基于组合模型的我国能源需求预测

在信息不完备条件下如何有效预测能源消费总量以把握宏观经济发展趋势,是制定能源规划的基础内容.伴随我国成为全球经济增长重要引擎,能源消费量越来越大,能源安全问题也备受关注.选用灰色系统模型、三次指数平滑模型和BP神经网络模型三种预测模型,应用Shapley值权重分配法确定各预测模型的权重,从而构建组合预测模型并对我国能源消费进行组合预测.在保持过去发展规律基本不变的条件下,2014年能源需求总量为383,718.16万吨标准煤,到2020年将达462,089.33万吨标准煤.2013-2020年能源需求总量年均增长率为3.38%.     

中国能源需求的半参数模型

本文构建半参数回归模型研究中国能源需求与经济发展之间的关系，采用两种估计方法对模型进行参数估计，并与简单线性回归模型作比较。研究结果表明：该模型的有效性和预测能力更优良，且更好的揭示了中国能源需求与经济发展之间的均衡增长关系。     

改进的包容性检验方法在我国能源需求组合预测上的应用

单一模型遴选问题是限制组合模型预测精度提高的瓶颈之一.首次将改进的包容性检验(NET)的方法用于能源需求组合预测中单一预测模型的遴选,并基于支持向量机回归模型(SVR)构建能源需求非线性组合预测模型.研究发现:1)相较而言,NET-SVR组合模型预测精度最高,稳定性最强.该模型的预测值平均相对误差最小(0.35%),明显低于未采用NET的SVR组合模型(0.58%)和基于线性包容性检验的模型(0.50%);2)NET-SVR组合模型在基准情景、低碳情景、受挫低碳情景下,分别预测出2014-2020年我国能源需求量以年均3.28%、1.45%、2.44%的比例增长,明显低于1990-2012年的年均增长率(6.08%),这种增速符合未来新常态经济增长方式下我国能源消费量的规划与控制.     

基于三类模型的四大银行股票收益率预测研究

运用时间序列分析的预测方法,对四大银行的股票日对数收益率序列进行拟合与预测分析,分别构建ARMA模型、GARCH模型以及ARMA-GARCH组合模型,通过模型比较,实证分析表明:在拟合效果上,ARMA-GARCH模型的拟合优度优于ARMA模型和GARCH模型;在预测效果上,ARMA模型的预测效果最优,ARMA-GARCH模型次之.     

组合预测模型与方法研究综述

预测精度和预测风险是预测学研究的核心问题.从信息互补的角度,组合预测提供了一条有效的途径.本文综述了组合预测的模型与方法的分类、权重计算方法、模型构建方法,并对最优子模型的选择等问题进行综述和探讨,最后展望了在不确定环境下组合预测方法和未来的研究方向.     

灰色Verhulst神经网络组合预测区域空域流量

能够对区域空域的流量做出准确的预测,可以为空中交通管理部门协调航班运行,减缓空域内航路的拥堵提供重要依据.运用灰色Verhulst模型与神经网络的组合模型对区域航班流量进行预测,并结合华东地区飞行流量的数据样本训练并测试模型.结果显示,由组合模型得出的流量预测值与实际值较吻合,说明组合模型比单种预测方法能够更为准确地对区域空域流量做出预测.     

基于改进的GM(1,1)-BP组合模型的人口预测研究

准确地预测人口总量发展趋势,对我国社会稳定发展具有重要意义.通过分析GM(1,1)模型背景值的构造理论,利用Newton插值公式和线性分段函数优化GM(1,1)模型的背景值,得到新的GM(1,1)模型,并结合BP神经网络模型,再利用遗传算法优化GM(1,1)-BP组合模型的权重系数,并将组合模型应用到新疆人口预测中.最后,分别应用不同的模型,以及改进的GM(1,1)-BP组合模型进行计算和平均相对误差对比,结果表明,改进的GM(1,1)-BP组合模型有效地提高了预测精度.     

基于Lasso+SVM的制造业上市公司财务风险组合预警模型

根据组合预测思想构建了基于Lasso+SVM的制造业上市公司财务风险组合预警模型,包括串联型组合和信息融合型组合两种,并选取22个财务指标建立了财务预警指标体系,对我国86家制造业上市公司的财务状况进行了预测,还与单一风险预警模型预测效果进行了比较,结果发现:财务风险组合预警模型的预测效果明显高于单一预警模型,用第t-1年的财务数据进行预测的准确率达到了95%以上;串联型组合预警模型的预测效果最优,用第t-1和t-2年的财务数据进行预测的准确率分别达到了100%和90%.     

