函数问题中的减元思想

在函数问题中 ,当变元出现的次数不止一次时 ,我们就不便于作出函数的图象或讨论函数的性质 .因此经常需要减少变元出现的次数 ,直至其仅仅出现一次 .这就是减元的思想 .减元类似于消元而又不同于消元 .现将几类常见函数减元的思想方法作一总结 :1　一元二次函数ｙ =ａｘ2 ｂｘ ｃ(ａ≠ 0 )其减元的方法就是配方 :ｙ =ａｘ ｂ2ａ2 4ａｃ-ｂ24ａ例 1　设函数ｙ=ｘ-ａ ｂ-ｘ的最大值为Ｍ ,最小值为ｍ .求证 :Ｍ =2ｍ(其中ａ、ｂ是常数且ａ<ｂ) .证明　函数的定义域为 {ｘ｜ａ≤ｘ≤ｂ}∵ｙ2 =(ｂ -ａ) 2 (ｘ-ａ) (ｂ -ｘ)=ｂ-ａ 2 -ｘ - …     

函数图象变换常见错误剖析

由于函数概念不清 ,导致在处理函数图象变换的问题中出现错误 ,下面列举学生在练习中几种常见错误 ,关剖析错因 .错误 1　函数 ｙ =ｆ( -ｘ ａ)的图象是函数 ｙ=ｆ( -ｘ)的图象沿ｘ轴右移 (ａ <0 )或左移 (ａ >0 )|ａ|个单位而得到 .剖析　函数图象的左右平移的根据是自变量ｘ发生变化情况 ,而错误 1中确定图象变换是根据中间变量 -ｘ的变化而非ｘ的变化 .正确结论为 :ｙ =ｆ( -ｘ ａ) =ｆ[- (ｘ -ａ) ]的图象是 ｙ =ｆ[- (ｘ) ]的图象沿ｘ轴左移 (ａ <0 )或右移 (ａ >0 ) |ａ|个单位而得到 .错误 2　函数 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ -ａ)的图象与函数ｙ =…     

亚纯函数的正规族与正规函数

本文讨论了正规族和正规函数之间的联系．设Ｆ为单位圆盘面△上的一族亚纯函数．若对每一ｆ∈Ｆ在△是成立,则存在正数 Ｍ＝其中ａ１;ａ２和ａ３是有限复数,Ｍ仅与ａ１,ａ２和ａ３有关．     

函数图象的对称性与函数的周期性

拜读了《数学通讯》1999年第 7期逄坤敬老师《有关函数周期性的几个结论》一文 ,很受启发 ,由此联想到函数图象的对称性与函数周期性的关系 .原文得出的三个结论为 :结论 1　如果定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 是偶函数 ,且ｘ =ａ (ａ≠ 0 )是它的一条对称轴 ,则 ｆ(ｘ) 必是周期函数 .结论 2　如果定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 是奇函数 ,且ｘ =ａ (ａ≠ 0 )是它的一条对称轴 ,则 ｆ(ｘ) 必是周期函数 .结论 3　定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 有两条对称轴ｘ =ａ和ｘ =ｂ (ａ≠ｂ ,ａ ,ｂ中至少有一个不为零 ) ,则ｆ(ｘ) 是周期函数 .对于结论 3,若ａ ,ｂ中…     

构造法分析一高考函数题的单调性

20 0 0年高考 (理工农医类 )第 19题第Ⅱ问 :“设函数ｆ(ｘ) =ｘ2 1-ａｘ ,其中ａ >0 ,求ａ的取值范围 ,使函数ｆ(ｘ)在 [0 , ∞ )上是单调函数 .”1　转化为等价问题处理若令ｘ =ｔｇθ ,θ∈ (-π2 ,π2 ) ,则高考题等价于 :设函数ｇ(θ) =(1-ａｓｉｎθ)ｃｏｓθ ,其中ａ>0 ,求ａ的取值范围 ,使函数ｇ(θ)在 [0 ,π2 )上是单调函数 .下面用构造法比较直观地给出等价问题的分析 :ｇ(θ) =(-ａ)·(ｓｉｎθ -1ａ)ｃｏｓθ =(-ａ)·ｋ(θ) ,其中ｋ(θ) =(ｓｉｎθ -1ａ)ｃｏｓθ ,ａ >0 ,θ∈[0 ,π2 ) .构造两点Ｍ (0 ,1ａ) ,Ｎ (ｃｏｓ…     

