五元联系数在高职院校学生综合素质评价中的应用

学生综合素质评价是高校素质教育测量的重要侧面,其综合素质的概念、评价指标内容的确定、权重的分配及评价方法选定直接影响着学生评价的客观性和公正性,采用"三选"法概括评价指标,用矩阵法确定各指标的权重,利用五元联系数建立数学模型试行评价,最后算例表明了它的有效性和实用性.     

基于FAHP的大学生综合素质评价研究——以江西某高校为例

大学生综合素质被看作是一个学校乃至一个国家人才发展潜力和综合竞争力的体现,科学合理地评价大学生综合素质对于国家的教育发展具有重要意义.选取了14个指标,建立了基于思想道德素质、专业文化素质、实践创新素质和身体心理素质四个方面的大学生综合素质评价指标体系.在此基础上,以江西某高校为例,通过调查问卷的方式获取了大学生对于评价体系中各指标的评价数据,继而运用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对大学生综合素质进行了定量评价分析,研究结果发现,该校大学生综合素质仍然处于中等偏上的水平,以后仍待进一步提高.     

灰关联模式评估模型在大学生体质健康水平综合评价中的应用

针对在大学生体质健康水平评价过程中指标权重确定、评价标准区分度等问题,讨论了单层和多层灰关联模式评估模型,并在权重的确定上采用熵权系数,以此为基础构建大学生体质健康水平综合评价体系,客观反映了大学生体质健康水平及个体间的差异.     

模糊综合评判在学生素质培养制约系统评价中的应用

将模糊综合评判原理 ,应用于学生素质培养制约因素的评价系统中 ,给出了一种权重计算方法 ,建立了学生素质培养制约因素评价系统的数学模型 .     

管制员综合素质评价方法研究

管制员综合素质对管制系统安全运行有着重要的作用.为保证管制系统安全运行,提出了一种使用三元区间数基本理论的管制员综合素质评价方法,对管制员综合素质进行评价.根据少数服从多数原则,给出了一种计算群决策专家权重系数的新方法,考虑专家系数,给出了一种构造三元区间数的方法,通过排序函数确定最大三元区间数,通过指标对应三元区间数与最大区间数比值的模确定指标初始权重,并对指标权重公平化处理,得到指标最终权重,并在此基础上建立了管制员综合素质评价模型.算例结果表明,所提出的评价方法能够度管制员综合素质进行有效评价.     

主客观赋权合成指标权重及其在公共卫生综合评价中的应用

目的:探讨综合评价中指标权重的确定.方法:将相似权法和属性AHM赋权法相结合来确定指标权重,并应用于公共卫生质量的综合评价.结果:实现了对太原市5所普通旅店的聚类与排序;结论:主客观赋权合成指标权重,既充分利用了样本资料的统计信息,又反映了专家的理论知识和经验,可得到较为客观、合理的指标权重,将此权重用于综合评价,其结果准确可靠.     

大学毕业生综合素质的模糊综合评价

为了建立一套对大学毕业生综合素质进行科学、合理检测的评价体系，本文首先建立了一套反映大学毕业生综合素质的定性与定量相结合的二级指标体系，然后采用专家打分和层次分析法确定了各级指标的权重，再通过对具体同学所对应的各级素质指标进行评价和采用模糊算法计算得到了该同学的综合素质分。该评价体系简单方便，有助于用人单位选拔到合适的人才。     

基于模糊数学理论的大学生思想政治教育实效性综合评价模型

构建了大学生思想政治教育实效性评价指标体系并利用AHP法确定各级指标权重.基于模糊数学理论,将大学生思想政治教育实效性水平划分为优秀、良好、中等、合格与不合格5个评价等级,并成立测评小组对评价对象各指标评分定'级,据此确定各级指标隶属度,建立了大学生思想政治教育实效性多级模糊综合评价模型,实现了定性问题的定量处理.为了验证该评价模型的评价效果,选取社科系2013级学号2013014003学生进行评价,将评价结果与参考文献所述方法评价结果进行比较,两者结果具有一致性,表明该模型可以用于大学生思想政治教育实效性评价.     

基于模糊数学理论的大学生思想政治教育实效性综合评价模型北大核心

构建了大学生思想政治教育实效性评价指标体系并利用AHP法确定各级指标权重.基于模糊数学理论,将大学生思想政治教育实效性水平划分为优秀、良好、中等、合格与不合格5个评价等级,并成立测评小组对评价对象各指标评分定'级,据此确定各级指标隶属度,建立了大学生思想政治教育实效性多级模糊综合评价模型,实现了定性问题的定量处理.为了验证该评价模型的评价效果,选取社科系2013级学号2013014003学生进行评价,将评价结果与参考文献所述方法评价结果进行比较,两者结果具有一致性,表明该模型可以用于大学生思想政治教育实效性评价.     