北京市水资源利用建模分析研究

以北京市为例,分别应用无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型和非线性模型对北京市2001年-2010年的用水量进行了建模,利用最优化方法,计算了上述两种模型的最优组合模型,通过三种模型分别计算了北京市2001年-2010年的水资源利用量,并与北京市2001年-2010年的实际用水量进行了对比,采用精度检验方法,分别对无偏灰色模型,非线性模型和组合模型进行了精度检验,计算结果表明,加权组合模型是三种模型中精度最高的模型,通过组合模型计算得出的用水量值与实际水资源利用量相比误差最小,由此得出,可以利用组合模型对北京市未来的水资源利用量进行预测,预测结果可为其他相关研究提供参考.     

基于SARIMA-SVM组合模型的丙型肝炎发病率预测研究

基于SARIMA-SVM组合模型对丙型肝炎发病率进行预测研究.首先,利用2011年1月至2020年12月的发病率数据分别建立SARIMA模型、SVM模型和SARIMA-SVM组合模型;然后,利用2021年1月至12月的发病率数据验证模型的预测效果,并得出SARIMA-SVM组合模型的预测精度较高;最后,利用SARIMA-SVM组合模型对2022年1月至12月的发病率数据进行预测.预测结果可为相关部门对丙型肝炎的预防和控制提供科学依据与数据参考.     

组合预测模型在能源消费预测中的应用

能源的需求预测是一个复杂的非线形系统,其发展变化具有增长性和波动性,组合预测对于信息不完备的复杂经济系统具有一定的实用性.本文利用我国能源消费的历史数据,采用灰色预测的GM(1,1)模型、BP神经网络模型和三次指数平滑模型进行优化组合,建立了能源消费组合预测模型,实证分析结果表明预测值和实际结果有很好的一致性,可以作为能源消费预测的有效工具.     

基于小波神经网络的中国能源需求预测模型

通过分析影响我国能源需求的主要因素,建立了基于小波神经网络的需求预测模型.采用定性与定量相结合的方式,分析了影响我国能源需求的主要因素,通过将人口总数、GDP、产业结构变化以及能源消费量的一阶滞后作为输入变量,建立基于小波神经网络的我国能源需求非线性预测模型.实验结果表明,该非线性预测模型与多元回归模型相比更加合理,具有更高的预测精度.     

A new approach of forecasting intermittent demand for spare parts inventories in the process industries

Accurate demand forecasting is of vital importance in inventory management of spare parts in process industries, while the intermittent nature makes demand forecasting for spare parts especially difficult. With the wide application of information technology in enterprise management, more information and data are now available to improve forecasting accuracy. In this paper, we develop a new approach for forecasting the intermittent demand of spare parts. The described approach provides a mechanism to integrate the demand autocorrelated process and the relationship between explanatory variables and the nonzero demand of spare parts during forecasting occurrences of nonzero demands over lead times. Two types of performance measures for assessing forecast methods are also described. Using data sets of 40 kinds of spare parts from a petrochemical enterprise in China, we show that our method produces more accurate forecasts of lead time demands than do exponential smoothing, Croston's method and Markov bootstrapping method.     

基于组合模型的武隆景区长期游客流量预测

由于某景区经营权回购需进行景区游客量长期预测。为克服长期预测的不确定性,我们采用基于旅游地环境容量的LOGISTIC模型和考虑客源地旅游需求的回归迭代模型进行组合预测。前者包含旅游地的环境容量限制参数,主要基于供给制约因素结合时间序列数据进行预测。后者主要从客源地的人均收入、价格水平、价格弹性和收入弹性进行预测。然后整合两模型进行组合预测,对两种预测结果进行加权得到组合预测游客流量,很好地解决了集成旅游地环境容量、"申遗"前后与高速公路通车前后游客量变化、游客时间序列规律、客源地人均可支配收入、旅游地吸引力和旅游地生命周期等众多因素进行长期预测的问题。预测结果作为政府部门经营权回购中补偿额确定的主要依据,已被采用。     

