Implicit Shape Reconstruction of Unorganized Points Using PDE-Based Deformable 3D Manifolds

<正>In this work we consider the problem of shape reconstruction from an unorganized data set which has many important applications in medical imaging,scientific computing,reverse engineering and geometric modelling.The reconstructed surface is obtained by continuously deforming an initial surface following the Partial Differential Equation(PDE)-based diffusion model derived by a minimal volume-like variational formulation.The evolution is driven both by the distance from the data set and by the curvature analytically computed by it.The distance function is computed by implicit local interpolants defined in terms of radial basis functions.Space discretization of the PDE model is obtained by finite co-volume schemes and semi-implicit approach is used in time/scale.The use of a level set method for the numerical computation of the surface reconstruction allows us to handle complex geometry and even changing topology, without the need of user-interaction.Numerical examples demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to produce high quality reconstructions.Moreover,we show the effectiveness of the new approach to solve hole filling problems and Boolean operations between different data sets.     

Multivariate quasi-tight framelets with high balancing orders derived from any compactly supported refinable vector functions

Generalizing wavelets by adding desired redundancy and flexibility,framelets(i.e.,wavelet frames)are of interest and importance in many applications such as image processing and numerical algorithms.Several key properties of framelets are high vanishing moments for sparse multiscale representation,fast framelet transforms for numerical efficiency,and redundancy for robustness.However,it is a challenging problem to study and construct multivariate nonseparable framelets,mainly due to their intrinsic connections to factorization and syzygy modules of multivariate polynomial matrices.Moreover,all the known multivariate tight framelets derived from spline refinable scalar functions have only one vanishing moment,and framelets derived from refinable vector functions are barely studied yet in the literature.In this paper,we circumvent the above difficulties through the approach of quasi-tight framelets,which behave almost identically to tight framelets.Employing the popular oblique extension principle(OEP),from an arbitrary compactly supported M-refinable vector functionφwith multiplicity greater than one,we prove that we can always derive fromφa compactly supported multivariate quasi-tight framelet such that:(i)all the framelet generators have the highest possible order of vanishing moments;(ii)its associated fast framelet transform has the highest balancing order and is compact.For a refinable scalar functionφ(i.e.,its multiplicity is one),the above item(ii)often cannot be achieved intrinsically but we show that we can always construct a compactly supported OEP-based multivariate quasi-tight framelet derived fromφsatisfying item(i).We point out that constructing OEP-based quasi-tight framelets is closely related to the generalized spectral factorization of Hermitian trigonometric polynomial matrices.Our proof is critically built on a newly developed result on the normal form of a matrix-valued filter,which is of interest and importance in itself for greatly facilitating the study of refinable vector functions and multiwavelets/multiframelets.This paper provides a comprehensive investigation on OEP-based multivariate quasi-tight multiframelets and their associated framelet transforms with high balancing orders.This deepens our theoretical understanding of multivariate quasi-tight multiframelets and their associated fast multiframelet transforms.     

Singular integral operators on product domains along twisted surfaces

We introduce a class of singular integral operators on product domains along twisted surfaces.We prove that the operators are bounded on L^p provided that the kernels satisfy weak conditions.     

Poisson Stable Solutions for Stochastic Differential Equations with Lévy Noise

In this paper,we use a unified framework to study Poisson stable(including stationary,periodic,quasi-periodic,almost periodic,almost automorphic,Birkhoff recurrent,almost recurrent in the sense of Bebutov,Levitan almost periodic,pseudo-periodic,pseudo-recurrent and Poisson stable)solutions for semilinear stochastic differential equations driven by infinite dimensional L′evy noise with large jumps.Under suitable conditions on drift,diffusion and jump coefficients,we prove that there exist solutions which inherit the Poisson stability of coefficients.Further we show that these solutions are globally asymptotically stable in square-mean sense.Finally,we illustrate our theoretical results by several examples.     

手机套餐问题的一个数学模型

随着信息时代的到来,手机在人们日常工作、社交、经营等社会活动中的作用越来越重要.近年来我国通信业务量飞速增长,手机的功劳更是功不可没.手机资费问题也越来越受到人们的关注,并且对原有的各种资费方案越来越质疑.2007年1月以来上海、北京、广东等地相继推出的手机"套餐"琳琅满目,让人眼花缭乱,人们不能理性分辨手机"套餐"究竟优惠在何处.……     

Kobayashi’s and Teichmuller’s Metrics and Bers Complex Manifold Structure on Circle Diffeomorphisms

Given a modulus of continuity ω,we consider the Teichmuller space TC1+ω as the space of all orientation-preserving circle diffeomorphisms whose derivatives are ω-continuous functions modulo the space of Mobius transformations preserving the unit disk.We study several distortion properties for diffeomorphisms and quasisymmetric homeomorphisms.Using these distortion properties,we give the Bers complex manifold structure on the Teichm(u| ")ller space TC^1+H as the union of over all0 <α≤1,which turns out to be the largest space in the Teichmuller space of C1 orientation-preserving circle diffeomorphisms on which we can assign such a structure.Furthermore,we prove that with the Bers complex manifold structure on TC^1+H ,Kobayashi’s metric and Teichmuller’s metric coincide.     

