多元化与公司风险研究

文章研究了公司的系统风险、债务风险和经营风险与公司的多元化程度的相关性。本文的实证结果表明,公司的系统风险与公司的多元化程度是正相关的;公司的债务风险与公司的多元化程度是正相关的;公司的经营风险与公司的多元化程度是负相关的。随着公司多元化程度加深,公司的经营风险会变小,但是公司面临的宏观的资本市场的系统风险和企业自身的债务风险,会随着变大。     

几何学概论（三）

（四）罗氏几何的光辉照亮了科学前进的道路我们来分析他的学说的哲学意义．住罗氏的时代,哲学中占统治地位的思想足康德的“不可知论”,按照这批人的说法,客观世界是存在的,但是不可知的,时间空间是人心的创造,是人心给经验安排的秩序,我们所确实知道的世界的规律性是人心按先天的原则所创造出来的,先天就是与经验无关的,     

极小圈模对与二元域拟阵的特征

研究极小圈模对与二元域拟阵的特征.首先给出拟阵M的极小圈模对,模对的并的秩与相应的超平面的交的秩三者的等价关系.在两个极小圈不等的条件下,证明了满足极小圈消去公理的极小圈是唯一的并且极小圈模对的对称差包含在其中,结合极小圈的对称差的表示,证明了极小圈与基的差的绝对值大于等于2.后面两个证明都把原来的必要条件推广为充要条件.最后,用M上不相同的极小圈,极小圈模对,极小圈的对称差表示,M上不相等的超平面,超平面的并不等于E及满足的秩等式极简单地刻划了二元域拟阵M的特征.     

科学计算用数字电子计算机的若干问题

数字电子计算机的发明与发展的主要动力是大型科学计算.计算机是应科学计算的需要而发明的,应科学计算的不断追求而迅速发展的.科学计算课题的要求是无限的,而计算机的解题能力是有限的,装备计算机的技术也是有限的.因此如何处处“节约”技术,最“经济”地使用技术,以当前有限的技术研制出计算能力尽可能大的计算机是科学计算工作者很关心的问题.     

关于无公度线段的问题

八年级的学生应当获得关于无公度线段(作为无公度的量的具体例子)的清晰概念,因为用数表示和度量单位无公度的量的需要,对引入无理数的必要性来说是一个主要的论据.事实上,仅以正方形的对角线和它的一边的无公度性为例,学生就能通晓无公度的量的存在的证明.     

关于非独立随机变量序列部分和的一个不等式及其应用

本文讨论的是一般随机变量部分和的处理方法,得到了非独立随机变量部分和的分布的一个不等式并给出了它的应用,证明了非负有界随机变量序列的部分和的收敛与它的相应的条件期望序列的部分和的收敛等价。     

不可压MHD系统的零耗散极限中的边界层

本文研究通常的Dirichlet物理边界条件下带有小而变化的黏性和磁扩散系数的不可压磁流体(MHD)方程组的初边值的极限问题;发现了一类非平凡的初值,对于这类初值能建立其Prandtl型边界层的一致稳定性,并且严格证明了理想的MHD方程组的解和Pandtl型边界层矫正子的叠加是黏性扩散不可压MHD方程的解的一致逼近.这里的主要困难是处理和控制由耗散的MHD系统和理想MHD系统边界条件差异产生的Prandtl型的奇异边界层.关键的观察是对于本文研究的初值,其解的速度场和磁场的边界层的主要奇异项存在有抵消现象.这使得我们能基于精细的能量方法来使用这个特殊结构带来的好处,从而克服在研究这类问题中通常不能解决的困难.此外,在黏性系数为固定的正常数情形,对于一般初值,也能建立磁场的扩散边界层的稳定性以及零磁扩散极限中解的一致收敛性.     

分段函数与初等函数关系及表达的讨论与进展

依据历史的延革、认知的进展,提出了关于初等函数的一个比较系统的概念;给出的限制域、存在域、定义域的概念,使函数的表达、相关的判断得以扩展,给出了分段函数初等性的一个简明的充分性判断;对于分段函数初等性主要的、广传的文献作了综述与评析,指出了存在的与需要研讨的问题.     

关于椭圆,双曲线及抛物线离心率的几何性质

平面解析几何中关于椭圆、双曲线及抛物线的离心率的定义分别是这样给出的：椭圆的焦距与长轴长的比ｅ＝ｃａ,叫做椭圆的离心率．双曲线的焦距与实轴长的比ｅ＝ｃａ,叫做双曲线的离心率,抛物线上的点与焦点的距离和准线的距离的比,叫做抛物线的离心率,用ｅ表示,按抛...     

数学课堂有效导入的实践

现在二期课改的核心理念是“以学生的学为主体,老师的教为辅”,但如何激发学生的主体学习？怎样让学生积极主动地参与学习？这是每个教育工作者应该积极思考与研究的课题．笔者认为一节课的有效的导入便成了激发学生主体去学的基本点之一．应该精心设计课堂的导入,能在较短的时间内吸引学生的注意力,激发其浓厚的学习兴趣,为课堂教学营造活跃和愉悦的学习氛围,对教学任务的顺利实现,教学目标的顺利达成能起到很好的辅助作用．如果仅仅是千篇一律的导入模式肯定是不行的,不同的教学内容常常需要不同的教学导入理念和导入方法．如何根据不同的教学内容实现数学课堂的有效导人呢？     

Eigenvector p-Bases of Rings of Constants of Derivations

Let A be a UFD of characteristic p > 0, let 𝒵 be a set of some eigenvectors of a derivation of A. We prove, under some additional assumptions, a necessary and sufficient condition for 𝒵 to be a p-basis of the minimal ring of constants containing 𝒵. The main preparatory result is the unique decomposition theorem with respect to a factor from a given subalgebra containing A^p.     

