第四届初中《祖冲之杯》数学邀请赛试题及参考解答

一、选择题 1.方程卜一2}十}z一3卜1的实数解的个数是 答〔D] (A)两个;(B)3个; (e)魂个;(n)无数多个· 2一个三角形的边长都是整数,其周长是8,则这个三角形的面积等于答〔A] (^)2、厂了;(B)2了了; (e)2了而,(D)不能确定. 3一人驾驶帆船沿江顺流而下,迎面遇到一艘逆流而上的快艇,他间快艇驾驶员:“你后面有轮船开过来吗?”快艇驾驶员回答:“半小时前我超过一艘轮船.”帆船继续航行了半小时,遇到了迎面开来的轮船.已知轮船静水速度是帆船静水速度的2倍.那么快艇静水速度是帆船静水速度的几倍?答[B〕 (A)4倍:(B)5倍;(e)6倍;(D)因不知水流速…     

不等式中的方案设计问题

近几年的中考数学中,经常出现以不等式为背景的方案设计问题.下面列举几例,供学习时参考.1.购票的方案设计例12008年8月,北京奥运会帆船比赛将在青岛国际帆船中心举行.观看帆船比赛的船票分为两种:A种船票600元/张,B     

破冰船航行状态在海冰作用下的运动响应分析

通过MOSES软件建立了多用途破冰工作船的数值模型;分析破冰船破冰过程的机理,建立起破冰船正向与冰排作用过程中的复合式冰排断裂模式,指出船艏冰排径向裂纹的扩展这一关键影响因子;推衍出作用于破冰船船艏的冰力函数;对破冰船在航行时与海冰作用的过程进行了模拟计算,重点考察了破冰船逆流与顺流航行状态下的运动响应差别,发现随着相对冰速的变化,这种运动响应的差别是规律性变化的.     

反函数学习中应注意的几点

一、反函数的存在性在定义域上单调的函数一定有反函数,但在定义域上非单调函数未必没有反函数,或者说有反函数的原函数不一定是单调函数．如函数y=1/x(x≠0)有反函数,但其在定义域上不是单调函数．二、互为反函数的函数的图像交点情况     

高间Melnikov方法

本文把原有Melnikov方法推广到高阶情况.找到了二阶次谐Melnikov函数表达式,并且证明了在一定条件下可以用二阶次谐Melnikov函数来判定系统的次谐或超次谐的存在.     

推广后继函数法研究第二临界情况下同宿环的稳定性

本文通过灵活选取参照闭曲线,推广了研究闭轨线的后继函数法.通过计算后继函数,本文首先获得了二重极限环的半稳定性判据.在此基础上,运用推广的后继函数法,获得了第二临界情况下同宿环的内稳定性判据,事实上,推广的后继函数法可对以往的结果和本文的结果用统一的方法给予证明,并可向更高临界情况推广.最后本文证明了二重极限环及第二临界情况下的同宿环在一定条件下分支出极限环的唯二性.     

脉冲系统输入—输出到状态稳定的Lyapunov条件

在一定的条件下,通过对时间域分割成不同的区间段然后应用Lyapunov函数分析方法给出了脉冲系统输入—输出到状态稳定(IOSS)的一个充分条件,另外,讨论了积分输入—输出到状态稳定的情况.     

波浪中多船近距离并行航行的水动力干扰研究

采用三维势流理论及多体动力学理论建立了波浪中近距离并行航行多船波浪作用力及运动响应的计算模型.为考虑航速效应对船体间自由面的影响,采用三维移动脉动源Green(格林)函数来模拟船间的辐射波及绕射波.采用该数学模型求解了零航速及有航速情形下两船近距离并行时的流体动力项及运动响应,和模型试验结果比较验证了方法的可靠性.将该方法推广至三船并行航行的情形,重点分析了三船并行时水动力干扰和两船并行时水动力干扰的差异.     

