加权几何平均变权组合预测方法及其应用

加权几何平均组合预测模型是一种常用的非线性组合预测方法.为了提高加权几何平均组合预测模型的预测和拟合精度,给出了一类加权几何平均变权重组合预测方法.最后将该变权组合预测模型应用于我国天然气产量的预测.计算结果表明加权几何平均变权重组合预测模型在时间序列数据的预测中具有一定的优势.     

基于分形流形学习的支持向量机空气污染指数预测模型

针对目前北京、上海和广州地区较严重空气污染问题,建立了基于分形流形学习的支持向量机空气污染指数预测模型.首先采用分形理论计算出空气污染数据集分形维数;其次根据分形维数,采用流形学习将高维空气污染数据集通过非线性映射嵌入到低维空间中,对空气污染数据集进行降维;最后建立基于高斯核的支持向量机预测模型对三地区空气污染指数进行预测.北京、上海和广州三地空气污染指数预测结果表明,该模型较传统预测模型,预测性能更优,具有良好的稳定性和有效性.     

基于小波神经网络与ARIMA组合模型在股票预测中的应用

为了实现对股票价格变化的短期预测,提出了一种基于小波神经网络(WNN)与自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的组合预测模型.将股票的收盘价序列数据划分为线性以及非线性(误差项)两个部分,分别利用统计学中ARIMA模型和小波神经网络分别对两部分数据进行预测并得到结果,将两部分结果组合相加合成为整个股票价格的预测结果.实验结果表明该组合模型在预测精度方面有提高,是一种比较有效的预测模型.     

神经网络优化组合预测模型在油气产量预测中的应用

采用组合预测方法对油气产量预测进行研究,首先选取油藏工程领域多种油气产量预测模型建立组合预测模型库,基于权系数的时效性,利用三层前馈BP神经网络建立油气产量变权组合预测模型,并进行实例分析,结果表明该方法能提高预测精度,增强预测模型的实用性.     

基于标准差法组合预测模型的区域快递需求量预测研究——以大连市为例

快递需求量的准确预测是区域快递行业合理布局的重要依据.在明确区域快递需求量衡量指标的前提下,针对其预测方法单一、适用范围局限等问题,提出构建基于灰色GM(1,1)预测模型、一元线性回归分析预测模型和趋势平均法预测模型的标准差法组合预测模型.以大连市为例,选取大连市快递量作为预测指标,预测结果表明,标准差法组合预测模型的预测结果最为准确,其平均相对误差为3.04%.所建立的模型为区域快递需求量预测工作提供参考.     

组合预测模型在税收收入预测中的应用

准确预测税收收入,对于有效地进行市场经济条件下的宏观调控有着重要的意义.为了充分利用各单项预测的信息以提高预测精度,在现有研究的基础上,首先选取指数平滑法、偏最小二乘方法和灰色预测方法对税收收入数据进行定量分析;然后基于误差平方和最小构建了税收收入组合预测模型;最后的算例预测结果表明,构建的税收收入组合预测模型具有较优的预测效果.     

改进LSTM网络对于时间有效性经济指标预测模型的研究

针对经济指标的预测,尤其是关于时间有效性的预测,具有重要的现实意义.通过筛选,得到对于起经济预测影响较高的指标.基于LSTM网络模型,对LSTM模型的初始权重及阈值进行了优化,提升了模型的经济预测效果.结合不同类型的灰度模型算法,重点体现时间有效性,进而构建新的组合灰度改进-BA-LSTM网络模型,将其用于经济指标的预测.利用其他三种不同的灰度模型和组合灰度模型分别结合效果更稳定的改进BA-LSTM模型对经济指标进行预测,实验结果证明,对比其他的经济预测模型,模型的精度更高,预测结果更准确,可以有效用于CPI和GDP等数据的预测,预测结果满足时间有效性要求,证明该模型的实用价值.     

经济预测的认知与定量方法

经济预测是人类依据对经济活动运行规律的认知,对经济运行相关领域未来发展方向与所处位势的可能性进行推断.经济预测对运行规律的尊重表现为需要从数据和历史事实出发,应用合乎逻辑的方法构建经济预测模型.由于经济活动运行规律时间不变性较短,而且运行规律本身就包括着随机性,经济预测不是一个确定性的预测,而是一种可能性的预测.因经济活动主体运行规律各有不同,经济预测方法丰富多样.文章从预测方法的技术属性角度,按照时间序列方法、结构方程方法、信号特征方法、机器学习方法和组合预测方法等几种分类对经济预测主要定量方法的原理进行了系统的梳理,简单评价了各类定量预测方法的适用范围,并对经济预测定量方法进一步发展进行了展望.     