Difference of a Hauptmodul for Γ0(N ) and certain Gross-Zagier type CM value formulas

In this work, we show that the difference of a Hauptmodul for a genus zero group Γ₀(N) as a modular function on Y₀(N) × Y₀(N) is a Borcherds lift of type(2, 2). As applications, we derive the monster denominator formula like product expansions for these modular functions and certain Gross-Zagier type CM value formulas.     

Populations with individual variation in dispersal in heterogeneous environments: Dynamics and competition with simply diffusing populations

We consider a model for a population in a heterogeneous environment, with logistic-type local population dynamics, under the assumption that individuals can switch between two different nonzero rates of diffusion. Such switching behavior has been observed in some natural systems. We study how environmental heterogeneity and the rates of switching and diffusion affect the persistence of the population. The reactiondiffusion systems in the models can be cooperative at some population densities and competitive at others. The results extend our previous work on similar models in homogeneous environments. We also consider competition between two populations that are ecologically identical, but where one population diffuses at a fixed rate and the other switches between two different diffusion rates. The motivation for that is to gain insight into when switching might be advantageous versus diffusing at a fixed rate. This is a variation on the classical results for ecologically identical competitors with differing fixed diffusion rates, where it is well known that "the slower diffuser wins".     

A SPECTRAL METHOD FOR A WEAKLY SINGULAR VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH PANTOGRAPH DELAY

In this paper,a Jacobi-collocation spectral method is developed for a Volterraintegro-differential equation with delay,which contains a weakly singular kernel.We use a function transformation and a variable transformation to change the equation into a new Volterra integral equation defined on the standard interval [-1,1],so that the Jacobi orthogonal polynomial theory can be applied conveniently.In order to obtain high order accuracy for the approximation,the integral term in the resulting equat...     

Solitary Wave Solutions of Some Nonlinear Physical Models Using Riccati Equation Approach

Riccati equation approach is used to look for exact travelling wave solutions of some nonlinear physical models.Solitary wave solutions are established for the modified KdV equation,the Boussinesq equation and the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation.New generalized solitary wave solutions with some free parameters are derived.The obtained solutions,which includes some previously known solitary wave solutions and some new ones,are expressed by a composition of Riccati differential equation solutions followed by a polynomial.The employed approach,which is straightforward and concise,is expected to be further employed in obtaining new solitary wave solutions for nonlinear physical problems.     

Asymptotics for the minimization of a Ginzburg-Landau functional

LetΩ ? ?² be a smooth bounded simply connected domain. Consider the functional $$E_\varepsilon (u) = \frac{1}{2}\int\limits_\Omega {\left| {\nabla u} \right|^2 + \frac{1}{{4\varepsilon ^2 }}} \int\limits_\Omega {(|u|^2 - 1)^2 } $$ on the classH _g ¹ ={u εH ¹(Ω; ?);u=g on ?Ω} whereg:?Ω? → ? is a prescribed smooth map with ¦g¦=1 on ?Ω? and deg(g, ?Ω)=0. Let uu _ε be a minimizer for E_ε onH _g ¹ . We prove that u_ε → u₀ in \(C^{1,\alpha } (\bar \Omega )\) as ε → 0, where u₀ is identified. Moreover \(\left\| {u_\varepsilon - u_0 } \right\|_{L^\infty } \leqslant C\varepsilon ^2 \) .     

Precise asymptotics of complete moment convergence on moving average

Let {ξi,-∞i∞} be a doubly infinite sequence of identically distributed-mixing random variables with zero means and finite variances,{ai,-∞i∞} be an absolutely summable sequence of real numbers and X k =∑i=-∞+∞ aiξi+k be a moving average process.Under some proper moment conditions,the precise asymptotics are established for     

Solvability of the Dirichlet problem for degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations

In a bounded domain of the n -dimensional (n?2) space one considers a class of degenerate quasilinear elliptic equations, whose model is the equation $$\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {\frac{{\partial F}}{{\partial x_i }}} (a^{\ell _i } (u)\left| {u_{x_i } } \right|^{m_i - 2} u_{x_i } ) = f(x),$$ where x =(x₁,..., x_r), l_i?0, m_i>1, the function f is summable with some power, the nonnegative continuous function a(u) vanishes at a finite number of points and satisfies \(\frac{{lim}}{{\left| u \right| \to \infty }}a(u) > 0\) . One proves the existence of bounded generalized solutions with a finite integral $$\int\limits_\Omega {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {a^{\ell _i } (u)\left| {u_{x_i } } \right|^{m_i } dx} }$$ of the Dirichlet problem with zero boundary conditions.     

