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1.
研究了在供应中断下具有随机需求的闭环供应链系统的最优差别定价模型.基于博弈论的理论和方法分别在集中式和分散式决策情形下,确定了最优批发价、最优销售价、最优订购量及系统利润.最后通过数值例子对最优差别定价模型进行了实证分析.  相似文献   

2.
为确定闭环供应链成员的最优定价,对由一个制造商、零售商和第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链系统进行研究.在系统中,零售商负责产品的正向销售;制造商、零售商和第三方回收商共同回收废旧品,都根据废旧品质量高低制定不同的回收价格;制造商对质量低的废旧品进行再制造,对质量高的废旧品进行翻新.分别在分散决策和集中决策下构建了成员及系统利润模型,并进行分析比较.结果表明:闭环供应链在集中决策下获得较高的利润.最后算例分析显示:制造商、零售商、第三方回收商和系统利润都会随着消费者环保意识水平的增加而增加.并引入利润差分享系数,分析集中决策下其对闭环供应链成员利润的影响.  相似文献   

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针对制造商唯一寡头垄断市场竞争结构,考虑回收风险,分别对制造商自行回收废旧产品的集成闭环供应链、第三方回收商回收废旧产品的分散闭环供应链进行建模,并设计不同的契约机制来协调分散闭环供应链的运行,通过分析,给出不同供应链运作模式下最优定价决策的条件.数值实验的结果则进一步验证回购价格、回收风险对闭环供应链最优解的影响.研究结果表明:企业产品定价要考虑闭环供应链结构、协调契约机制的设计两因素,且回收风险越低,产品定价越低;收益共享契约可实现分散闭环供应链的pareto改进,且同时提高消费者剩余;消费者为获得废旧产品的最高回报,其所退回的废旧产品质量不能过高也不能过低;企业应采取措施来控制回收风险,这将有利于成员企业利润、供应链整体效益的改善,并同时增进消费者剩余.  相似文献   

4.
王婷  颜荣芳 《经济数学》2015,(4):99-105
在随机需求条件下建立了由一个制造商和一个零售商所组成的闭环供应链差别定价模型。在制造商成本信息对称和信息不对称情况下,分别讨论了闭环供应链的最优差别定价问题,得到了在不同信息条件下的最优定价组合以及最优的订购量.最后通过数值算例分析了成本信息不对称对两种产品的零售价以及订购量的影响.  相似文献   

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第三方回收再制造闭环供应链中的零售商通常认为制造商销售利润的实现依赖于其产品销售努力,第三方回收商则认为制造商再制造利润的实现与其废旧产品回收直接相关,因而两者都会十分关注收益分配的公平性.利用博弈理论对双公平关切下再制造闭环供应链定价决策、效率及公平度的动态演进问题进行了研究,揭示了公平关切强度对定价决策、效率及公平度的影响规律,并基于影响规律给出了相应的管理建议.  相似文献   

6.
具有产品回收的闭环供应链差别定价策略研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究一个制造商与一个销售商组成的具有产品回收的闭环供应链差别定价问题.利用博弈理论对几种差别定价模型进行了分析,得到了闭环供应链成员的最优定价策略和最终利润.进一步对几种模型的效率进行了分析,发现分散式决策使得整个闭环供应链利润损失了25%,最后提出一种收益共享协调差别定价策略,使得分散式闭环供应链的效率与集成式闭环供应链效率等同.  相似文献   

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随着资源的匮乏和环境污染的加剧,越来越多的企业和消费者开始关注废旧产品的回收再制造。针对制造商唯一寡头垄断市场竞争结构,引入回收风险,分别对制造商(OEM)自行回收废旧产品的闭环供应链、第三方回收商回收废旧产品的闭环供应链建立数学模型,分析给出各企业的最优差异定价规则,并从经济学意义上得到相关管理启示;数值实验的结果则进一步验证回购价格、回收风险、价格竞争强度对最优解的影响。研究结果表明:(1)闭环供应链结构会影响再制品价格及废旧产品的回收价格,但对OEM新品定价无影响。(2)回收风险的变化对价格决策的影响取决于闭环供应链的结构特征。当回收风险较低时,在激发消费者对再制品需求、促使消费者返回废旧产品、提升闭环供应链整体效率等方面,OEM自行回收模式优于第三方回收商回收模式;而当回收风险较高时,则第三方回收商回收模式优于OEM自行回收模式。(3)回收风险的降低使得闭环供应链总利润呈现出增长的趋势,进而进一步体现到再制造的经济价值。(4)OEM自行回收废旧产品需考虑到新品与再制品间的价格竞争强度,当价格竞争强度较弱时,OEM自行回收废旧产品可为OEM带来更多的利润;新品与再制品间的价格竞争也有利于再制品需求的提升。  相似文献   

8.
随机需求下考虑零售商竞争的闭环供应链定价与协调   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在随机需求环境下考虑两零售商间存在竞争的闭环供应链定价与协调问题,其中两个零售商各自面临不同的随机市场需求,并且各自的回收量都受到对方回收价格的影响。在集中决策和分散决策两种情形下分析了制造商和两零售商的定价决策问题,并运用收入费用共享契约实现了闭环供应链的协调。  相似文献   

