基于主成分分析法的综合评价方法的改进

针对用主成分分析法做综合评价存在的问题,提出了改进的方法即当第一主成分的综合评价值和熵值法得到的综合评价值具有一致性时,将两种评价结果进行集成综合评价,若两种评价结果不具有一致性时则采用主成分聚类法进行综合评价.     

关于主成分分析综合评价函数质疑的讨论

主成分分析综合评价是国内较流行的一种综合评价方法,这里对主成分分析综合评价函数的五个质疑或断言,用主成分分析模型、主成分分析综合评价的合理性条件进行了讨论,结果:主成分分析综合评价函数是果,主成分及其包含的信息是因,不能用它们包含的信息比较后推断,因果关联的它们既应分别深入分析,又应结合分析,效果会更好.并结合实例说明:具有合理性条件的主成分分析综合评价改进步骤,更具有合理性和有效性.     

对应用主成分法进行综合评价的探讨

本文针对用主成分法进行综合评价时存在的缺点,提出了分组主成分评价法。即先用因子分析法对变量进行分组后,然后再分别对各组变量进行主成分评价,既保证了主成分法的优点,也克服它在评价中的缺点,提高综合评价结果的合理性。并用该方法对实例进行了分析,取得了较好的效果。     

关于主成分分析做综合评价的改进

本文结合具体事例 ,讨论并改进利用主成分分析做综合评价的方法。     

广西地区经济指标评价

杨善朝，李志友．广西地区经济指标评价．数理统计与管理，１９９７，１６，（４），１～４本文试用主成分分析方法，对广西七个地区的经济生产情况作出综合评价，分析各地区在广西的经济地位。并提出了一种构造加权综合量的方法     

学生成绩的学分绩与主成分排序模型

利用多元统计中的主成分分析研究学生成绩,发现第一主成分排序与学分绩排序结果基本相同,提出用第一主成分代替学分绩对学生进行综合评价更加合理.而且主成分还能反映教学过程中的优点和不足.对教学有一定的指导意义.     

基于主成分分析的建筑工程成本影响因素分析

影响建筑工程成本的因素众多,这些因素在某种程度上是相关联的,甚至有些是冗余的.运用主成分分析法对影响建筑工程成本的因素进行归纳分析,将影响建筑工程成本17个因素通过主成分分析用5个主成分表示并构造出影响建筑工程成本的主成分综合评价函数,使在工程成本领域多维指标实现综合分析得以实现,为建筑工程成本的研究提供参考.     

城市环境质量多元统计分析──永安市城市环境质量综合评价

本文针对永安市城市环境质量综合评价，采用主成分分析法［１］，以福建省十个城市为样本进行横向比较，从而揭示永安市环境质量状况及其改进环境质量的突破口．使环境质量现状分析具有评价和控制的双重功能。     

简约指标体系下我国省级信息化水平综合评价——基于相关分析和主成分分析方法

在海选省级信息化初始评价指标的基础上,采用相关分析和主成分分析定量筛选方法对初始指标体系进行变量筛选;保证筛选出的指标对评价结果有显著影响的前提下,构建了省级信息化评价简约指标体系;用22%的指标反映了99%的原始信息.最后综合各主成分构造的综合评价模型对我国31个省的信息化水平进行了实证分析,得到了较好的评价结果.     

产业集群创新能力评价模型的比较研究

针对产业集群创新能力评价的一些复杂方法,以文献中的基于BP神经网络的产业集群创新能力评价模型作为比较对象,提出了两种评价模型:组合评价模型和主成分指数模型.前者将变异系数法和Topsis法组合使用,用以评价产业集群创业能力;后者则是对所有参评样本的评价指标进行主成分分析,以主成分的方差贡献率为权重,构建主成分综合指数,从而形成产业集群创新能力的综合评价指数模型.对这两个模型用来自比较对象模型的同一数据进行了验证,三个模型都得出了非常相近的结果,而这两种模型更具可操作性且易于解释,这两者相比,主成分分析的方法则更为简单易行.     

