Maximum Genus of Strong Embeddings

The strong embedding conjecture states that any 2-connected graph has a strong embedding on some surface. It implies the circuit double cover conjecture: Any 2-connected graph has a circuit double cover.Conversely, it is not true. But for a 3-regular graph, the two conjectures are equivalent. In this paper, a characterization of graphs having a strong embedding with exactly 3 faces, which is the strong embedding of maximum genus, is given. In addition, some graphs with the property are provided. More generally, an upper bound of the maximum genus of strong embeddings of a graph is presented too. Lastly, it is shown that the interpolation theorem is true to planar Halin graph.     

局部大边宽嵌入图的面圈和C-桥的结构

In this paper,we show that for a locally LEW-embedded 3-connected graph G in orientable surface,the following results hold:1) Each of such embeddings is minimum genus embedding;2) The facial cycles are precisely the induced nonseparating cycles which implies the uniqueness of such embeddings;3) Every overlap graph O(G,C) is a bipartite graph and G has only one C-bridge H such that CUH is nonplanar provided C is a contractible cycle shorter than every noncontractible cycle containing an edge of C.This ext...     

On strong metric dimension of graphs and their complements

A vertex x in a graph G strongly resolves a pair of vertices v, w if there exists a shortest x-w path containing v or a shortest x-v path containing w in G. A set of vertices S■V(G) is a strong resolving set of G if every pair of distinct vertices of G is strongly resolved by some vertex in S. The strong metric dimension of G, denoted by sdim(G), is the minimum cardinality over all strong resolving sets of G. For a connected graph G of order n≥2, we characterize G such that sdim(G) equals 1, n-1, or n-2, respectively. We give a Nordhaus-Gaddum-type result for the strong metric dimension of a graph and its complement: for a graph G and its complement G, each of order n≥4 and connected, we show that 2≤sdim(G)+sdim(G)≤2( n-2). It is readily seen that sdim(G)+sdim(G)=2 if and only if n=4; we show that, when G is a tree or a unicyclic graph, sdim(G)+sdim(G)=2(n 2) if and only if n=5 and G ～=G ～=C5, the cycle on five vertices. For connected graphs G and G of order n≥5, we show that 3≤sdim(G)+sdim(G)≤2(n-3) if G is a tree; we also show that 4≤sdim(G)+sdim(G)≤2(n-3) if G is a unicyclic graph of order n≥6. Furthermore, we characterize graphs G satisfying sdim(G)+sdim(G)=2(n-3) when G is a tree or a unicyclic graph.     

A Note on Strong Edge Coloring of Sparse Graphs

A strong edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring where the edges at distance at most 2 receive distinct colors. The strong chromatic index χ'_s(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colors used in a strong edge coloring of G. In an ordering Q of the vertices of G, the back degree of a vertex x of G in Q is the number of vertices adjacent to x, each of which has smaller index than x in Q. Let G be a graph of maximum degree Δ and maximum average degree at most 2 k. Yang and Zhu [J. Graph Theory, 83, 334–339(2016)] presented an algorithm that produces an ordering of the edges of G in which each edge has back degree at most 4 kΔ-2 k in the square of the line graph of G, implying that χ'_s(G) ≤ 4 kΔ-2 k + 1. In this note, we improve the algorithm of Yang and Zhu by introducing a new procedure dealing with local structures. Our algorithm generates an ordering of the edges of G in which each edge has back degree at most(4 k-1)Δ-2 k in the square of the line graph of G, implying that χ'_s(G) ≤(4 k-1)Δ-2 k + 1.     