Estimation of the number of components of finite mixtures of multivariate distributions

An estimator of the number of components of a finite mixture ofk-dimensional distributions is given on the basis of a one-dimensional independent random sample obtained by a transformation of ak-dimensional independent random sample. A consistency of the estimator is shown. Some simulation results are given in a case of finite mixtures of two-dimensional normal distributions.     

有资格限制的指派问题的求解方法

在实际的指派工作中，常会遇到某个人有没有资格去承担某项工作的问题，因此，本建立了有资格限制的指派问题的数学模型。在此数学模型中，将效益矩阵转化为判定矩阵，由此给出了判定此种指派问题是否有解的方法；在有解的情况下，进一步将效益矩阵转化为求解矩阵，从而将有资格限制的指派问题化为传统的指派问题来求解。最后给出了一个数值例子来说明这样的处理方法是有效的。     

Asymptotic Behavior of Solutions of Equations of Main Resonance

We investigate a system of two first-order differential equations that appears when averaging nonlinear systems over fast one-frequency oscillations. The main result is the asymptotic behavior of a two-parameter family of solutions with an infinitely growing amplitude. In addition, we find the asymptotic behavior of another two-parameter family of solutions with a bounded amplitude. In particular, these results provide the key to understanding autoresonance as the phenomenon of a considerable growth of forced nonlinear oscillations initiated by a small external pumping.     

Admissibility of estimators of the probability of unobserved outcomes

The problem of estimating the probability of unobserved outcomes or, as it is sometimes called, the conditional probability of a new species, is studied. Good's estimator, which is essentially the same as Robbins' estimator, namely the number of singleton species observed divided by the sample size, is studied from a decision theory point of view. The results obtained are as follows: (1) When the total number of different species is assumed bounded by some known number, Good's and Robbins' estimators are inadmissible for squared error loss. (2) If the number of different species can be infinite, Good's and Robbins' estimators are admissible for squared error loss. (3) Whereas Robbins' estimator is a UMVUE for theunconditional probability of a new species obtained in one extra sample point, Robbins' estimator is not a uniformly minimum mean squared error unbiased estimator of the conditional probability of a new species. This answers a question raised by Robbins. (4) It is shown that for Robbins' model and squared error loss, there are admissible Bayes estimators which do not depend only on a minimal sufficient statistic. A discussion of interpretations and significance of the results is offered. Research supported by NSF Grant DMS-88-22622.     

Applications of Parameterizations of Oblique Duals of a Frame Sequence

Two parameterizations of oblique duals of a given frame sequence are applied to show that the sum of a frame sequence and one of its oblique duals may not be a frame sequence, and that type II dual is locally (and globally) optimal in some sense and that the excesses of the frame sequence and its oblique duals are the same. Other observations on the duals of a frame sequence are included also.     

Approximation of Attainable Sets of an Evolution Inclusion of Subdifferential Type

In a separable Hilbert space we consider an evolution inclusion with a multivalued perturbation and evolution operators that are subdifferentials of a proper convex lower semicontinuous function depending on time. Along with the original inclusion, we consider a sequence of approximating evolution inclusions with the same perturbation and the evolution operators that are subdifferentials of the Moreau–Yosida regularizations of the original function. We show that the attainable set of the original inclusion, regarded as a multivalued function of time, is the uniform (in time) limit in the Hausdorff metric of the sequence of attainable sets of the approximating inclusions. As an application we consider an example of a control system with discontinuous nonlinearity.     

Geometry of the Space of Phylogenetic Trees

We consider a continuous space which models the set of all phylogenetic trees having a fixed set of leaves. This space has a natural metric of nonpositive curvature, giving a way of measuring distance between phylogenetic trees and providing some procedures for averaging or combining several trees whose leaves are identical. This geometry also shows which trees appear within a fixed distance of a given tree and enables construction of convex hulls of a set of trees. This geometric model of tree space provides a setting in which questions that have been posed by biologists and statisticians over the last decade can be approached in a systematic fashion. For example, it provides a justification for disregarding portions of a collection of trees that agree, thus simplifying the space in which comparisons are to be made.     

Existence of periodic points of endomorphisms of a circle

A theorem of Block and Franke is improved on the existence of periodic points for a map of a circle to itself and a proof which seems more understandable is given. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19531070).     

自然数幂求和公式的计算机实现

自然数幂的求和问题 ,一直受到人们的关注 .著名数学家陈景润对此就有过较好的研究 ,更多结果散见其他许多文献 .但都比较烦琐 .本文借助 Mathematica软件 ,利用高阶等差数列的一个结论 :m阶等差数列的充要条件是其前 n项和为 n的 m+ 1次多项式 .给出了一种求自然数幂前 n项和的一种简单方法 .利用此方法还可实现小于 m的自然数幂前 n项和的同时实现 .