Inspection and maintenance optimization methods

Three methods of the optimal planning of the inspection and maintenance of offshore structures are described. The models are based on respectively: the maximization of the effect of inspections, measured by the total importance value of the errors detected, subject to a given total economical budget; the minimization of the total costs of obtaining respectively: a given importance value of errors detected or given numbers of inspections of various types. Special selections of the importance values of structural elements give problems of the maximization of the reliability of the structural system, or the minimization of the economical consequences of failures, or the minimization of the sum of the costs of inspections and failure-consequences, subject to a given total failure probability of the system.Different failure types of elements and time schedules of inspections can be included in the model.An extension of the incremental method of Fox is applied, and an evaluation measure is given for the calculation of bounds of the optimal objective value, or given numbers of inspections are planned by application of continuous linear programming with integral solutions.     

The stability of the equilibrium of two-phase elastic solids

The distinctive features of the loss of stability of elastic solids which undergo phase transitions are investigated for the case of small deformations. The non-uniqueness of the solution of the boundary-value problem for the describing of the thermodynamic equilibrium of a two-phase body is caused by the non-linearity associated with the unknown interface. The solution can be chosen by comparing the potential energies of the body in the two-phase and single phase states and by analysing of the local stability of the two-phase states. A linearized boundary-value problem is formulated which describes infinitesimal small perturbations of an initial two-phase state which is in thermodynamic equilibrium. Analysis of the stability of the two-phase state reduces to an investigation of the bifurcation points and the behaviour of the small solutions of the system of integrodifferential equations in terms of functions describing the perturbations of the interface. The problem of the non-uniqueness and loss of stability of centrisymmetric equilibrium two-phase deformations is investigated as an example. A theorem concerning the number of centrisymmetric solutions is proved. The energy changes accompanying the formation and development of two-phase states and the stability of the solutions obtained are investigated. The concept of topological instability as a bifurcation is introduced, as a result of which the type of geometry of a solution of the boundary-value problem changes and surfaces of separation of the phases actually appear and disappear. Macrodiagrams of the deformational are constructed which demonstrate the effect of deformation softening in the path of a phase transition.     

播挪运算及其性质

在现有的播挪定义基础上,引入了对偶播挪的概念和任意论域子集族的内并、内交两种新运算,提出了十个定理.它们是：平凡播挪空间定理,最小播挪定理,播挪内运算封闭性定理,播挪任意交定理,播挪上确界定理,播挪运算分配性定理,播挪基判定定理,播挪基闭包定理,播挪基约简定理,播挪基内运算封闭性定理.这些定理对于播挪空间的研究具有一定的理论价值.     

中国科大数学系是怎样办学的

中国科学技术大学原副校长、数学系教授龚昇先生2011年1月10日不幸病逝.本刊编委会、编辑部于2011年1月第1期发表《沉痛悼念著名数学家龚？教授》一文,简短介绍了他的生平和学术成就.本期特转载他为《中国科学技术大学数学五十年》一书所作的序,以纪念这位杰出的数学家和数学教育家.本文标题为编者所加.1958年,经中共中央...     

Some qualitative effects in the exact solutions of the Lamé problem for large deformations

Qualitative effects in the solution of a number of radially symmetric and plane axisymmetric problems for bodies made of non-linearly elastic incompressible materials are analysed for large deformations. In the case of problems of the axisymmetric plane deformation of cylindrical bodies, the lack of uniqueness of the solution for a given follower load in the case of a Bartenev–Khazanovich material and the existence of a limiting load in the case of a Treloar (neo-Hookian) material have been studied in detail and the dependences of the limiting load on the ratio of the external and internal radii of a hollow cylinder in the undeformed state have been presented. A similar study has been carried out for constitutive relations of a special form that well describe the properties of rubber. For this material, the lack of uniqueness of the solution is revealed for fairly high loads. The axisymmetric problem of the plane stress state of a circular ring made of a Bartenev–Khazanovich material has been solved and a lack of uniqueness of the solution for a given follower load was discovered in the case when the dimensions of the ring are given in the undeformed state. Similar studies have been carried out for Chernykh and Treloar materials in the case of the problem of the radially symmetric deformation of a spherical shell. It was established that, in the case of a Chernykh material, the lack of uniqueness of the solution depends considerably on the constant characterizing the physical non-linearity. The limit case of the deformation of a spherical cavity in an infinitely extended body has been investigated. The effect of an unbounded increase in the boundary stresses is observed for finite external loads, that appears in the case of the problem of the plane axisymmetric deformation of a cylindrical cavity in an infinitely extended body made of a Bartenev–Khazanovich material and in the case of the problem of the radially symmetric deformation of an infinitely extended body made of a Chernykh material with a spherical cavity.     