9.
张川  陈宇潇 《运筹与管理》2021,30(12):72-77
针对零售商主导的考虑政府补贴和规模效应的动力电池闭环供应链,研究成员最优决策及协调问题。分别在无补贴、补贴零售商、补贴制造商、补贴第三方回收商四种情形下,分析了补贴对象、规模效应、再制造动力电池比例对成员最优决策及利润的影响,并实现了闭环供应链的协调。研究表明:政府补贴能够降低零售价,提高回收率以及各成员利润;补贴第三方回收商相比补贴零售商和补贴制造商而言,回收率以及第三方回收商利润提高更为明显,补贴零售商和补贴制造商相比补贴第三方回收商而言,零售价降低、制造商和零售商利润提高更为明显;可用于再制造的废旧动力电池比例增大能够降低动力电池销售价格,提高动力电池回收率;第三方回收商规模效应的增大有利于降低零售价格,提高动力电池产品回收率及闭环供应链各成员收益。  相似文献   

10.
为研究同时考虑零售商竞争与第三方回收闭环供应链的定价决策及协调问题, 分别建立了集中与分散决策模式下的闭环供应链优化模型, 并提出了基于改进K-S法的协调机制。研究表明:在分散式闭环供应链决策下, 较之两零售商与第三方, 制造商总是可以获得最大的利润。两零售商在产品价格上竞争程度的增强不仅可以有效提高产品销量, 同时对废旧产品的回收也起到了很好地促进作用。闭环供应链成员企业间的合作策略能有效消除系统的“双重边际”效应, 且较之零售商及第三方回收商, 制造商的合作动力更强。  相似文献   

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The problem of determining which row stochastic n-by-n matrices are similar to doubly stochastic matrices is considered. That not all are is indicated by example, and an abstract characterization as well as various explicit sufficient conditions are given. For example, if a row stochastic matrix has no entry smaller than (n+1)-1 it is similar to a doubly stochastic matrix.

Relaxing the nonnegativity requirement, the real matrices which are similar to real matrices with row and column sums one are then characterized, and it is observed that all row stochastic matrices have this property. Some remarks are then made on the nonnegative eigenvalue problem with respect to i) a necessary trace inequality and ii) removing zeroes from the spectrum.  相似文献   

14.
讨论了随机加速度为位移的给定函数的随机运动的存在性(即R上的随机微分方程弱解的存在性),给出并证明了具有随机加速度的随机运动存在的几个充分性条件.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper we discuss two-stage diagonally implicit stochastic Runge-Kutta methods with strong order 1.0 for strong solutions of Stratonovich stochastic differential equations. Five stochastic Runge-Kutta methods are presented in this paper. They are an explicit method with a large MS-stability region, a semi-implicit method with minimum principal error coefficients, a semi-implicit method with a large MS-stability region, an implicit method with minimum principal error coefficients and another implicit method. We also consider composite stochastic Runge-Kutta methods which are the combination of semi-implicit Runge-Kutta methods and implicit Runge-Kutta methods. Two composite methods are presented in this paper. Numerical results are reported to compare the convergence properties and stability properties of these stochastic Runge-Kutta methods.  相似文献   

16.

We consider a two-stage stochastic variational inequality arising from a general convex two-stage stochastic programming problem, where the random variables have continuous distributions. The equivalence between the two problems is shown under some moderate conditions, and the monotonicity of the two-stage stochastic variational inequality is discussed under additional conditions. We provide a discretization scheme with convergence results and employ the progressive hedging method with double parameterization to solve the discretized stochastic variational inequality. As an application, we show how the water resources management problem under uncertainty can be transformed from a two-stage stochastic programming problem to a two-stage stochastic variational inequality, and how to solve it, using the discretization scheme and the progressive hedging method with double parameterization.

  相似文献   

17.
Stochastic Rumours   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The superficial similarity between rumours and epidemics breaksdown on closer scrutiny; a feature peculiar to the rumour-spreadingsituation leads to striking qualitative differences in the behaviourof the two phenomena whether one uses a stochastic model orthe associated deterministic model. A preliminary account isgiven here of a new procedure, "the principle of the diffusionof arbitrary constants", which can be used to study the varianceof the fluctuations of the sample trajectory in the stochasticmodel about the unique trajectory in the associated deterministicapproximation. Numerical evidence (based on Monte Carlo andother calculations) is given to illustrate the effectivenessof the "principle" in the present application.  相似文献   

18.
A particle moves with constant velocity in the positive direction. It is also subject to randomly occuring instantaneous negative displacements called backtrackings. The magnitudes of these displacements are independent and identically distributed random variables, and it is assumed that the net velocity of the pa?ticle is still positive. The backtrackings are registered but the times of their occurence are not. The resulting collection of overlapping intervals on the real line is studied as a stochastic process evolving in space. A fairly simple Markovian representation is derived and the stationary distribution obtained. Intimate connections with certain linear immigration-birth-death processes are exhibited. Some comments are made concerning estimation and sampling procedures and the identifiability of the displacement distribution from limited information.  相似文献   

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