基于组合权重的系统评价模型

提出了基于组合权重的系统评价新模型 ( CWSE) ,即 :直接根据评价指标样本数据集 ,用基于加速遗传算法的投影寻踪方法确定各评价指标的分类权重 ,用基于加速遗传算法的层次分析法确定各评价指标的排序权重 ,用加速遗传算法对各评价指标的分类权重和排序权重进行综合得到组合权重 ,然后以这些组合权重与各评价对象相应评价指标的标准化值进行加权平均 ,得到系统评价的综合指标值 ,据此可对各评价对象进行分类排序 .用 CW SE模型评价中国 30个区域 1995年开发度的结果表明 ,根据开发度的强弱可把这些区域分成 3个强开发区域、6个较强开发区域、10个中等开发区域和 11个弱开发区域 ;CWSE模型简便、通用 ,计算结果较为客观和稳定 ,为系统工程理论和实践提供了新的研究方法 .     

Morality,tax evasion,and equity

This paper considers tax evasion with morality and its implication for equity of the tax system. In the standard model of tax evasion without moral costs, higher-income taxpayers evade more, relative to their incomes, than lower-income taxpayers, and evasion makes the tax system regressive. With moral costs, equity of the tax system depends on the degree of morality. As the level of morality in society increases, it increases moral costs of evasion and evasion become inferior. Higher-income taxpayers evade less and pay more taxes, and evasion makes the tax system progressive for a high level of morality. The opposite holds true and evasion makes the tax system regressive for a low level of morality.     

供应链网络道德风险演化与仿真研究

针对目前供应链网络存在的越来越严重的道德风险问题,利用演化博弈和系统动力学理论,从供应链网络结构入手,对其演化过程进行了研究。首先基于供应商之间合作过程中的诚信和败德行为,建立供应链网络同级企业间道德风险的演化博弈模型,并分析了其演化路径。其次通过对制造商和供应商之间博弈的动态性分析,建立供应链网络上下游企业间道德风险演化的SD模型,并对其演化过程进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:供应链网络道德风险的演化结果取决于网络内败德企业获得的超额收益、收益调整程度、惩罚力度和惩罚机制。另外,罚款力度大小与供应链网络道德风险演化的动态性密切相关;动态惩罚机制在其演化的波动性控制方面,具有明显效果。     

虚拟第三方下供应链激励协调

为了解决供应商隐藏成本信息、销售商隐藏努力行动所引起的逆向选择和道德风险问题,文章基于委托代理理论,引入虚拟第三方为协调主体,分别站在供应商和销售商的角度,通过设计合适的契约激励销售商努力工作和供应商“说真话”。研究结果表明,当供应链中只有道德风险存在时,可以通过如(16)式的契约(其中契约参数λ∈[0,1])实现供应链的完美协调;但是,当供应链中不仅仅存在道德风险还存在逆向选择时,该契约参数不再是区间[0,1]上任意的值,而是与供应链交易量q及供应商的生产成本c相关的定值(满足(29)式),此时的供应链才能实现协调;在该契约下,为获得更多的利益,供应商更有动机降低自身生产成本,销售商也更有积极性提高努力水平,从而实现“双赢”。最后,通过数值算例对模型进行了应用分析。     

Using Form and Function Analogy Object Boxes to Teach Human Body Systems

This study compares the use of form and function analogy object boxes to more traditional lecture and worksheet instruction during a 10th‐grade unit on human body systems. The study was conducted with two classes (N= 32) of mixed ability students at a high‐needs rural high school in central New York State. The study used a pretest/posttest design, in which the two classes alternated between conditions for the four systems (skeletal, digestive, immune, nervous). Both conditions involved students in quality instruction addressing the same concepts for the same amount of time. Additionally, all students participated in hands‐on labs. The experimental condition presented students with a set of objects analogous in form and function to parts of a human body system. Students matched objects with cards describing body system parts, mapped the analogies on a chart, generated alternative objects that could be used for the analogy, and finally, created new analogies for other body system parts. Students made significantly higher posttest and gain scores on material learned in the experimental condition, with a mean gain score average of 12.4 points out of 25, compared to 6.2 points in the control condition. Cohen's Effect Size was large, 1.36.     