LOWER BOUNDS ON THE MAXIMUM GENUS OF LOOPLESS MULTIGRAPHS

§ 1　IntroductionThe maximum genusγM(G) of a graph G is the maximum among the genera,which Ghas a cellularembedding on a sphere with k handles.Since any embedding of G has atleastone face,by Euler polyhedral equation,itcan be obtained thatγM(G)≤β(G) / 2 ,whereβ(G) is the Betti number of G.A graph G is called up-embeddable ifγM(G) =β(G) / 2 .[1 ] has showed that thereare atleasttwo edge-disjointspanning trees in G if G is 4 -edge connected.Let T be a span-ning tree of G.An odd …     

On conditional edge-connectivity of graphs

1. IntroductionIn this paper, a graph G ~ (V,E) always means a simple graph (without loops andmultiple edges) with the vertex-set V and the edge-set E. We follow [1] for graph-theoreticalterllilnology and notation not defined here.It is well known that when the underlying topology of a computer interconnectionnetwork is modeled by a graph G, the edge-connectivity A(G) of G is an important measurefor fault-tolerance of the network. However, it has many deficiencies (see [2]). MotiVatedby t…     

GRAPHS ISOMORPHIC TO SUBGRAPHS OF THEIR ITERATED LINE GRAPHS

A graph G is said to be embeddable into a graph H,if there is an isomorphism of G into asubgraph of H.It is shown in this paper that every unicycle or tree which is neither a path nor K_(1,3)embeds in its n-th iterated line graph for n≥1 or 2,3,and that every other connected graph thatembeds in its n-th iterated line graph may be constructed from such an embedded unicycle or tree ina natural way A special kind of embedding of graph into its n-th iterated line graph,called incidenceembedding,is studied.Moreover,it is shown that for every positive integer k,there exists a graph Gsuch that (?)(G)=k,where (?)(G) is the least n≥1 for which G embeds in L~n(G).     

Linear coloring of graphs embeddable in a surface of nonnegative characteristic

A proper vertex coloring of a graph G is linear if the graph induced by the vertices of any two color classes is the union of vertex-disjoint paths. The linear chromatic number lc(G) of the graph G is the smallest number of colors in a linear coloring of G. In this paper, we prove that every graph G with girth g(G) and maximum degree Δ(G) that can be embedded in a surface of nonnegative characteristic has lc(G) = Δ(2G )+ 1 if there is a pair (Δ, g) ∈ {(13, 7), (9, 8), (7, 9), (5, 10), (3, 13)} such that G s...     

Rainb ow Vertex-connection Numb er of Ladder and M¨obius Ladder

A vertex-colored graph G is said to be rainbow vertex-connected if every two vertices of G are connected by a path whose internal vertices have distinct colors, such a path is called a rainbow path. The rainbow vertex-connection number of a connected graph G, denoted by rvc(G), is the smallest number of colors that are needed in order to make G rainbow vertex-connected. If for every pair u, v of distinct vertices, G contains a rainbow u-v geodesic, then G is strong rainbow vertex-connected. The minimum number k for which there exists a k-vertex-coloring of G that results in a strongly rainbow vertex-connected graph is called the strong rainbow vertex-connection number of G, denoted by srvc(G). Observe that rvc(G) ≤ srvc(G) for any nontrivial connected graph G. In this paper, for a Ladder Ln, we determine the exact value of srvc(Ln) for n even. For n odd, upper and lower bounds of srvc(Ln) are obtained. We also give upper and lower bounds of the (strong) rainbow vertex-connection number of M¨obius Ladder.     

STRONG EMBEDDINGS OF PLANAR GRAPHS ON HIGHER SURFACES

In this paper, the authors discuss the upper bound for the genus of strong embeddings for 3-connected planar graphs on higher surfaces. It is shown that the problem of determining the upper bound for the strong embedding of 3-connected planar near-triangulations on higher non-orientable surfaces is NP-hard. As a corollary, a theorem of Richter, Seymour and Siran about the strong embedding of 3-connected planar graphs is generalized to orientable surface.     

No optimal 1‐planar graph triangulates any nonorientable closed surface

Suzuki [Discrete Math. 310 (2010), 6–11] proved that for any orientable closed surface F² other than the sphere, there exists an optimal 1‐planar graph which can be embedded on F² as a triangulation. However, for nonorientable closed surfaces, the existence of such graphs is unknown. In this article, we prove that no optimal 1‐planar graph triangulates a nonorientable closed surface.     

