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1.
通过对一个中心仓库和N个零售商的二级分布库存系统进行分析,采用基本(S-1,S)库存策略,综合运用了排队法和M ETR IC近似法,提出了一种在中心仓库有损失销售的二级库存管理模型,该模型描述在中心仓库缺货情况下,多数零售商不等待延期付货,而直接与供应商订货,导致中心仓库就会因损失销售而产生机会成本.该模型可达到二级分布库存系统的总成本最小.  相似文献   

2.
考虑随机需求下单供应商和多零售商的生产-库存-运输联合优化问题.在独立决策时,各零售商独立决策其最优订货量和最优订货点,供应商根据各零售商的决策来为之配送.在联合决策时,由供应商统一决策各零售商的送货量和送货时间,并基于此建立单供应商与多零售商的生产-库存-运输优化模型,利用粒子群算法和模拟退火算法相结合的两阶段算法求出最优送货量、最优运输路径和最大期望总利润.然后采用收入共享契约将增加的利润合理分配给供应商和各零售商,使各方利润都得到增加,从而促使各方愿意合作.最后,通过数值算例验证了联合优化模型优于独立决策模型.  相似文献   

3.
考虑需求信息非对称环境下多个存在竞争的零售商的最优订货问题,每个零售商的需求分布函数未知,传统的通过最大化期望利润来求解最优订货量的方法此时不再适用,转而应用稳健优化中使用的方法-最小化最大后悔值方法.首先给出了零售商最优订货量的一般形式.其次考虑了问题的两种特殊情形:对称博弈、两个零售商的最优订货模型,得到:对称博弈存在Nash平衡点、竞争使得零售商订货量增大、信息不对称使得零售商订货量降低并且零售商的最优订货量在一定条件下会随回收残值的增大而增大;两个零售商最优订货模型下的最优订货量的具体形式.  相似文献   

4.
在激烈的市场竞争中,如何降低成本以及保证产品的新鲜度对于销售易腐性产品的零售商来说具有至关重要的意义.企业间通过实施联合采购可以降低采购成本,增加与供应商的谈判议价能力,因此联合采购受到越来越多的企业以及学者的关注.考虑了在非瞬时补货情况下多零售商向同一供应商联合采购某种易腐品的订货决策及费用分配问题.以易腐品联合采购过程中产生的订货费用作为分配的对象,应用合作博弈理论,将非瞬时补货情况下易腐品联合采购的费用分配问题构造成易腐品的联合采购博弈,证明了该博弈的核心非空且为子模博弈,并给出了核心中的一个分配方案,同时还讨论了补货速率对零售商分担的订货费用的影响.论文最后对几种典型的比例分配解的效率进行了模拟分析.  相似文献   

5.
本文针对一个供应商和零售商组成的供应链系统,主要研究零售商如何设计提前订货折扣来吸引顾客提前订货;而供应商如何根据市场需求的不确定性,设计零售商提前订货资金的付款时间等问题。在供应商-Stackelberg框架下,以期望利润为目标,建立了相应的决策模型。通过对模型的分析求解,给出了不同市场环境下供应商要求零售商支付提前订货资金的策略。最后,用算例验证了模型和理论分析的可行性。  相似文献   

6.
考虑一个由单一制造商和多销售点构成的二级集中式供应链,制造商采用积欠订货策略生产和销售产品,因而面临生产、运输和积欠订货型库存分配与补货的联合决策问题.综合考虑了延迟交货成本、库存持有成本、运输成本和生产成本,建立了最大化总利润的非线性混合整数规划模型,以联合优化供应链的生产、运输及库存分配方案.证明了最优的产品生产分配方案应该具有的结构性质:各个销售网点在任意销售间隔期末同时出现缺货或者库存剩余.同时,提出了基于逐级求解策略的分层求解算法,保证了解的全局最优性.最后,敏感性分析表明:单位产品的库存持有成本与延迟交货成本对最优分配次数及生产量的影响作用相反,固定运输成本也会影响制造商的分配方案及生产计划,但三者均不会影响每个间隔期末的产品分配方案(分配量).  相似文献   

7.
闵杰  李瑶  刘斌  欧剑 《运筹与管理》2020,29(4):165-170
销售商可通过二次订货以达到降低风险、增加利润的目的,然而在实际中由于生厂商供货能力不足等不可控因素,销售商往往无法确定何时能进行第二次订货。针对这种现象,本文研究二次订货时间不确定的报童问题,假设随机订货时间点和需求率均服从均匀分布,建立了带有随机订货点的两阶段报童模型,给出了两阶段最优期望总订货量,使得零售商在整个销售期内的期望利润达到最大值。最后通过数值算例,对比分析了本文的二次订购模型与传统一次订购模型,研究结果指出在整个销售期内二次订货可以提高零售商的期望利润。  相似文献   

