涉及迹同伦范畴的几对伴随函子

Ｋ．Ａ．Ｈａｒｄｉｅ与Ｋ．Ｈ．Ｋａｍｐｓ研究过固定空间Ｂ上的迹同伦范畴（［１］）．他们引进了两对伴随函子ＰＢ┤ＮＢ与ｍ┤ｍ，此处ｍ：ＡＢ是固定映射，ＰＢ：ＨＢＨＢ与ｍ：ＨＡＨＢ是函子．我们在［２］中引进了分裂的范畴纤维化Ｌ：ＨｂＨＢ，并且证明了Ｌ┤Ｊ，Ｊ┤Ｌ．本文首先将ＰＢ┤ＮＢ推广到ＰＢｂ┤ＮＢｂ＃，其中ｂ：ＢＢ是任一固定映射，并且我们还得到涉及迹同伦范畴Ｈｂ与Ｈｂ的两对伴随函子，此处Ｈｂ是Ｈｂ的对偶．特别，Ｎｂ┤Ｐｂ不同于ＰＢ┤ＮＢ．     

锥线直角弦上点轨迹的统一讨论

欲求圆锥曲线上一点对其所对直角弦上射影的轨迹，有一种统一的解法，且解法简捷明快，思路清晰，今介绍如下．引理直线ｌ：ｌｘ＋ｍｙ＋ｎ＝０与常态二次曲线Φ：Ａｘ２＋Ｂｘｙ＋Ｃｙ２＋Ｄｘ＋Ｅｙ＋Ｆ＝０的两个交点为Ｑ和Ｒ，Ｏ为原点，ＯＱ⊥ＯＲ的充要条件为（Ａ＋...     

关于三角形面积划分的一个命题及其应用

关于三角形面积划分的一个命题及其应用２６４４００山东省文登市广播电视大学褚学璞已知凸ＡＢＣ三边ＢＣ、ＣＡ、ＡＢｆｏｒ别有。＿＿＿＿ＢＰ．ＣＱＡＲ＿＿＿点Ｐ、Ｑ、Ｒ且干＞一Ａ，云生一Ｐ，三百一ｙ．求由”‘”””””“““ＰＣ’”’ＱＡ””ＲＢ’””““...     

求定点坐标的一种方法

求定点坐标的一种方法李恒德（四川省潼南县梓潼中学６３２６６０）求定点直线系的定点坐标，已有多种解法．本文介绍一种求定点坐标的新方法，有时用来也很简便．定理若Ａ（ｔ）＝０与Ｂ（ｔ）＝０有解，则直线Ａ（Ｌ）·ｘ十Ｂ（Ｌ）·ｙ十Ｃ（Ｌ）＝０（ＬＥＲ）恒过定...     

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三角形内角的余弦方程及应用

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第39届IMO-5的简证

题目　设Ｉ为△ＡＢＣ的内心,Ｋ、Ｌ、Ｍ分别为△ＡＢＣ的内切圆在ＢＣ、ＣＡ、ＡＢ上的切点,已知通过点Ｂ与ＭＫ平行的直线分别与直线ＬＭ及ＬＫ交于Ｒ、Ｓ两点,求证∠ＲＩＳ为锐角．证明　记△ＡＢＣ的内切圆半径为ｒ,∵　ＲＳ∥ＭＫ且△ＭＫＬ为切点三角形,故　∠ＲＳＫ＝∠ＭＫＬ＝∠ＬＭＡ,∴　Ｓ、Ｌ、Ｍ、Ｂ四点共圆．故　ＲＢ·ＲＳ＝ＲＭ·ＲＬ．但Ｒ是圆Ｉ外一点,ＲＭ·ＲＬ＝ＲＩ２－ｒ２,∴　　ＲＢ·ＲＳ＝ＲＩ２－ｒ２（１）同理可知　ＳＢ·ＳＲ＝ＳＩ２－ｒ２（２）由（１）、（２）有ＲＩ２＋ＳＩ２－２ｒ２＝ＲＳ…     