关于Hurwitz zeta—函数的四次均值

对ｓ＝σ＋ｉｔ，ζ（ｓ，ａ）是Ｈｕｒｗｉｔｚｚｅｔａ－函数，ζ１（ｓ，ａ）＝ζ（ｓａ）－ａ＾－ｓ，。本文的主要目的是用解析的方法给出了Ｈｕｒｗｉｔｚｚｅｔａ－函数四次均值较强的渐近公式。     

连续统与Turing度

令Ｄ为所有Ｔｕｒｉｎｇ度的集合，≤为Ｄ上的图林化归关系．一函数ｆ：Ｄ→Ｄ称为前进函数如果对任何ａ∈Ｄ，ａ≤ｆ（ａ）。对于一个前进函数ｆ，我们说Ｄ中的两个度ａ，ｂ是ｆ－不可比较的，如果ａ≮ｆ（ｂ）且ｂ ≮ｆ（ａ），否则是ｆ－可比较的．本文的一个主要结果是：在ＺＦＣ中连续统假设成立当且仅当存在一个前进函数ｆ：Ｄ→Ｄ使得Ｄ中任何两个度都是ｆ－可比较的.     

二次函数图象及性质

一、启发提问１．形状如ｙ＝ａｘ２这样的函数叫什么函数,其中ａ的条件是什么？２．二次函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）的图象是一条以点为顶点,以为对称轴的一条．３．二次函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）的开口方向由确定．当ａ＞０时,开口;当ａ＜０时,开口．二、读书指导１．对于形如ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）这样的函数,我们叫做二次函数,而ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）是二次函数中最简单的形式,我们称它为最简式．２．函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）．自变量ｘ的取值范围是全体实数,由ｘ２≥０可知当ａ＞０时,函数值ｙ≥０;当ａ＜０时,函数值ｙ≤０．…     

关于二次函数

形如 ｙ =ａｘ2 ｂｘ ｃ (ａ≠ 0 )的函数被称为二次函数 .这里的ａ非常重要 ,决定着二次函数的特征 .首先 ,ａ≠ 0 ,也就是说当ａ =0时 ,它就不是二次函数 ,如果你要用二次函数的性质解决问题 ,你就得对ａ≠ 0作出判定或者给出限定 ,也就是分类讨论 .其次 ,ａ的符号决定着函数图象———抛物线的开口方向 ,从而决定着函数的单调性和凸凹性 .其三 ,|ａ|的大小决定着抛物线开口的大小 ,|ａ|越大时 ,抛物线的开口越小 .不论ｂ ,ｃ为何值 ,只要 |ａ|相等 ,所有抛物线都是全等的 .再看ｂ ,ｃ的作用 .ｂ ,ｃ与ａ一起 ,决定抛物线的位置 ,抛物线…     

抽象函数关系给出的对称性与周期性

命题１设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的定义域为Ｒ,且满足条件ｆ（ａ＋ｘ）＝ｆ（ｂ－ｘ）,则函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的图象关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２成轴对称．证明设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）图象上任一点为Ｐ′（ｘ′,ｙ′）,它关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２的对称点为Ｐ（ｘ,ｙ）,则ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ－ｘ′...     

Conceptualizations of slope in Mexican intended curriculum

Slope is a fundamental mathematics concept in middle and high school that transcends to the university level. An understanding of slope is needed at the university level since slope plays an important role in understanding problems involving variation and change. In this study Mexican curricula documents were examined to determine which conceptualizations of slope are addressed in the intended mathematics curriculum. To explain the results, we use conceptualizations of slope identified in previous research. Our findings reveal that, to a certain extent, the conceptualizations proposed in the Mexican intended mathematics curriculum differ slightly in terms of the emphasis and timing of instruction from what others have identified in the U.S., with slope as a geometric ratio receiving less emphasis in the Mexican curriculum. There was also noted discontinuity within the Mexican curriculum in introducing slope in grade 9 and subsequently introducing of linear functions in grade 10 without explicit mention of slope. Suggestions are made for future studies, both to consider the conceptualizations of slope promoted in the Mexican textbooks and the impact they have in classroom instruction and student learning of slope.     