Price and incomes policy: a ‘Sraffian’ perspective

A Sraffa-type model of price determination is proposed that will serve as a characterization of the consequences of some of the activities of a prices board that has been charged with attempting to control the rate of increase of the absolute level of commodity prices by controlling rates of increase of factor incomes (wages and profits). Specifically, the board chooses new elements for the diagonal matrix of rates of profit and for the vector of labor incomes of a set of (Sraffa-type) equations of production that have been cast into matrix form. The unknowns of these equations are the commodity prices, and with a new set of factor incomes, a new solution set of commodity prices will be generated. The problem of fulfilment of a strict positivity condition for the price solution and that of ensuring the viability of the input-output structure are examined. A possible solution to these problems derives from exclusive concentration by the board on the ‘basic’ (in Sraffa's sense) sector of the economy. A switch from attempting to control rates of increase of factor incomes to attempting to control, directly, the rate of increase in the absolute level of commodity prices is also considered.     

饱和粘土非线性渗流规律与径向固结

以多孔介质等效渗流概念得出粘土平均孔隙微尺度数量级范围在0.01 μm至0.1μm,与测试结果一致．实验结果表明饱和粘土微尺度孔隙渗流为非线性流．理论推导表明固液界面作用与渗透率平方根或孔隙半径成反比,固液界面相互作用是导致饱和粘土非线性渗流的重要原因．提出了精确描述饱和粘土微尺度孔隙非线性渗流基本规律的数学模型,其参数量纲明确,物理意义清楚．建立了饱和粘土非线性渗流新定律,统一描述了从较低到较高水力梯度全过程渗流曲线特征,达西定律是其特例．基于新定律,建立了饱和粘土非线性渗流定流量径向固结数学模型．以粘性边界层思想与稳态依序替换法及积分方程法,导出了粘土非线性渗流平均质量守恒方程及活动边界运动方程,给出了饱和粘土非线性渗流超孔隙水压力分布公式与平均固结度计算公式,获得了粘土层压力分布规律和平均固结度随时间变化规律．结果表明:饱和粘土非线性渗流使活动边界运动速度减小．研究结果为粘土地质工程与岩土工程应用提供了新的科学依据．达西渗流径向固结计算是新的非线性渗流固结计算的特例．     

On Discrete Limits of Sequences of Approximately Continuous Functions and tae-Continuous Functions

We show that the classes of all discrete limits of sequences of ap- proximately continuous functions, of all discrete limits of sequences of derivatives and of all discrete limits of sequences of Baire 1 functions are the same. We describe also the discrete limits of sequences of quasicontinuous functions, and of sequences of almost everywhere continuous functions, and we present anec- essary condition which must be satisfied by the discrete limits of sequences of T_ae -continuous functions.     

Contact interaction of cylindrical shells of different lengths

We solve a problem of determination of the contact rigidity of a structural joint of a steel thin-walled pipe under the action of internal pressure with a shroud made of a composite material using a special technology. A mathematical model of the contact interaction of the pipe and shroud modeled by cylindrical shells of different length was constructed using the classical Kirchhoff–Love theory of shells. We obtain an analytic solution of the contact problem under conditions of ideal contact of the elements of the structural joint by the conjugation method. A numerical analysis of the influence of geometric and physicomechanical characteristics of the shroud on the contact pressure and rigidity of the shrouded pipe is presented.     

Good lattice points,discrepancy, and numerical integration

Summary Methods based on Diophantine approximations lead to a simple and easy construction of rational vectors the multiple of which, reduced modulo 1, form finite sequences of points with certain properties of equipartition over the unit square. Given a function of bounded variation over this square, it is suggested that computing the average of its values at the points of such a sequence can be a practical method of numerical integration. Precise bounds for the error ore obtained. In the general case, these are of the order of the product of the reciprocal and of the logarithm of the number of points; in the case of a function satisfying stated conditions of regularity and periodicity, they are of the order of the logarithm of the number of points divided by an appropriately high power of this number. A slight sharpening of some well-known results on equipartiton is obtained incidentally. A part of this paper was read at a meeting of the Accademia Nazionale di Scienze Lettere e Arti in Modena on April 7th. 1965.