A note on strong embeddings of maximal planar graphs on non-orientable sufraces

Abstract. In this paper, it is shown that for every maximal planar graph     

Trading crossings for handles and crosscaps

Let c_k = cr_k (G) denote the minimum number of edge crossings when a graph G is drawn on an orientable surface of genus k. The (orientable) crossing sequence c_o, c₁,c₂…encodes the trade‐off between adding handles and decreasing crossings. We focus on sequences of the type c_o > c₁ > c₂ = 0; equivalently, we study the planar and toroidal crossing number of doubly‐toroidal graphs. For every ? > 0 we construct graphs whose orientable crossing sequence satisfies c₁/c_o > 5/6??. In other words, we construct graphs where the addition of one handle can save roughly 1/6th of the crossings, but the addition of a second handle can save five times more crossings. We similarly define the non‐orientable crossing sequence ?₀,?₁,?₂, ··· for drawings on non‐orientable surfaces. We show that for every ?₀ > ?₁ > 0 there exists a graph with non‐orientable crossing sequence ?₀, ?₁, 0. We conjecture that every strictly‐decreasing sequence of non‐negative integers can be both an orientable crossing sequence and a non‐orientable crossing sequence (with different graphs). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 38: 230–243, 2001     

Asymmetric 2‐colorings of graphs

We show that the edges of every 3‐connected planar graph except K₄ can be colored with two colors in such a way that the graph has no color‐preserving automorphisms. Also, we characterize all graphs that have the property that their edges can be 2‐colored so that no matter how the graph is embedded in any orientable surface, there is no homeomorphism of the surface that induces a nontrivial color‐preserving automorphism of the graph.     

A relative maximum genus graph embedding and its local maximum genus

A relative embedding of a connected graph is an embedding of the graph in some surface with respect to some closed walks, each of which bounds a face of the embedding. The relative maximum genus of a connected graph is the maximum of integerk with the property that the graph has a relative embedding in the orientable surface withk handles. A polynomial algorithm is provided for constructing relative maximum genus embedding of a graph if the relative tree of the graph is planar. Under this condition, just like maximum genus embedding, a graph does not have any locally strict maximum genus.     

最大度不大于5的Halin-图的点强全染色

图G(V,E)的一正常k-全染色f称为G(V,E)的一k-点强全染色当且仅当任意( A)v∈V(G),N[v]中的元素染不同色,其中N[v]={u|uv∈V(G)}U{v},并且XusT(G)=min{k|存在G的k-点强全染色}称为G(V,E)的点强全色数.本文得到了△(G)≤5的Halin-图G(V.E)的XusT(G),并提出如下猜想设G(V,E)为每一连通分支的阶数不小于6的图,则XusT(G)≤△(G)+2,其中△(G)表示图G的最大度.     

一个关于近-三角剖分嵌入的内插定理

一个近三角剖分嵌入是指一个图嵌入在一个曲面上,使得至多可能有一个面不是三角面。在本文中我们证明了如下结果：如果一个图G在某个可定向曲面S_h上有三角剖分嵌入,那么G在S_k上有一个近三角剖分嵌入,这里k=h,h 1,…,[β(G)/2],而β(G)是图G的Betti数。     

若干图的强染色

图 G(V,E)的一正常 k-染色 σ称为 G(V,E)的 - k-强染色当且仅当对任何两个不同顶点 u和 v,只要d(u,v)≤ 2 ,则 u、v染不同颜色 (这里 d(u,v)表示 u,v之间的距离 ) ,并称 xs(G) =min{ k|存在 G的 - k-强染色 }为 G的强色数 ,本文得到 θ-图 ,Cm,n图 ,Halin图的强色数 xs(G)     

若干图的点强全染色(英文)

对图G及正整数k，映射f：满足：（1）任意e1，e3，如果e1，e2是相邻或相关联的，则有；（2）对u，v，w（G）有，则称f为G的一个k-点强全染色，并且K|G的社点强全染色称为G的点强全色数．本文讨论了一些特殊困的点强全色数，并提出了一个猜想：若G为每一分图的阶数不小于6的图，则（G），其中（G）为本文中定义的一新参数．