麦吉安的多彩人生

麦吉安（Simon McKeon）生于1955年,是澳大利亚著名企业家、慈善家和帆船运动员。2011年1月25日,他被澳大利亚总理朱莉娅·吉拉德（JuliaGillard）命名为2011年澳大利业年度人物。麦吉安虽然忠有多发性硬化疾病，但却没能让他慢下脚步--尤其是在他喜爱的速度帆船领域。     

响应变量删失时函数型部分线性分位数回归模型的估计

最近几年,函数型数据分析的理论和应用飞速发展.在许多实际应用里,响应变量往往存在随机右删失的情况.考虑利用函数型部分线性分位数回归模型来刻画函数型和标量预测量与右删失响应变量之间的关系.基于函数型主成分基函数来逼近未知的斜率函数,通过极小化逆概率加权分位数损失函数得到未知系数的估计量.文章的估计方法容易通过加权分位数回归程序实现.在一定的假设条件下,给出了有限维参数估计量的渐近正态性与斜率函数估计量的收敛速度.最后,通过模拟计算与应用实例证明了所提方法的有效性.     

Routing,ship size,and sailing frequency decision-making for a maritime hub-and-spoke container network

This study formulates a two-objective model to determine the optimal liner routing, ship size, and sailing frequency for container carriers by minimizing shipping costs and inventory costs. First, shipping and inventory cost functions are formulated using an analytical method. Then, based on a trade-off between shipping costs and inventory costs, Pareto optimal solutions of the two-objective model are determined. Not only can the optimal ship size and sailing frequency be determined for any route, but also the routing decision on whether to route containers through a hub or directly to their destination can be made in objective value space. Finally, the theoretical findings are applied to a case study, with highly reasonable results. The results show that the optimal routing, ship size, and sailing frequency with respect to each level of inventory costs and shipping costs can be determined using the proposed model. The optimal routing decision tends to be shipping the cargo through a hub as the hub charge is decreased or its efficiency improved. In addition, the proposed model not only provides a tool to analyze the trade-off between shipping costs and inventory costs, but it also provides flexibility on the decision-making for container carriers.     

On the Stability of Racing Sailing Boats with Foils

The development of foils for racing boats has changed the strategy of sailing. Recently, the America’s cup held in San Francisco, has been the theatre of a tragicomic history due to the foils. During the last round, the New-Zealand boat was winning by 8 to 1 against the defender USA. The winner is the first with 9 victories. USA team understood suddenly (may be) how to use the control of the pitching of the main foils by adjusting the rake in order to stabilize the ship. And USA won by 9 victories against 8 to the challenger NZ. The goal in this paper is to point out few aspects which could be taken into account in order to improve this mysterious control law which is known as the key of the victory of the USA team. There are certainly many reasons and in particular the cleverness of the sailors and of all the engineering team behind this project. But it appears interesting to have a mathematical discussion, even if it is a partial one, on the mechanical behaviour of these extraordinary sailing boats. The numerical examples given here are not the true ones. They have just been invented in order to explain the theoretical developments concerning three points: The possibility of tacking on the foils for sailing upwind, the nature of foiling instabilities, if there are, when the boat is flying and the control laws.     

船载炮兵作战的被弹数计算研究

本文根据船载炮作战中三种射击方式的特点，提出了船载炮兵在航行射击遭敌打击情况下的一种简单有效的被弹数计算方法。     

Designing robust liner shipping schedules: Optimizing recovery actions and buffer times

It is important for liner shipping companies to maintain cost efficient and robust liner shipping networks. Regularly, they set up pro-forma schedules, yet it is difficult to stay on time. We consider the problem of managing the delays. Therefore, we need to determine an optimal recovery policy and buffer time allocation to the ship route in order to minimize the total costs associated with delays and recovery actions, such as increasing sailing speed. We introduce a general framework consisting of a mixed integer programming formulation to solve discrete stochastic decision problems with short and long term decisions and apply this framework to the above described problem. Furthermore, we propose and test four heuristics for this problem. We compared the results of our method with an existing liner shipping route schedule and found a cost decrease of 28.9% after optimizing the buffer time distribution compared to the cost of sailing the current route schedule at constant speed.     