8.
已有的二层信用支付的库存模型忽略了顾客的个体特征[1-10].在实际销售过程中,零售商常根据顾客的需求量不同实行不同的销售策略.为研究零售商根据顾客的年需求量不同给予不同的信用期的库存问题,以零售商的平均相关成本的最小化为目标建立相应的数学模型.文中分析了最优订货周期的存在性.最后,用数值例子来说明本模型.  相似文献   

9.
姚云飞  王仕新 《应用数学》2012,25(3):565-569
考虑到在实际中供应链上游供应商提供给下游零售商的信用支付期通常为一个订货周期,建立了缺陷率服从一定分布的缺陷产品在信用支付策略下的最优订货批量模型.模型中允许缺货发生并且以最大期望利润为目标函数,通过分析得到模型最优解.最后给出仿真实验,并且分析了模型参数变化对最优解的影响.  相似文献   

10.
考虑到易变质商品在一个销售周期内会有一定数量的商品发生变质,构建了一个考虑在一个销售周期内所产生的变质数量可折价回购以及库存水平影响需求的易变质品的库存模型,而且针对销售周期内的缺货数量,模型假定采取部分延迟订购的策略。针对这一模型,给出了平均利润函数并证明了其存在最优解,然后通过算例完成了不同销售价格、不同折价回购比例和不同库存影响因子条件下的最优订货策略的确定以及其余相关参数的灵敏度分析,分析结果可对零售商的订货策略有一定的参考价值.  相似文献   

11.
Yu-Jen Lin  Chia-Huei Ho 《TOP》2011,19(1):177-188
Quantity discount has been a subject of study for a long time; however, little is known about its effect on integrated inventory models when price-sensitive demand is placed. The objective of this study is to find the optimal pricing and ordering strategies for an integrated inventory system when a quantity discount policy is applied. The pricing strategy discussed here is one in which the vendor offers a quantity discount to the buyer. Then, the buyer will adjust his retail price based on the purchasing cost, which will influence the customer demand as a result. Consequently, an integrated inventory model is established to find the optimal solutions for order quantity, retail price, and the number of shipments from vendor to buyer in one production run, so that the joint total profit incurred has the maximum value. Also, numerical examples and a sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the results of the model.  相似文献   

12.
面向客户定制模式的供应链管理系统优化模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立供应链管理系统优化模型是构建高效率供应链以及发挥供应链优势的前提和基础 .本文建立了面向客户定制模式的集成的供应链管理系统优化模型 ,即一个多目标、具有约束的非线性混合规划模型 ,并提出了针对这种模型的求解思路 .通过对模型的仿真求解既可以优化选择供应链系统中涉及的相关协作企业 ,同时优化系统的订货、生产、库存策略 ,对构建高效率供应链管理系统具有重要意义 .  相似文献   

13.
线上线下结合营销模式有效缓解了流通渠道不畅和营销方式单一的问题,进而促进绿色产品消费。在相关假设的基础上,通过构建绿色产品零售企业和市场消费者的演化博弈模型,重现博弈主体的动态演进过程。研究结果表明,在线上线下结合营销模式中,绿色产品零售企业与消费者演化博弈系统存在两个可能的均衡状态,分别是O{维持传统营销策略,使用传统渠道购买产品}、C{建立线上营销策略,使用线上渠道购买产品}。演化博弈系统的演进受到9个相关因素的干扰,这些因素通过影响博弈主体的收益、成本及潜在的风险损失等发生作用。在理论推导的基础上,以被调研的A绿色产品零售企业为样本进行数值模拟,验证理论推导的正确性,给出上述影响因素的作用强度。  相似文献   

14.
Sarker和Parija(1996)建立了生产系统最优生产批量和原材料订购决策模型。然而他们的模型仅局限于单阶段生产系统,本文将他们的模型扩展到多阶段生产系统,我们首先建立了使整个多阶段生产系统总成本最小的各阶段最优生产批量、原材料订购批量及阶段之间的运输批量模型,然后分析了原材料订购费、半成品运费及设备安装费的敏感性。最后,我们结合实例综合分析了原材料订购费、半成品运输费和设备安装费的变化及最小值点取整后对原材料订购决策、最优生产批量和总成本的影响。  相似文献   

15.
钢管订购和运输策略   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
在铺设管道为一条线的情况下 ,我们建立了解决钢管订购和运输问题的非线性规划模型 .由于变量较少 ,约束条件大都为线性的 ,目标函数为二次函数 ,所以利用 Lingo软件 ,可以很快求得比较满意的订购和运输方案 .我们利用 Matlab软件 ,对所得到的数据进行拟合 ,得到相应的反映销价变化对总费用影响的曲线 ,然后比较各个钢厂钢管销价变化对总费用影响的大小 .对于钢厂钢管产量上限变化对总费用和购运计划的影响 ,我们也作了类似的处理 .如果要铺设的管道是树形图 ,我们对树形图的每条边定向 ,建立了与铺设管道为一条线时类似的数学模型 ,从而大大拓广了模型的使用范围 .在论文中 ,我们还对所建立的模型的优缺点和需要改进的方向进行了讨论  相似文献   