PANEL DISCUSSIONS

Representations of mathematical concepts play an important role in understanding: both in helping learners understand the to-be-learned material and in facilitating teachers’ understanding of pedagogical processes which, in turn, are involved in developing learners’ understanding. In this paper, we report on work with a cohort of pre-service primary teachers, with the aim of developing their understanding of mathematics, their confidence in their subject knowledge and their confidence in teaching mathematics. This was attempted through the introduction and use of a ‘representational approach’ to the teaching of the mathematical concepts required of teachers training to teach in primary schools in the UK. We present the results of attitude measures and a follow-up qualitative questionnaire in identifying whether and how the use of this representational approach supported pre-service teachers’ understanding and their confidence in teaching mathematics. The results suggest that the representational approach used had a positively significant impact on the attitudes towards studying and teaching mathematics.     

Academics’ perceptions of the use and relevance of software in quantitative and financial disciplines

Software may be used in university teaching both to enhance student learning of discipline-content knowledge and skills, and to equip students with capabilities that will be useful in their future careers. Although research has indicated that software may be used as an effective way of engaging students and enhancing learning in certain scenarios, relatively little is known about academic practices with regard to the use of software more generally or about the extent to which this software is subsequently used by graduates in the workplace. This article reports on the results of a survey of academics in quantitative and financial disciplines, which is part of a broader study also encompassing recent graduates and employers. Results indicate that a variety of software packages are in widespread use in university programmes in quantitative and financial disciplines. Most surveyed academics believe that the use of software enhances learning and enables students to solve otherwise intractable problems. A majority also rate spreadsheet skills in particular as very important for the employability of graduates. A better understanding of the use of software in university teaching points the way to how curricula can be revised to enhance learning and prepare graduates for professional work.     

Orlicz型序列空间的暴露性

对赋Luxember范数或Orlicz范数的Orlicz型序列空间,诸如古典的、广义的及参数式的,本文总结、补充、比较列出了暴露点及暴露性的充分必要刻画,并对以往结果中的错误进行了修正,从而在序列空间方面系统地完成了有关暴露性的刻画。     

中国运筹学发展研究报告

运筹学是自20世纪三四十年代发展起来的一门新兴交叉学科,主要研究如何应用数学和计算的理论与方法对社会系统和工程系统做出最优或满意的决策。为了更好地推动中国运筹学及相关领域的研究和应用,学会组织国内运筹学领域的部分专家,并参考了国内外运筹学多个分支代表性人物对运筹学的起源和发展的回忆与评述,共同完成了此报告。报告概述了运筹学的主要特征和方法,简述了运筹学的发展历程,剖析了运筹学研究中的成功经验,综述了运筹学几个主要分支的发展状况,介绍了运筹学中十几个有代表性的难题,展望了运筹学未来发展的方向。希望此报告能引起读者进一步思考运筹学的本质,运筹学是如何成长和将如何发展,并在一定程度上推动中国运筹学更好地发展。     

Modeling and simulation of severe slugging in air-water systems including inertial effects

A mathematical model and numerical simulations corresponding to severe slugging in air-water pipeline-riser systems are presented. The mathematical model considers continuity equations for liquid and gas phases, with a simplified momentum equation for the mixture. A drift-flux model, evaluated for the local conditions in the riser, is used as a closure law. In many models appearing in the literature, propagation of pressure waves is neglected both in the pipeline and in the riser. Besides, variations of void fraction in the stratified flow in the pipeline are also neglected and the void fraction obtained from the stationary state is used in the simulations. This paper shows an improvement in a model previously published by the author, including inertial effects. In the riser, inertial terms are taken into account by using the rigid water-hammer approximation. In the pipeline, the local acceleration of the water and gas phases are included in the momentum equations for stratified flow, allowing to calculate the instantaneous values of pressure drop and void fraction. The developed model predicts the location of the liquid accumulation front in the pipeline and the liquid level in the riser, so it is possible to determine which type of severe slugging occurs in the system. A comparison is made with experimental results published in literature including a choke valve and gas injection at the bottom of the riser, showing very good results for slugging cycle and stability maps. Simulations were also made assessing the effect of different strategies to mitigate severe slugging, such as choking, gas injection and increase in separation pressure, showing correct trends.     