成分数据的组合预测

成分数据是一类具有复杂性质的数据,特别是它的预测研究在管理学与经济学中占有很重要的地位.组合预测则是近年来在预测中应用比较广泛的一种方法,它能够充分利用单预测模型的信息,提高预测精度,增强预测的稳定性,且具有较高的适应能力.本文首次把组合预测方法应用到成分数据的预测分析中,基于成分数据的一些基本性质,利用组合预测得到了较好的预测结果.     

基于IOWA算子的投影法在加权几何平均组合预测模型中的应用及性质

加权几何平均组合预测是一种非线性的组合预测方法,能够有效提高预测精度.本文将向量投影的方法应用到加权几何平均的组合预测模型中并且引入了IOWA算子来集结各单项模型的有效信息.通过对文中所给模型及各单项模型预测结果的比较分析,提出了优性组合预测模型等概念;讨论了基于IOWA算子的加权几何平均组合预测模型的优劣性及存在的条件,实例分析结果验证了文中提出的方法是效性和可行的.     

基于贝叶斯向量自回归的区域经济预测模型:以青海为例

由于缺乏足够的观测数据等原因,常规的区域经济预测模型在我国难以获得预期的预测效果,而贝叶斯向量自回归(BVAR)模型将变量的统计性质作为参数的先验分布引入到传统的VAR模型中,能够克服自由度过少的问题,以青海为例,本文建立了一个BVAR模型,并引入了全国GDP和中央政府转移支付作为外生变量以描述国民经济与区域经济的联系...     

Semi-parametric extensions of the Cairns–Blake–Dowd model: A one-dimensional kernel smoothing approach

Over the last few decades, there has been an enormous growth in mortality modeling as the field of mortality risk and longevity risk has attracted great attention from academic, government and private sectors. In this paper, we propose a time-varying coefficient (TVC) mortality model aiming to combine the good characteristics of existing models with efficient model calibration methods. Nonparametric kernel smoothing techniques have been applied in the literature of mortality modeling and based on the findings from Li et al.’s (2015) study, such techniques can significantly improve the forecasting performance of mortality models. In this study we take the same path and adopt a kernel smoothing approach along the time dimension. Since we follow the model structure of the Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD) model, the TVC model we propose can be seen as a semi-parametric extension of the CBD model and it gives specific model design according to different countries’ mortality experience. Our empirical study presented here includes Great Britain, the United States, and Australia amongst other developed countries. Fitting and forecasting results from the empirical study have shown superior performances of the model over a selection of well-known mortality models in the current literature.     

Volatility forecasting via SVR–GARCH with mixture of Gaussian kernels

The support vector regression (SVR) is a supervised machine learning technique that has been successfully employed to forecast financial volatility. As the SVR is a kernel-based technique, the choice of the kernel has a great impact on its forecasting accuracy. Empirical results show that SVRs with hybrid kernels tend to beat single-kernel models in terms of forecasting accuracy. Nevertheless, no application of hybrid kernel SVR to financial volatility forecasting has been performed in previous researches. Given that the empirical evidence shows that the stock market oscillates between several possible regimes, in which the overall distribution of returns it is a mixture of normals, we attempt to find the optimal number of mixture of Gaussian kernels that improve the one-period-ahead volatility forecasting of SVR based on GARCH(1,1). The forecast performance of a mixture of one, two, three and four Gaussian kernels are evaluated on the daily returns of Nikkei and Ibovespa indexes and compared with SVR–GARCH with Morlet wavelet kernel, standard GARCH, Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle (GJR) and nonlinear EGARCH models with normal, student-t, skew-student-t and generalized error distribution (GED) innovations by using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and robust Diebold–Mariano test. The results of the out-of-sample forecasts suggest that the SVR–GARCH with a mixture of Gaussian kernels can improve the volatility forecasts and capture the regime-switching behavior.     

Image denoising via solution paths

In this paper, we propose a two-step kernel learning method based on the support vector regression (SVR) for financial time series forecasting. Given a number of candidate kernels, our method learns a sparse linear combination of these kernels so that the resulting kernel can be used to predict well on future data. The L ₁-norm regularization approach is used to achieve kernel learning. Since the regularization parameter must be carefully selected, to facilitate parameter tuning, we develop an efficient solution path algorithm that solves the optimal solutions for all possible values of the regularization parameter. Our kernel learning method has been applied to forecast the S&P500 and the NASDAQ market indices and showed promising results.     