16.
Sourcing components in a complex global supplier network may lead to a high degree of supply uncertainty. Events, such as unexpected production defects or insufficient supplier capacity, can cause unexpected shortages of required components and halt the assembly of final products. Accordingly, the assembly enterprises must effectively manage various supply uncertainties in their component ordering decisions to avoid such component shortfalls. These issues have guided this research to investigate the optimal ordering strategies of an assembler facing the following two types of supply uncertainty: the uncertain production capacity of a standard component (component 1) and the random production yield of a core component (component 2). The assembler makes the component ordering decisions before these supply uncertainties are realized. We characterize the optimal ordering decision and find that the assembler should order components 1 and 2 according to a fixed ratio, which only depends on the random yield of component 2 and the production cost of component 1, but not on the uncertain capacity of component 1. A case study is presented to further explore the intertwined effects of these two uncertainties in an assembly system. Finally, the model is extended to consider a secondary option of buying additional component 1 s after observing some or all of the supply uncertainties, and this secondary option endows the firm with different capabilities in counteracting the supply uncertainties.  相似文献   

17.
In developing software systems, a manager’s goal is to design software using limited resources and meet the user requirements. One of the important user requirements concerns the reliability of the software. The decision to choose the right software modules (components) becomes extremely difficult because of the number of parameters to be considered while making the decision. If suitable components are not available, then the decision process is further complicated with build versus buy decisions. In this paper, we have formulated a fuzzy multi-objective approach to optimal decision “build-or-buy” for component selection for a fault-tolerant modular software system under the consensus recovery block scheme. A joint optimization model is formulated where the two objectives are maximization of system reliability and minimization of the system cost with a constraint on delivery time. An example of developing a retail system for small-and-medium-size enterprises is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.  相似文献   

18.
Supply chain models for small agricultural enterprises   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Small agricultural production enterprises have been under immense economic pressures for many years. It is our belief that a favorable impact can be made on small farm enterprises through the development and implementation of models that address their basic needs and open new markets and production initiatives. In this paper, we develop models for supply chain issues facing small farmers, solve them, and suggest their uses and future considerations. In particular, we consider B2C and B2B aspects of an agricultural supply chain model. The B2C aspect is considered in direct farmer to consumer sales in retail markets, while the B2B aspect is represented by transactions through agricultural cooperatives. We evaluate key strategic decisions such as whether to form cooperative agreements with other farmers and if so, how large to make the cooperative, and the production quantities at which farmers would like to sell directly to customers with or without using the cooperative.  相似文献   

19.
考虑一个产能受限的制造商和一个零售商组成的二级供应链上供需双方信息不完全对称的情景,研究具有单向替代的两种产品生产、订货及响应性定价的供应链决策问题,把问题建立成一个三阶段博弈模型。理论分析得出不同条件下制造商的最优产量及零售商的最优订货和定价决策。通过算例验证了供应链上的最优决策及其条件,灵敏度分析表明制造商产能、潜在市场需求及其方差、替代品的价格敏感系数在一定范围内增大有利于供应链系统及各成员利润增加,被替代产品的价格敏感系数增大可能会导致供应链及制造商利润下降。  相似文献   

20.
We investigate the value of accounting for demand seasonality in inventory control. Our problem is motivated by discussions with retailers who admitted to not taking perceived seasonality patterns into account in their replenishment systems. We consider a single-location, single-item periodic review lost sales inventory problem with seasonal demand in a retail environment. Customer demand has seasonality with a known season length, the lead time is shorter than the review period and orders are placed as multiples of a fixed batch size. The cost structure comprises of a fixed cost per order, a cost per batch, and a unit variable cost to model retail handling costs. We consider four different settings which differ in the degree of demand seasonality that is incorporated in the model: with or without within-review period variations and with or without across-review periods variations. In each case, we calculate the policy which minimizes the long-run average cost and compute the optimality gaps of the policies which ignore part or all demand seasonality. We find that not accounting for demand seasonality can lead to substantial optimality gaps, yet incorporating only some form of demand seasonality does not always lead to cost savings. We apply the problem to a real life setting, using Point-of-Sales data from a European retailer. We show that a simple distinction between weekday and weekend sales can lead to major cost reductions without greatly increasing the complexity of the retailer’s automatic store ordering system. Our analysis provides valuable insights on the tradeoff between the complexity of the automatic store ordering system and the benefits of incorporating demand seasonality.  相似文献   

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