关于算子方程AXB－X＝C的解─—纪念C．Apostol

本文给出了算子方程ＡＸＢ－Ｘ＝Ｃ可解的若干充要条件，其中（Ａ，Ｂ）为下列情形之一：Ａ或Ｂ有闭值域；Ａ（Ｂ＊）有闭值域并且是单射或者相似于一个协亚正规算子并且Ｂ（Ａ＊）是单侧移位；Ａ＋（Ｂ（＊＋））幂有界，其值域Ｒ（Ａ＋）　Ｒ（Ａ）（Ｒ（Ｂ）　Ｒ（Ｂ＋）并且Ｂ（Ａ＊）是单侧移位；Ａ＝Ｕ＊且Ｂ＝Ｕ是Ｈａｒｄｙ空间上重数为１的单侧移位．而且，给出了解的表达式．     

一、关于一个角平分线不等式的逆向讨论

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证明三角形不等式的一种方法

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Flat covers in abelian and in non-abelian categories

A general existence theorem for flat covers in (e.g., quasi-abelian) locally finitely presented categories is obtained from an additive Ramsey type theorem. In the abelian case, it is shown that flat covers always exist. Applications to categories of separated presheaves or sheaves, localizations of Bousfield type, torsion-free classes of finite type, and categories of filtered objects or complexes, are given.     

Flache T1-Stabilität in der Strati-fizierung verseller Entfaltungen

Let 0 be the local ring of a simple singularity defined over the complex numbers and the dimension of its versal deformation space. Than it is well known that any nearby singularity in this space is also simple and has smaller unfolding dimension in the hierarchy of simple singularities. In particular this implies that the =max-stratum consists just of one point namely the given singularity. We want to generalize this concept as we are interested in families of varieties with formal unchanged singularities. For this we introduce in quite generality the notion of flat T¹-stabi1ity which may be checked for any k- algebra 0 where k is for simplicity an algebraically closed field of à priori arbitrary characteristics. We call 0 formal flat T¹ stable or for short flat T¹-stable if the following is true: if R is any deformation of 0 over an Artin local finite k-algebra A and if T¹(R/A,R) is A-flat than R is isomorphic to the trivial deformation . T¹(R/A,R) is the first cotangent module of R over A with values in R. Obviously the simple singularities A_k, D_k, E₆, E₇, E₈ fulfill this criterion over C but we look also at fibres of arbitrary stable map germs, generic singularities of algebraic varieties where we have to modify this notion in order to deal with wild ramification and to quasihomo-genous hypersurface singularities where it functorializes because in this case T¹ commutes with arbitrary base change. The notion of flat T¹-stable singularities is closely related to questions of existence of equisingular families and is used in[12] and [5], [6] to stratify certain Hilbert schemes.     

因子von Neumann代数上导子的等价刻画

设R是含非平凡幂等元P的素环,C∈R,C=PC.本文证明可加映射△:R→R在C可导,即△(AB)=△(A)B+A△(B),A,B∈R,AB=C当且仅当存在导子δ:R→R,使得△(A)=δ(A)+△(I)A,A∈R.没有I_1型中心直和项的von Neumann代数上的可导映射也有类似结论.利用该结论证明了,若非零算子C∈B(X),使得ran(C)或ker(C)在X中可补,则可加映射△:B(X)→B(X)在C可导当且仅当它是导子.特别地,证明了因子von Neumann代数上的可加映射在任意但固定的非零算子可导当且仅当它是导子.     

On the exactness of flat resolvents

Let R be a left coherent ring, FP — idRR the FP — injective dimension of RR and wD(R) the weak global dimension of R. It is shown that 1) FP -idRR < n ( n > 0) if and only if every flat resolvent 0 → M → F° → F¹... of a finitely presented right R—module M is exact at F'(i > n?1) if and only if every nth F -cosyzygy of a finitely presented right R — module has a flat preenvelope which is a monomorphism; 2) wD(R) < n (n > 1) if and only if every (n?l)th F-cosyzygy of a finitely presented right R—module has a flat preenvelope which is an epimorphism; 3) wD(R) 0) if and only if every nth F — cosyzygy of a finitely presented right R — module is flat. In particular, left FC rings and left semihereditary rings are characterized     