My agents love to conform: Norms and emotion in the micro-macro link

This contribution investigates the function of emotion in relation to norms, both in natural and artificial societies. We illustrate that unintentional behavior can be normative and socially functional at the same time, thereby highlighting the role of emotion. Conceiving of norms as mental objects we then examine the role of emotion in maintaining and enforcing such propositional attitudes. The findings are subsequently related to social structural dynamics and questions concerning micro-macro linkage, in natural societies as well as in artificial systems. Finally, we outline the possibilities of an application to the socionic multi-agent architecture SONAR. Christian von Scheve graduated in Sociology with minors in Psychology, Economics, and Political Science at the University of Hamburg, where he also worked as a research assistant at the Institute of Sociology. Currently, he is a 3rd year PhD student at the University of Hamburg. He was a Fellow of the Research Group “Emotions as Bio-Cultural Processes” at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZiF) at Bielefeld University. In his doctoral thesis he develops an interdisciplinary approach to emotion and social structural dynamics, integrating emotion theories from the neurosciences, psychology, and the social sciences. He has published on the role of emotion in large-scale social systems, human-computer interaction, and multi-agent systems. He is co-editor of a forthcoming volume on emotion regulation. Daniel Moldt received his BSc in Computer Science/Software Engineering from the University of Birmingham (England) in 1984, graduated in Informatics at the University of Hamburg, with a minor in Economics in 1990. He received his PhD in Informatics from the University of Hamburg in 1996, where he has been a researcher and lecturer at the Department of Informatics since 1990. Daniel Moldt is also the head of the Laboratory for Agent-Oriented Systems (LAOS) of the theoretical foundations group at the Department of Informatics. His research interests focus on theoretical foundations, software engineering and distributed systems with an emphasis on agent technology, Petri nets, specification languages, intra- and inter-organizational application development, Socionics and emotion in informatics. Julia Fix is currently a PhD student at the Theoretical Foundations of Computer Science Group, Department for Informatics at the University of Hamburg. She studied Informatics and Psychology at the University of Hamburg, with an emphasis on theoretical foundations of multi-agent systems and wrote her diploma theses about emotional agent systems. Her current research interests focus on conceptual challenges and theoretical foundations of modelling emotions in multi-agent systems, emotion-based norm enforcement and maintenance, and Socionics. A further research focus are Petri nets, in particular the use of Petri-net modelling formalisms for representing different aspects of emotion in agent systems. Rolf von Lüde is a professor of Sociology at the University of Hamburg with a focus in teaching and research in Sociology of Organizations, Work and Industry since 1996. He graduated in Economics, Sociology, and Psychology, and received his doctorate in Economics and the venia legendi in Sociology from the University of Dortmund. His current research focuses on labor conditions, the organization of production, social change and the educational system, the organizational structures of university, Socionics as a new approach to distributed artificial intelligence in cooperation with computer scientists, new public management, and emotions and social structures. Rolf von Lüde is currently Head of Department of Social Sciences and Vice Dean of the School of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, University of Hamburg.     

黑龙江漠河地区冰雪情自动监测系统的设计与应用

基于空气、冰、雪与水物理特性的差异,设计了适应高寒地区内陆河道冰雪情定点自动检测的传感器和数据采集系统设备.该系统被安装在黑龙江省漠河县北极村水位站黑龙江河道断面,进行了3个半月的冰雪情定点连续监测,获取了系统的黑龙江河道内部冰水情以与积雪深度现场数据.采集数据完整地反映了黑龙江河道冬季冰层和雪层生消变化过程,为分析高寒地区冬季冰雪情变化规律以及春季凌汛预警提供了科学的预测数据,并探索出了一种适合野外恶劣环境下工程应用的冰雪情检测方法和系统设备.     

非参数秩检验在宿舍因素对学风影响中的应用

学风建设是大学教育教学管理中的重要环节,对学生的学习成绩、顺利毕业和就业等都有至关重要的影响。宿舍是学生学习和生活的重要场所,本文应用非参数统计秩检验和中位数检验研究了宿舍对学生学业成绩的影响,得到目前大学宿舍因素对学生学业成绩的影响高度显著,进而建议高等学校应加强学生宿舍管理,把宿舍作为学风建设的重要环节。     

社会防控与信息公开：重大传染病疫情的演化机理与预测模型

世界各国对新冠肺炎疫情的抗疫模式产生了严重的分歧。本文根据中国新冠肺炎疫情防控的体制动员成功经验,将社会公共卫生防控措施的博弈因素与传染病模型相结合,构建了重大传染病疫情演化机理与情境预测的演化博弈模型。通过将传染病传播模型中感染系数参数加以内生化,解释了社会动员体制在疫情初期防控中的关键作用。最后使用感染系数内生化的SI模型分别对美国、意大利和中国三种抗疫模式进行Logistic方程拟合和峰值点分析,并将结果进行比对。本文研究表明,在缺少有效疫苗的情况下,采取隔离和政府疫情信息公开的中国疫情防控模式,在新型重大传染病疫情防控过程中发挥着关键性作用。