod Chern polynomial

Suppose that is a vector bundle with a linear periodic map of period ; the map is assumed free on the outside of the -section. A polynomial , called a mod Chern polynomial of , is defined. It is analogous to the Stiefel-Whitney polynomial defined by Dold for real vector bundles with the antipodal involution. The mod Chern polynomial can be used to measure the size of the periodic coincidence set for fibre preserving maps of the unit sphere bundle of into another vector bundle.

     

Dendrites and light mappings

It is shown that a metric continuum is a dendrite if and only if for every compact space (continuum) and for every light confluent mapping such that there is a copy of in for which the restriction is a homeomorphism. As a corollary it follows that only dendrites have the lifting property with respect to light confluent mappings. Other classes of mappings are also discussed. This is a continuation of a previous study by the authors (2000), where open mappings were considered.

     

The influence of deterministic noise on empirical measures generated by stationary processes

We consider weak convergence of empirical measures generated by stationary random process perturbed by deterministic noise . We assume that the noise has asymptotic distribution. In particular, we demonstrate that if the process is ergodic, or satisfies some mixing assumptions, then the influence of deterministic noise on is the same as it would be if were stochastic. Such results are of importance when investigating fluctuations and convex rearrangements of stochastic processes.

     

Real rank and squaring mappings for unital -algebras

It is proved that if is a compact Hausdorff space of Lebesgue dimension , then the squaring mapping , defined by , is open if and only if . Hence the Lebesgue dimension of can be detected from openness of the squaring maps . In the case it is proved that the map , from the selfadjoint elements of a unital -algebra into its positive elements, is open if and only if is isomorphic to for some compact Hausdorff space with .

     

Distinguished representations and poles of twisted tensor -functions

Let be a quadratic extension of -adic fields. If is an admissible representation of that is parabolically induced from discrete series representations, then we prove that the space of -invariant linear functionals on has dimension one, where is the mirabolic subgroup. As a corollary, it is deduced that if is distinguished by , then the twisted tensor -function associated to has a pole at . It follows that if is a discrete series representation, then at most one of the representations and is distinguished, where is an extension of the local class field theory character associated to . This is in agreement with a conjecture of Flicker and Rallis that relates the set of distinguished representations with the image of base change from a suitable unitary group.

     

Critical exponents of discrete groups and -spectrum

Let be a noncompact semisimple Lie group and an arbitrary discrete, torsion-free subgroup of . Let be the bottom of the spectrum of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the locally symmetric space , and let be the exponent of growth of . If has rank , then these quantities are related by a well-known formula due to Elstrodt, Patterson, Sullivan and Corlette. In this note we generalize that relation to the higher rank case by estimating from above and below by quadratic polynomials in . As an application we prove a rigiditiy property of lattices.

     

Strong comparison principle for solutions of quasilinear equations

Let , , be a bounded smooth connected open set and be a map satisfying the hypotheses (H1)-(H4) below. Let with , in and with be two weak solutions of

Suppose that in . Then we show that u_1$"> in under the following assumptions: either u_1$"> on , or on and in . We also show a measure-theoretic version of the Strong Comparison Principle.

     

Uncountable categoricity for gross models

A model is said to be gross if all infinite definable sets in have the same cardinality (as ). We prove that if for some uncountable , has a unique gross model of cardinality , then for any uncountable , has a unique gross model of cardinality .

     

The splitting problem for subspaces of tensor products of operator algebras

The main result of this paper is that if is a von Neumann algebra that is a factor and has the weak* operator approximation property (the weak* OAP), and if is a von Neumann algebra, then every -weakly closed subspace of that is an -bimodule (under multiplication) splits, in the sense that there is a -weakly closed subspace of such that . Note that if is a von Neumann subalgebra of , then is an -bimodule if and only if . So this result is a generalization (in the case where has the weak* OAP) of the result of Ge and Kadison that if is a factor, then every von Neumann subalgebra of that contains splits. We also obtain other results concerning the splitting of -weakly closed subspaces of tensor products of von Neumann algebras and the splitting of normed closed subspaces of C*-algebras that generalize results previously obtained for von Neumann subalgebras and C*-subalgebras.

     

Hecke algebras for the basic characters of the unitriangular group

Let denote the unitriangular group of degree over the finite field with elements. In a previous paper we obtained a decomposition of the regular character of as an orthogonal sum of basic characters. In this paper, we study the irreducible constituents of an arbitrary basic character of . We prove that is induced from a linear character of an algebra subgroup of , and we use the Hecke algebra associated with this linear character to describe the irreducible constituents of as characters induced from an algebra subgroup of . Finally, we identify a special irreducible constituent of , which is also induced from a linear character of an algebra subgroup. In particular, we extend a previous result (proved under the assumption where is the characteristic of the field) that gives a necessary and sufficient condition for to have a unique irreducible constituent.

     

Some numerical invariants of local rings

Let be a formal power series ring over a field of characteristic zero and any ideal. The aim of this work is to introduce some numerical invariants of the local rings by using the theory of algebraic -modules. More precisely, we will prove that the multiplicities of the characteristic cycle of the local cohomology modules and , where is any prime ideal that contains , are invariants of .

     

On the norm of an idempotent Schur multiplier on the Schatten class

We show that if the norm of an idempotent Schur multiplier on the Schatten class lies sufficiently close to , then it is necessarily equal to . We also give a simple characterization of those idempotent Schur multipliers on whose norm is .

     

On the invariance of classes under composition

The necessary and sufficient condition for to be in the class for every of that class whose range is in the domain of is that be in .