Flattening and Subanalytic Sets in Rigid Analytic Geometry

Let K be an algebraically closed field endowed with a completenon-archimedean norm with valuation ring R. Let f: Y X be amap of K-affinoid varieties. In this paper we study the analyticstructure of the image f(Y) X; such an image is a typical exampleof a subanalytic set. We show that the subanalytic sets areprecisely the D-semianalytic sets, where D is the truncateddivision function first introduced by Denef and van den Dries.This result is most conveniently stated as a Quantifier Eliminationresult for the valuation ring R in an analytic expansion ofthe language of valued rings. To prove this we establish a Flattening Theorem for affinoidvarieties in the style of Hironaka, which allows a reductionto the study of subanalytic sets arising from flat maps, thatis, we show that a map of affinoid varieties can be renderedflat by using only finitely many local blowing ups. The caseof a flat map is then dealt with by a small extension of a resultof Raynaud and Gruson showing that the image of a flat map ofaffinoid varieties is open in the Grothendieck topology. Using Embedded Resolution of Singularities, we derive in thezero characteristic case, a Uniformization Theorem for subanalyticsets: a subanalytic set can be rendered semianalytic using onlyfinitely many local blowing ups with smooth centres. As a corollarywe obtain the fact that any subanalytic set in the plane R2is semianalytic. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 32P05,32B20, 13C11, 12J25, 03C10.     

Gorenstein Flat Covers and Gorenstein Cotorsion Modules Over Integral Group Rings

Every module over an Iwanaga–Gorenstein ring has a Gorenstein flat cover [13] (however, only a few nontrivial examples are known). Integral group rings over polycyclic-by-finite groups are Iwanaga–Gorenstein [10] and so their modules have such covers. In particular, modules over integral group rings of finite groups have these covers. In this article we initiate a study of these covers over these group rings. To do so we study the so-called Gorenstein cotorsion modules, i.e. the modules that split under Gorenstein flat modules. When the ring is ℤ, these are just the usual cotorsion modules. Harrison [16] gave a complete characterization of torsion free cotorsion ℤ-modules. We show that with appropriate modifications Harrison's results carry over to integral group rings ℤG when G is finite. So we classify the Gorenstein cotorsion modules which are also Gorenstein flat over these ℤG. Using these results we classify modules that can be the kernels of Gorenstein flat covers of integral group rings of finite groups. In so doing we necessarily give examples of such covers. We use the tools we develop to associate an integer invariant n with every finite group G and prime p. We show 1≤n≤|G : P| where P is a Sylow p-subgroup of G and gives some indication of the significance of this invariant. We also use the results of the paper to describe the co-Galois groups associated to the Gorenstein flat cover of a ℤG-module. Presented by A. Verschoren Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 20C05, 16E65.     

广义平坦模

主要探讨了CR 平坦模的性质 .利用半单模类推广了平坦模 ,得到了与平坦模相似的一些性质 .     

Sugli omomorfismi quasi étale e gli anelli eccellenti

Summary In this paper we define quasi étale ring homomorphisms, as a generalization of étale ones, and we show that if ϕ: A→B is a quasi étale homomorphism of noetherian rings, and A is excellent, then B is excellent. The converse is not always true; however we show that if ϕ is faithfully flat and regular (in particular qnasi étale), if A is universally catenarian and B is excellent, then A is excellent. The above statements can be applied when B is the henselization of A with respect to an ideal; and from this it follows that a Hensel pair is a direct limit of excellent ones.

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Lavoro eseguito nell’ambito del Comitato Nazionale per la Matematica del C.N.R.

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Entrata in Redazione il 25 Febbraio 1971.     

On weak-injective modules over integral domains

We show that a weak-injective module over an integral domain need not be pure-injective (Theorem 2.3). Equivalently, a torsion-free Enochs-cotorsion module over an integral domain is not necessarily pure-injective (Corollary 2.4). This solves a well-known open problem in the negative.In addition, we establish a close relation between flat covers and weak-injective envelopes of a module (Theorem 3.1). This yields a method of constructing weak-injective envelopes from flat covers (and vice versa). Similar relation exists between the Enochs-cotorsion envelopes and the weak dimension ?1 covers of modules (Theorem 3.2).     

Sur le produit tensoriel des groupes affines

Let A and B be two commutative affine group schemes over a field. There exists an affine group A?B such that Hom(A?B,C)?Bil(A×B,C) for any affine group C. We use technics of the commutative algebraic groups theory, in order to compute these tensor products and to characterize “flat” groups in the unipotent case. The tensor product of commutative affine groups has most properties of the usual tensor product but it is not always associative. As an application we prove a structure theorem of the category of modules over some affine connected prosmooth rings.