Decay Properties for Some Lagrangian Systems with Dissipative Terms and Applications

This paper deals with decay properties for the solutions of a large class of ordinary differential systems, with time dependent restoring potential, which include the system $$\left({\left|{u\prime}\right|^{\mu - 2} u\prime}\right)\prime+\beta_1 t^{\theta_{\text{1}}}\left|{u\prime}\right|^{\mu-2}u\prime+\beta_2 t^{\theta_{\text{2}}}\left|{u\prime}\right|^{m-2}u\prime+ct^v\left|u\right|^{p-2}u=0,$$ t ε [T, ∞), u : [T, ∞) → $\mathbb{R}^N$ , 1 < µ < m, ν ≥ 0, c0, β₁0, β₂ ≥ 0, -1 ≤ θ₁ < µ+ν-1, θ₂ < m + ν - 1, and the nonlinear system $$Lu+T\left( t \right)u\prime+V\left( {t,u\prime } \right)+t^\nu Su=e\left(t\right),$$ where L and S are positive definite matrices, T is a skew-symmetric matrix continuous function, V is a quasilinear replacement of a linear resistive term R(t)u′ and e is continuous. We prove various types of decay properties to zero for the solutions in the first case and exponential decay for the difference of two solutions, under suitable assumptions, in the second one.     

Homogenization of the Neumann problem in perforated domains: an alternative approach

The main result of this paper is a compactness theorem for families of functions in the space SBV (Special functions of Bounded Variation) defined on periodically perforated domains. Given an open and bounded set ${\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n}$ , and an open, connected, and (?1/2, 1/2) ⁿ -periodic set ${P\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n}$ , consider for any ???>?0 the perforated domain ?? _?? :=????????? P. Let ${(u_\varepsilon)\subset SBV^p(\Omega_{\varepsilon})}$ , p?>?1, be such that ${\int_{\Omega_{\varepsilon}}\left|{\nabla{u}_\varepsilon}\right|^pdx+\mathcal{H}^{n-1}(S_{u_\varepsilon}\,\cap\,\Omega_{\varepsilon}) +\left\Vert{u_\varepsilon}\right\Vert_{L^p(\Omega_{\varepsilon})}}$ is bounded. Then, we prove that, up to a subsequence, there exists ${u\in GSBV^p\,\cap\, L^p(\Omega)}$ satisfying ${\lim_\varepsilon\left\Vert{u-u_\varepsilon}\right\Vert_{L^1(\Omega_{\varepsilon})}=0}$ . Our analysis avoids the use of any extension procedure in SBV, weakens the hypotheses on P to the minimal ones and simplifies the proof of the results recently obtained in Focardi et?al. (Math Models Methods Appl Sci 19:2065?C2100, 2009) and Cagnetti and Scardia (J Math Pures Appl (9), to appear). Among the arguments we introduce, we provide a localized version of the Poincaré-Wirtinger inequality in SBV. As a possible application we study the asymptotic behavior of a brittle porous material represented by the perforated domain ?? _?? . Finally, we slightly extend the well-known homogenization theorem for Sobolev energies on perforated domains.     

Commutators of Marcinkiewicz integral with rough kernels on Sobolev spaces

In this paper, the authors give the boundedness of the commutator [b, ??_??,?? ] from the homogeneous Sobolev space $\dot L_\gamma ^p \left( {\mathbb{R}^n } \right)$ to the Lebesgue space L ^p (? ⁿ ) for 1 < p < ??, where ??_??,?? denotes the Marcinkiewicz integral with rough hypersingular kernel defined by $\mu _{\Omega ,\gamma } f\left( x \right) = \left( {\int_0^\infty {\left| {\int_{\left| {x - y} \right| \leqslant t} {\frac{{\Omega \left( {x - y} \right)}} {{\left| {x - y} \right|^{n - 1} }}f\left( y \right)dy} } \right|^2 \frac{{dt}} {{t^{3 + 2\gamma } }}} } \right)^{\frac{1} {2}} ,$ , with ?? ?? L ¹(S ^n?1) for $0 < \gamma < min\left\{ {\frac{n} {2},\frac{n} {p}} \right\}$ or ?? ?? L(log⁺ L) ^?? (S ^n?1) for $\left| {1 - \frac{2} {p}} \right| < \beta < 1\left( {0 < \gamma < \frac{n} {2}} \right)$ , respectively.     

