Hardy Spaces, Regularized BMO Spaces and the Boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund Operators on Non-homogeneous Spaces

One defines a non-homogeneous space (X,μ) as a metric space equipped with a non-doubling measure μ so that the volume of the ball with center x, radius r has an upper bound of the form r ⁿ for some n>0. The aim of this paper is to study the boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operators T on various function spaces on (X,μ) such as the Hardy spaces, the L ^p spaces, and the regularized BMO spaces. This article thus extends the work of X. Tolsa (Math. Ann. 319:89–149, 2011) on the non-homogeneous space (? ⁿ ,μ) to the setting of a general non-homogeneous space (X,μ). Our framework of the non-homogeneous space (X,μ) is similar to that of Hytönen (2011) and we are able to obtain quite a few properties similar to those of Calderón–Zygmund operators on doubling spaces such as the weak type (1,1) estimate, boundedness from Hardy space into L ¹, boundedness from L ^∞ into the regularized BMO, and an interpolation theorem. Furthermore, we prove that the dual space of the Hardy space is the regularized BMO space, obtain a Calderón–Zygmund decomposition on the non-homogeneous space (X,μ), and use this decomposition to show the boundedness of the maximal operators in the form of a Cotlar inequality as well as the boundedness of commutators of Calderón–Zygmund operators and BMO functions.     

Bifurcation analysis on a diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey model

This paper is concerned with a diffusive Holling–Tanner predator–prey model subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. By choosing the ratio of intrinsic growth rates of predator to prey λ as the bifurcation parameter, we find that spatially homogeneous and non-homogeneous Hopf bifurcation occur at the positive constant steady state as λ varies. The steady state bifurcation of simple and double eigenvalues are intensively investigated. The techniques of space decomposition and the implicit function theorem are adopted to deal with the case of double eigenvalues. Our results show that this model can exhibit spatially non-homogeneous periodic and stationary patterns induced by the parameter λ. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.     

Korn's inequality and Donati's theorem for the conformal Killing operator on pseudo-Euclidean space

We prove the Korn's inequality for the conformal Killing operator on pseudo-Euclidean space Rp,q, and an existence theorem for solutions to the non-homogeneous conformal Killing equation, which is a pseudo-Euclidean conformal generalization of Donati's theorem for Euclidean Killing operator.     

Hilbert's double series theorem extended to the case of non-homogeneous kernels

Sharp version of celebrated Hilbert's double series theorem is given in the case of non-homogeneous kernel. The main mathematical tools are: the integral representation of Mathieu's (a,λ)-series, the Hölder inequality and an extension of the double series theorem by Yang.     

Multiple solutions for a nonlinear and non-homogeneous problem in Orlicz-Sobolev spaces

We study a non-homogeneous boundary value problem in a smooth bounded domain in R^N. We prove the existence of at least two non-negative and non-trivial weak solutions. Our approach relies on Orlicz-Sobolev spaces theory combined with adequate variational methods and a variant of Mountain Pass Lemma.     

Large deviation principle of stochastic differential equations with non-Lipschitzian coefficients

We study the large deviation principle of stochastic differential equations with non-Lipschitzian and non-homogeneous coefficients. We consider at first the large deviation principle when the coefficients σ and b are bounded, then we generalize the conclusion to unbounded case by using bounded approximation program. Our results are generalization of S. Fang-T. Zhang＇s results.     

Perron’s Method and Wiener’s Theorem for a Nonlocal Equation

We study the Dirichlet problem for non-homogeneous equations involving the fractional p-Laplacian. We apply Perron’s method and prove Wiener’s resolutivity theorem.     

Endpoint Estimates for Generalized Multilinear Fractional Integrals on the Non-homogeneous Metric Spaces

In this paper, some endpoint estimates for the generalized multilinear fractional integrals I_(α,m) on the non-homogeneous metric spaces are established.     

Solving Non-Homogeneous Nested Recursions Using Trees

The solutions to certain nested recursions, such as Conolly’s C(n) = C(n?C(n?1)) + C(n?1?C(n?2)), with initial conditions C(1) = 1, C(2) = 2, have a well-established combinatorial interpretation in terms of counting leaves in an infinite binary tree. This tree-based interpretation, and its generalization to a similar k-term nested recursion, only apply to homogeneous recursions and only solve each recursion for one set of initial conditions determined by the tree. In this paper, we extend the tree-based interpretation to solve a non-homogeneous version of the k-term recursion that includes a constant term. To do so we introduce a tree-grafting methodology that inserts copies of a finite tree into the infinite k-ary tree associated with the solution of the corresponding homogeneous k-term recursion. This technique also solves the given non-homogeneous recursion with various sets of initial conditions.     

Local <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tb</Emphasis> theorem with <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Superscript>2</Superscript> testing conditions and general measures: square functions

Local Tb theorems with L ^p type testing conditions, which are not scale invariant, have been studied widely in the case of the Lebesgue measure. In the non-homogeneous world local Tb theorems have only been proved assuming scale invariant (L ^∞ or BMO) testing conditions. In this paper, for the first time, we overcome these obstacles in the non-homogeneous world, and prove a nonhomogeneous local Tb theorem with L ² type testing conditions. This paper is in the setting of the vertical and conical square functions defined using general measures and kernels. On the technique side, we demonstrate a trick of inserting Calderón–Zygmund stopping data of a fixed function into the construction of the twisted martingale difference operators. This built-in control of averages is an alternative to Carleson embedding.     