Short-term electricity demand forecasting using double seasonal exponential smoothing

This paper considers univariate online electricity demand forecasting for lead times from a half-hour-ahead to a day-ahead. A time series of demand recorded at half-hourly intervals contains more than one seasonal pattern. A within-day seasonal cycle is apparent from the similarity of the demand profile from one day to the next, and a within-week seasonal cycle is evident when one compares the demand on the corresponding day of adjacent weeks. There is strong appeal in using a forecasting method that is able to capture both seasonalities. The multiplicative seasonal ARIMA model has been adapted for this purpose. In this paper, we adapt the Holt–Winters exponential smoothing formulation so that it can accommodate two seasonalities. We correct for residual autocorrelation using a simple autoregressive model. The forecasts produced by the new double seasonal Holt–Winters method outperform those from traditional Holt–Winters and from a well-specified multiplicative double seasonal ARIMA model.     

Forecasting energy demand using neural-network-based grey residual modification models

Grey forecasting models have taken an important role for forecasting energy demand, particularly the GM(1,1) model, because they are able to construct a forecasting model using a limited samples without statistical assumptions. To improve prediction accuracy of a GM(1,1) model, its predicted values are often adjusted by establishing a residual GM(1,1) model, which together form a grey residual modification model. Two main issues should be considered: the sign estimation for a predicted residual and the way the two models are constructed. Previous studies have concentrated on the former issue. However, since both models are usually established in the traditional manner, which is dependent on a specific parameter that is not easily determined, this paper focuses on the latter issue, incorporating the neural-network-based GM(1,1) model into a residual modification model to resolve the drawback. Prediction accuracies of the proposed neural-network-based prediction models were verified using real power and energy demand cases. Experimental results verify that the proposed prediction models perform well in comparison with original ones.     

BP神经网络算法在需水预测与评价中的应用

需水预测是进行水资源规划与管理的必备技术方法,在水资源短缺的地区显得尤为重要.合理而准确地预测未来的需水量,可以避免投资的浪费或减少将来用水危机的发生.以江西省为例,采用BP神经网络算法对江西省近期的需水进行预测与评价,将结果与其它方法预测的进行比较,比较结果说明神经网络算法预测需水是成功的。     

Deep learning for energy markets

Deep Learning (DL) is combined with extreme value theory (EVT) to predict peak loads observed in energy grids. Forecasting energy loads and prices is challenging due to sharp peaks and troughs that arise due to supply and demand fluctuations from intraday system constraints. We propose a deep temporal extreme value model to capture these effects, which predicts the tail behavior of load spikes. Deep long‐short‐term memory architectures with rectified linear unit activation functions capture trends and temporal dependencies, while EVT captures highly volatile load spikes above a prespecified threshold. To illustrate our methodology, we develop forecasting models for hourly price and demand from the PJM interconnection. The goal is to show that DL‐EVT outperforms traditional methods, both in‐ and out‐of‐sample, by capturing the observed nonlinearities in prices and demand spikes. Finally, we conclude with directions for future research.     

Forecasting for the ordering and stock-holding of spare parts

A modern military organization like the UK's Royal Air Force is dependent on readily available spare parts for in-service aircraft in order to maximize operational capability. A large proportion of spare parts are known to have an intermittent or slow-moving demand pattern, presenting particular problems as far as forecasting and inventory control are concerned. In this paper, we use extensive demand and replenishment lead-time data to assess the practical value of forecasting models put forward in the literature for addressing these problems. We use an analytical method for classifying the consumable inventory into smooth, irregular, slow-moving and intermittent demand patterns. Recent forecasting developments are compared against more commonly used methods across the identified demand patterns. One recently developed method, a modification to Croston's method referred to as the approximation method, is observed to provide significant reductions in the value of the stock-holdings required to attain a specified service level for all demand patterns.     

周期与季节性因素影响下的短生命周期产品预测优化模型

短生命周期产品因为需求的随机性和产品价值的瞬间变化性,对预测准确性提出了更高的要求.然而许多企业在使用多种预测模型后发现其预测准确率并没有得到显著提升.以短生命周期产品需求特点为背景,在需求预测影响的BASS模型基础上,建立受生命周期和季节性因素影响的需求预测优化模型,最后通过一个产品的实例证实了验证了模型的合理性.