Asymptotic properties for the loglog laws under positive association

Let {X _n : n ?? 1} be a strictly stationary sequence of positively associated random variables with mean zero and finite variance. Set $S_n = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {X_k }$ , $Mn = \mathop {\max }\limits_{k \leqslant n} \left| {S_k } \right|$ , n ?? 1. Suppose that $0 < \sigma ^2 = EX_1^2 + 2\sum\limits_{k = 2}^\infty {EX_1 X_k < \infty }$ . In this paper, we prove that if E|X ₁|^2+?? < for some ?? ?? (0, 1], and $\sum\limits_{j = n + 1}^\infty {Cov\left( {X_1 ,X_j } \right) = O\left( {n^{ - \alpha } } \right)}$ for some ?? > 1, then for any b > ?1/2 $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \searrow 0} \varepsilon ^{2b + 1} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{(\log \log n)^{b - 1/2} }} {{n^{3/2} \log n}}} E\left\{ {M_n - \sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {2n\log \log n} } \right\}_ + = \frac{{2^{ - 1/2 - b} E\left| N \right|^{2(b + 1)} }} {{(b + 1)(2b + 1)}}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\frac{{( - 1)^k }} {{(2k + 1)^{2(b + 1)} }}}$$ and $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\varepsilon \nearrow \infty } \varepsilon ^{ - 2(b + 1)} \sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{(\log \log n)^b }} {{n^{3/2} \log n}}E\left\{ {\sigma \varepsilon \sqrt {\frac{{\pi ^2 n}} {{8\log \log n}}} - M_n } \right\}} _ + = \frac{{\Gamma (b + 1/2)}} {{\sqrt 2 (b + 1)}}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^\infty {\frac{{( - 1)^k }} {{(2k + 1)^{2b + 2} }}} ,$$ where x ₊ = max{x, 0}, N is a standard normal random variable, and ??(·) is a Gamma function.     

Exact multiplicity for the perturbed Q-curvature problem in {\mathbb{R}^N,N \geq 5}

Let N ≥ 5 and \({{\mathcal{D}}^{2,2} (\mathbb{R}^N)}\) denote the closure of \({C_0^\infty (\mathbb{R}^N)}\) in the norm \({\|u\|_{{\mathcal{D}}^{2,2} (\mathbb{R}^N)}^2 := \int\nolimits_{\mathbb{R}^N} |\Delta u|^2.}\) Let \({K \in C^2 (\mathbb{R}^N).}\) We consider the following problem for ? ≥ 0: $$(P_\varepsilon) \left\{\begin{array}{llll}{\rm Find} \, u \in {\mathcal{D}}^{2, 2} (\mathbb{R}^N) \, \, {\rm solving} :\\ \left.\begin{array}{lll}\Delta^2 u = (1+ \varepsilon K (x)) u^{\frac{N+4}{N-4}}\\ u > 0 \end{array}\right\}{\rm in} \, \mathbb{R}^N.\end{array}\right.$$ We show an exact multiplicity result for (P _? ) for all small ? > 0.     

Existence of solutions for the critical elliptic system with inverse square potentials

Let Ω ? 0 be an open bounded domain in R ^N (N ≥ 3) and $2^* (s) = \tfrac{{2(N - s)}} {{N - 2}}$ , 0 < s < 2. We consider the following elliptic system of two equations in H ₀ ¹ (Ω) × H ₀ ¹ (Ω): $$- \Delta u - t\frac{u} {{\left| x \right|^2 }} = \frac{{2\alpha }} {{\alpha + \beta }}\frac{{\left| u \right|^{\alpha - 2} u\left| v \right|^\beta }} {{\left| x \right|^s }} + \lambda u, - \Delta v - t\frac{v} {{\left| x \right|^2 }} = \frac{{2\beta }} {{\alpha + \beta }}\frac{{\left| u \right|^\alpha \left| v \right|^{\beta - 2} v}} {{\left| x \right|^s }} + \mu v,$$ where λ, µ > 0 and α, β > 1 satisfy α + β = 2*(s). Using the Moser iteration, we prove the asymptotic behavior of solutions at the origin. In addition, by exploiting the Mountain-Pass theorem, we establish the existence of solutions.     

On the solutions of a singular elliptic equation concentrating on two orthogonal spheres

Let \({A=\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{2m}: 0 < a < |x| < b\}}\) be an annulus. We consider the following singularly perturbed elliptic problem on A $$\left\{\begin{array}{lll}-\varepsilon ^2{\Delta u} + |x|^{\eta}u =|x|^{\eta}u^p, \quad {\rm in} A,\\ u > 0, \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad {\rm in} A, \\ u=0, \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad {\rm on}\partial A,\end{array}\right. $$ where \({1 < p < \frac{m+3}{m-1}}\) . We shall prove the existence of a positive solution \({u_\epsilon }\) which concentrates on two different orthogonal spheres of dimension (m?1) as \({\varepsilon \to 0}\) . We achieve this by studying a reduced problem on an annular domain in \({\mathbb{R}^{m+1}}\) and analysing the profile of a two point concentrating solution in this domain.