On a non-homogeneous eigenvalue problem involving a potential: An Orlicz–Sobolev space setting

In this paper we study a non-homogeneous eigenvalue problem involving variable growth conditions and a potential V. The problem is analyzed in the context of Orlicz–Sobolev spaces. Connected with this problem we also study the optimization problem for the particular eigenvalue given by the infimum of the Rayleigh quotient associated to the problem with respect to the potential V when V lies in a bounded, closed and convex subset of a certain variable exponent Lebesgue space.     

Multiple solutions for non-homogeneous degenerate Schrödinger equations in cone Sobolev spaces

The present paper deals with the study of semilinear and non-homogeneous Schrödinger equations on a manifold with conical singularity. We provide a suitable constant by Sobolev embedding constant and for p ∈ (2, 2?) with respect to non-homogeneous term g(x) ∈ L ₂ ^n/2 (B), which helps to find multiple solutions of our problem. More precisely, we prove the existence of two solutions to the problem 1.1 with negative and positive energy in cone Sobolev space H _2,0 ^1,n/2 (B). Finally, we consider p = 2 and we prove the existence and uniqueness of Fuchsian-Poisson problem.     

Non-linear functionals of the Brownian bridge and some applications

Let {b^F(t),t∈[0,1]} be an F-Brownian bridge process. We study the asymptotic behaviour of non-linear functionals of regularizations by convolution of this process and apply these results to the estimation of the variance of a non-homogeneous diffusion and to the convergence of the number of crossings of a level by the regularized process to a modification of the local time of the Brownian bridge as the regularization parameter goes to 0.     

Large time behavior of solutions to a nonlinear integro-differential system

Asymptotic behavior of solutions as t→∞ to the nonlinear integro-differential system associated with the penetration of a magnetic field into a substance is studied. Initial-boundary value problems with two kinds of boundary data are considered. The first with homogeneous conditions on whole boundary and the second with non-homogeneous boundary data on one side of lateral boundary. The rates of convergence are given too.     

A test for superadditivity of the mean value function of a non-homogeneous Poisson process

Let N(t) be a non-homogeneous Poisson process with mean value function Λ(t) and rate of occurrence λ(t). We propose a conditional test of the hypothesis that the process is homogeneous, versus alternatives for which the mean value function is superadditive. Specific models leading to superadditivity are presented, and the superadditive test is compared, on the basis of consistency and asymptotic relative efficiency, with the Cox-Lewis test, the latter being directed to alternatives where λ(t) is increasing.     

The non-homogeneous flow of a thixotropic fluid around a sphere

The non-homogeneous flow of a thixotropic fluid around a settling sphere is simulated. A four-parameter Moore model is used for a generic thixotropic fluid and discontinuous Galerkin method is employed to solve the structure-kinetics equation coupled with the conservation equations of mass and momentum. Depending on the normalized falling velocity U*, which compares the time scale of structure formation and destruction, flow solutions are divided into three different regimes, which are attributed to an interplay of three competing factors: Brownian structure recovery, shear-induced structure breakdown, and the convection of microstructures. At small U*( ≪ 1), where the Brownian structure recovery is predominant, the thixotropic effect is negligible and flow solutions are not too dissimilar to that of a Newtonian fluid. As U* increases, a remarkable structural gradient is observed and the structure profile around the settling sphere is determined by the balance of all three competing factors. For large enough U*( ≫ 1), where the Brownian structure recovery becomes negligible, the balance between shear-induced structure breakdown and the convection plays a decisive role in determining flow profile. To quantify the interplay of three factors, the drag coefficient Cs of the sphere is investigated for ranges of U*. With this framework, the effect of the destruction parameter, the confinement ratio, and a possible nonlinearity in the model-form on the non-homogeneous flow of a thixotropy fluid have been addressed.     

Sevastyanov branching processes with non-homogeneous Poisson immigration

Sevastyanov age-dependent branching processes allowing an immigration component are considered in the case when the moments of immigration form a non-homogeneous Poisson process with intensity r(t). The asymptotic behavior of the expectation and of the probability of non-extinction is investigated in the critical case depending on the asymptotic rate of r(t). Corresponding limit theorems are also proved using different types of normalization. Among them we obtained limiting distributions similar to the classical ones of Yaglom (1947) and Sevastyanov (1957) and also discovered new phenomena due to the non-homogeneity.     

An analysis of the Wigner–Poisson problem with inflow boundary conditions

We present a study of the Wigner–Poisson problem in a bounded spatial domain with non-homogeneous and time-dependent “inflow” boundary conditions. This system of nonlinearly coupled equations is a mathematical model for quantum transport of charges in a semiconductor with external contacts. We prove well-posedness of the linearized n-dimensional problem as well as existence and uniqueness of a global-in-time, regular solution of the one-dimensional nonlinear problem.     

Positive values of non-homogeneous indefinite quadratic forms II

The minimum Γ_{r, r + 1} of positive values of non-homogeneous indefinite quadratic forms of type (r, r + 1), r ≥ 2, is determined. For r = 2, an isolation theorem is proved which is used in the result for r ≥ 3. Some asymmetric inequalities for forms of type (2, 2) needed for these results are also obtained.     

Analysis of a spatially extended nonlinear SEIS epidemic model with distinct incidence for exposed and infectives

We present a nonlinear SEIS epidemic model which incorporates distinct incidence rates for the exposed and the infected populations. The model is analyzed for stability and bifurcation behavior. To account for the realistic phenomenon of non-homogeneous mixing, the effect of diffusion on different population subclasses is considered. The diffusive model is analyzed using matrix stability theory and conditions for Turing bifurcation derived. Numerical simulations are performed to justify analytical findings.