Short-term prediction method of wind speed series based on fractal interpolation

In order to improve the prediction performance of the wind speed series, the rescaled range analysis is used to analyze the fractal characteristics of the wind speed series. An improved fractal interpolation prediction method is proposed to predict the wind speed series whose Hurst exponents are close to 1. An optimization function which is composed of the interpolation error and the constraint items of the vertical scaling factors in the fractal interpolation iterated function system is designed. The chaos optimization algorithm is used to optimize the function to resolve the optimal vertical scaling factors. According to the self-similarity characteristic and the scale invariance, the fractal extrapolate interpolation prediction can be performed by extending the fractal characteristic from internal interval to external interval. Simulation results show that the fractal interpolation prediction method can get better prediction result than others for the wind speed series with the fractal characteristic, and the prediction performance of the proposed method can be improved further because the fractal characteristic of its iterated function system is similar to that of the predicted wind speed series.     

Wind energy prediction using a two-hidden layer neural network

The power generated by wind turbines changes rapidly because of the continuous fluctuation of wind speed and air density. As a consequence, it can be important to predict the energy production, starting from some basic input parameters. The aim of this paper is to show that a two-hidden layer neural network can represent a useful tool to carefully predict the wind energy output. By using proper experimental data (collected from three wind farm in Southern Italy) in combination with a back propagation learning algorithm, a suitable neural architecture is found, characterized by the hyperbolic tangent transfer function in the first hidden layer and the logarithmic sigmoid transfer function in the second hidden layer. Simulation results are reported, showing that the estimated wind energy values (predicted by the proposed network) are in good agreement with the experimental measured values.     

A stochastic model for the daily coordination of pumped storage hydro plants and wind power plants

We propose a stochastic model for the daily operation scheduling of a generation system including pumped storage hydro plants and wind power plants, where the uncertainty is represented by the hourly wind power production. In order to assess the value of the stochastic modeling, we discuss two case studies: in the former the scenario tree is built so as to include both low and high wind power production scenarios, in the latter the scenario tree is built on historical wind speed data covering a time span of one and a half year. The Value of the Stochastic Solution, computed by a modified new procedure, shows that in scenarios with low wind power production the stochastic solution allows the producer to obtain a profit which is greater than the one associated to the deterministic solution. In-sample stability of the optimal function values for increasing number of scenarios is reported.     

A Complex Mode Method for Wind-Induced Responses of 6-Parameter Practical Viscoelastic Damping Energy Dissipation Structures Based on the Davenport Wind Speed Spectrum北大核心CSCD

针对六参数实用黏弹性阻尼耗能结构,基于Davenport风速谱系列响应问题进行了系统的研究.首先,利用六参数黏弹性阻尼器的微分型本构关系,建立了耗能结构基于Davenport风速谱激励下的运动方程;然后,运用复模态法将耗能结构的运动方程由二阶微分方程转化为一阶方程,获得了耗能结构系统对风振激励响应的频域解和功率谱密度函数表达式;最后,利用数学恒等式,基于随机振动理论获得了耗能结构系统在Davenport风速谱激励下的响应和阻尼器受力的解析解.该文方法不仅考虑了结构系统在风振激励作用下全振型展开的结果,表达式较现有结果更为简便,效率及精度更高,且适用于非经典阻尼结构.     

MODELS FOR THE EFFECT OF HIGH SPEED WIND ON THE DEPLETION OF FERTILE TOPSOIL

ABSTRACT. In this paper a mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the effect of high speed wind on the depletion of fertile topsoil depth and crop yield. The system is modeled by considering a Cobb‐Douglas production function which depends on depreciating capital stock, a labor force and depth of fertile topsoil. A model to conserve the depth of fertile topsoil and to control the high speed wind is also presented.     

开敞式索膜结构的气动失稳临界风速

考虑几何非线性的影响,利用无限薄的旋涡薄层模拟气流在结构表面形成的扰动,由非稳态Bernoulli方程和环量定理将空气压力表示成旋涡密度的函数;然后由涡格法结合耦合边界条件求出旋涡密度,根据系统的稳定性判据得到结构发散失稳临界风速的解析表达式．通过三维开敞式膜结构的计算分析,发现空间膜结构的曲率是影响结构气动失稳临界风速的主要因素．