An agent-based simulation model to evaluate alternative co-payment scenarios for contributing to health systems financing

Ageing populations, rapid technological progress and recent public budget cuts currently threaten the sustainability of public health systems. To meet growing needs with declining resources, decision-makers must identify new ways to avoid reducing the quality of services offered to citizens. This paper focuses on the so-called “co-payment” tools aimed to obtain additional resources for the public health budget directly from citizens. Whereas certain forms of co-payments have always been introduced within health systems to prevent moral hazard behaviours, other co-payment mechanisms are explicitly intended to help finance public healthcare systems. Literature and empirical findings do not agree about the final impact of such co-payment tools, particularly whether they can attain system sustainability and guarantee equitably delivered services. In this paper, we develop an agent-based simulation model which can be used by decision-makers as a decision support tool to compare different co-payment rules and evaluate their impact on the public budget and the health expense of different groups of citizens.     

Appraisals of harms and injustice trigger an eerie feeling that decreases trust in artificial intelligence systems

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more pervasive, the concern over how users can trust artificial agents is more important than ever before. In this research, we seek to understand the trust formation between humans and artificial agents from the morality and uncanny theory perspective. We conducted three studies to carefully examine the effect of two moral foundations: perceptions of harm and perceptions of injustice, as well as reported wrongdoing on uncanniness and examine the effect of uncanniness on trust in artificial agents. In Study 1, we found perceived injustice was the primary determinant of uncanniness and uncanniness had a negative effect on trust. Studies 2 and 3 extended these findings using two different scenarios of wrongful acts involving an artificial agent. In addition to explaining the contribution of moral appraisals to the feeling of uncanny, the latter studies also uncover substantial contributions of both perceived harm and perceived injustice. The results provide a foundation for establishing trust in artificial agents and designing an AI system by instilling moral values in it.

     

Determining the chemical composition of an inhomogeneous body by multi-energy radiography

Under consideration is the problem of determining the chemical composition of an inhomogeneous body consisting of several homogeneous parts by the method of multi-energy radiography. The internal structure of the body is assumed known. At the first stage of the solution, screening of the body is carried by the collimated beam of X-rays along some specially chosen collection of straight lines at a given set of energies; and, by solving a system of linear algebraic equations, the values of the attenuation coefficients are obtained in each homogeneous part of the body. Under some additional assumptions, the possible chemical composition of these parts is found. The analysis is conducted of the influence of measurement errors on the quality of the so-obtained solution. The results are illustrated by some examples of calculations. The proposed method can be used in nondestructive control, customs control, and medicine.     

造船企业与供应商产品质量演化博弈分析

船舶作为大型复杂系统产品,其上游供应商所提供的零部件质量会对最终产品的质量产生重要影响。在考虑造船企业和供应商质量策略和收益的基础上,本文构建了双方的演化博弈模型,对其策略的稳定性开展分析;进一步地,引入了造船企业的动态惩罚措施研究如何对双方的策略产生影响。研究结果表明:(1)造船企业对配套供应商采取产品质量提升措施的奖励和惩罚力度、供应商采取相应措施的收益与成本会直接影响博弈的相关结果;(2)造船企业和配套供应商在三种条件下存在各自的演化稳定策略,同时在一定条件下系统的演化过程呈现周期性质的特征;(3)当造船企业采取动态惩罚措施时,此博弈模型存在稳定的Nash均衡点。研究结果可以为造船企业督促供应商改善供货质量提供决策支持。     

Moral responsibility—What is all the fuss about?

Examination of several accounts regarding the nature of moral responsibility allows the extraction of a conceptual core common to all of them. Relying on that core conception of moral responsibility, the paper explores what human life without moral responsibility would be like. That exploration establishes that many robust forms of human relationship and nonmoral normativity could continue, absent moral responsibility, even if moral responsibility were abandoned on incompatibilist grounds. Much more importantly, it also establishes, contra Waller and Pereboom, that only some forms of morality—so-called “behavioral” forms—remain possible without moral responsibility. The paper argues that normative moral approaches that take into account agent intentions in order to assess the moral status of action cannot be applied without moral responsibility of agents. Thus, morality without responsibility needs to be behavioral, not consequentialist, as has often been thought.     

Moral mid-level principles in modeling

Modelers, especially in operational research, are becoming increasingly aware that their role in decision-making raises moral problems. This paper discusses two questions: How do moral issues in modeling arise? How can these moral issues be addressed? I propose a framework that (1) provides tools for discovering moral issues raised by models, and (2) provides practical guidance for solving moral problems in modeling. As regards (1), I discuss three moral perspectives on modeling: a perspective that focuses on the beneficial or harmful consequences of using a model; a perspective that focuses on the intentions of using a model; and a perspective that focuses on whether a model promotes virtuous behavior. In order to achieve practical action guidance, (2), four moral mid-level principles are introduced: (i) The principle of transparency expresses the obligations to explain the structure, assumptions and further properties of the model; (ii) the principle of integrity demands for the application of professional standards; (iii) the principle of comprehensiveness stresses that all moral concerns should be acknowledged thoroughly; and finally, (iv) the principle of efficacy states that models should evaluate moral issues explicitly.