Financial market forecasting using a two-step kernel learning method for the support vector regression

In this paper, we propose a two-step kernel learning method based on the support vector regression (SVR) for financial time series forecasting. Given a number of candidate kernels, our method learns a sparse linear combination of these kernels so that the resulting kernel can be used to predict well on future data. The L ₁-norm regularization approach is used to achieve kernel learning. Since the regularization parameter must be carefully selected, to facilitate parameter tuning, we develop an efficient solution path algorithm that solves the optimal solutions for all possible values of the regularization parameter. Our kernel learning method has been applied to forecast the S&P500 and the NASDAQ market indices and showed promising results.     

装备费用预测中的混合核函数支持向量机

在支持向量机预测建模中,核函数用来将低维特征空间中的非线性问题映射为高维特征空间中的线性问题.核函数的特征对于支持向量机的学习和预测都有很重要的影响.考虑到两种典型核函数—全局核(多项式核函数)和局部核(RBF核函数)在拟合与泛化方面的特性,采用了一种基于混合核函数的支持向量机方法用于预测建模.为了评价不同核函数的建模效果、得到更好的预测性能,采用遗传算法自适应进化支持向量机模型的各项参数,并将其应用于装备费用预测的实际问题中.实际计算表明采用混合核函数的支持向量机较单一核函数时有更好的预测性能,可以作为一种有效的预测建模方法在装备管理中推广应用.     

A novel hybrid multivariate nonlinear grey model for forecasting the traffic-related emissions

In this paper, we proposed a novel forecasting method using grey system theory for the traffic-related emissions at a national level. In our tests, grey relational analysis was used to identify time lags between input and output variables. We introduced a multivariate nonlinear grey model based on the kernel method to improve the accuracy of traffic-related emissions prediction. By solving a convex optimization problem instead of using an ordinary least squares estimation, the proposed model overcame the limitations of the classic grey forecasting models. A model confidence set test on the realistic results of forecasting traffic-related emissions in European Union member countries showed that the proposed model demonstrated a marked superiority over robust linear regression and support vector regression. Based on the non-methane volatile organic compounds from road transport and the relevant factors of the emission from 2004 to 2016, a more stringent European Union emission reduction commitment to the road transport for each year from 2020 to 2029 was suggested. We also investigated the advantages of the proposed model via the analysis on convergence, robustness, and sensitivity.     

Product demand forecasts using wavelet kernel support vector machine and particle swarm optimization in manufacture system

Demand forecasts play a crucial role in supply chain management. The future demand for a certain product is the basis for the respective replenishment systems. Aiming at demand series with small samples, seasonal character, nonlinearity, randomicity and fuzziness, the existing support vector kernel does not approach the random curve of the sales time series in the space (quadratic continuous integral space). In this paper, we present a hybrid intelligent system combining the wavelet kernel support vector machine and particle swarm optimization for demand forecasting. The results of application in car sale series forecasting show that the forecasting approach based on the hybrid PSOWv-SVM model is effective and feasible, the comparison between the method proposed in this paper and other ones is also given, which proves that this method is, for the discussed example, better than hybrid PSOv-SVM and other traditional methods.     

我国城乡居民消费与经济增长区域差异性的实证分析

遴选1996-2012年我国(除重庆、港、澳、台外)30个省(市)城镇和农村居民消费支出及国内生产总值的面板数据,基于非参数核估计方法,建立固定效应半参数面板数据模型,对我国东、中、西部城乡居民消费与经济增长关系的区域差异性进行实证分析.计算显示,运用半参数面板数据模型显著提高了估计的精度.分析结果表明,不论是城镇居民消费还是农村居民消费,对经济增长的促进作用均是东部高于中部、中部高于西部;且农村居民消费对经济增长的促进作用又大于城镇居民消费.     

混合区间多尺度分解的区间时间序列组合预测

鉴于传统预测方法一直基于“点”来衡量时间序列数据,然而现实生活中在给定的时间段内许多变量是有区间限制的,点值预测会损失波动性信息。因此,本文提出了一种基于混合区间多尺度分解的组合预测方法。首先,建立区间离散小波分解方法(IDWT)、区间经验模态分解方法(IEMD)和区间奇异普分析方法(ISSA)。其次,用本文构建的IDWT、IEMD和ISSA对区间时间序列进行多尺度分解,从而得到区间趋势序列和残差序列。然后,用霍尔特指数平滑方法(Holt's)、支持向量回归(SVR)和BP神经网络对区间趋势序列和残差序列进行组合预测得到三种分解方法下的区间时间序列预测值。最后,用BP神经网络对各预测结果进行集成得到区间时间序列最终预测值。同时,为证明模型的有效性进行了AQI空气质量的实证预测分析,结果表明,本文所提出基于混合区间多尺度分解的组合预测方法具有较高的预测精度和良好的适用性。