The Rainbow Vertex-disconnection in Graphs

Let G be a nontrivial connected and vertex-colored graph. A subset X of the vertex set of G is called rainbow if any two vertices in X have distinct colors. The graph G is called rainbow vertex-disconnected if for any two vertices x and y of G, there exists a vertex subset S of G such that when x and y are nonadjacent, S is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of G-S; whereas when x and y are adjacent, S + x or S + y is rainbow and x and y belong to different components of(G-xy)-S. For a connected graph G, the rainbow vertex-disconnection number of G, denoted by rvd(G), is the minimum number of colors that are needed to make G rainbow vertexdisconnected. In this paper, we characterize all graphs of order n with rainbow vertex-disconnection number k for k ∈ {1, 2, n}, and determine the rainbow vertex-disconnection numbers of some special graphs. Moreover, we study the extremal problems on the number of edges of a connected graph G with order n and rvd(G) = k for given integers k and n with 1 ≤ k ≤ n.     

Generalized isochronous centers for complex systems

In this paper, the definition of generalized isochronous center is given in order to study unitedly real isochronous center and linearizability of polynomial differential systems. An algorithm to compute generalized period constants is obtained, which is a good method to find the necessary conditions of generalized isochronous center for any rational resonance ratio. Its two linear recursive formulas are symbolic and easy to realize with computer algebraic system. The function of time-angle difference is introduced to prove the sufficient conditions. As the application, a class of real cubic Kolmogorov system is investigated and the generalized isochronous center conditions of the origin are obtained.     

FUNCTION SPACES AND BOUNDEDNESS OF OPERATORS WITH OSCILLATING KERNELS

§1,IntroductionThe main purpose of this paper is to study the boundedness ofa class of oscillatory operators.This class of operators is de-termined by the Kernels which are of the form e~(iB)(x,y)·K(x.v),where B(x,y)is a real bilinear form,and K(x,y)is a distrilution     

Semi-empirical likelihood confidence intervals for the differences of quantiles with missing data

Detecting population （group） differences is useful in many applications, such as medical research. In this paper, we explore the probabilistic theory for identifying the quantile differences .between two populations. Suppose that there are two populations x and y with missing data on both of them, where x is nonparametric and y is parametric. We are interested in constructing confidence intervals on the quantile differences of x and y. Random hot deck imputation is used to fill in missing data. Semi-empirical likelihood confidence intervals on the differences are constructed.     

Graphing Lines

Picturing a Relationship Between Two VariablesIn a triangle, the sum of the measures of all three angles is 180°. In a right triangle, one angle has measure 90°. Suppose the other angle measures are x and y, then x and y must add to 90°. Seven pairs of possible values of x and y are in the table below. These ordered pairs are graphed below the table.     

NEW FAMILIES OF CENTERS AND LIMIT CYCLES FOR POLYNOMIAL DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS WITH HOMOGENEOUS NONLINEARITIES

We consider the class of polynomial differential equations x = -y+Pn(x,y), y = x + Qn(x, y), where Pn and Qn are homogeneous polynomials of degree n. Inside this class we identify a new subclass of systems having a center at the origin. We show that this subclass contains at least two subfamilies of isochro-nous centers. By using a method different from the classical ones, we study the limit cycles that bifurcate from the periodic orbits of such centers when we perturb them inside the class of all polynomial differential systems of the above form. In particular, we present a function whose simple zeros correspond to the limit cycles vvhich bifurcate from the periodic orbits of Hamiltonian systems.     

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO A CLASS OF SEMILINEAR ELLIPTIC SYSTEMS

In this paper an existence and uniqueness theorem of positive solutions to a class of semilinear elliptic systems is proved. Also, a necessary condition for the existence of the positive solution is obtained. As the application of the main theorem, two examples are given.     

FUNCTIONS(Ⅰ)

<正>As we all know that a relation is a cor- respondence between two variables x and y. When relations are written as ordered pairs (x,y),we say that x is related to y.Often, we are interested in specifying the type of re- lation (such as an equation) that might exist between the two variables. For example,the relation between the revenue R resulting from the sale of x items     

一种近似识别原则

In this paper,we reseach the following form of approximate reasoning.Ant 1:(If x1 is A1 and x2 is A2 and… xn is An then y is B)is t1.Ant2:(x1is A'1 and x2is A'2and … and xn is A'n)is t2.Cons:(y is B')is t3.First we put forward two reasonable approximate reasoning principles,then,accordingg to the two reasoning principles we construct a new kind of approximate reasoning methods.The basic idea which the new kind of approximate reasoning methods is that according to the strength p(A1(x),…，An(xn))→B(y)which A1(x1),…,An(xn)implicate B(y) and the degree of A'(x) approximates to A(),we determine the upper limit and B'(y),then take a definite value B'(y) in between the upper limit and the lower limit,and make the reasoning method satisfied the two reasoning principles.     

On the random conjugate spaces of a random locally convex module

Theoretically speaking, there are four kinds of possibilities to define the random conjugate space of a random locally convex module. The purpose of this paper is to prove that among the four kinds there are only two which are universally suitable for the current development of the theory of random conjugate spaces. In this process, we also obtain a somewhat surprising and crucial result: if the base (Ω, F , P ) of a random normed module is nonatomic then the random normed module is a totally disconnected topological space when it is endowed with the locally L0 -convex topology.     

Variational problems with lags

In this paper, we study some questions concerning the minima of the functional $$J\left( y \right) = \int_{x_1 }^{x_2 } {f\left( {x,y\left( x \right),y\left( {x - r} \right),\dot y\left( x \right),\dot y\left( {x - r} \right)} \right)dx} $$ In Section 2, we obtain an analogue to the Jacobi condition to add to the list of previously obtained necessary conditions. A transversality condition is developed in Section 3. In Section 4, we obtain an existence theorem. The techniques used are modifications of those used in the classical problems. In Section 5, we show that the theory of fields for the classical problem fails to work for our problem.     

A New Proof of Spinks' Theorem

Skew lattices form a class of non-commutative lattices. Spinks' Theorem [Matthew Spinks, On middle distributivity for skew lattices, ] states that for symmetric skew lattices the two distributive identities and are equivalent. Up to now only computer proofs of this theorem have been known. In the present paper the author presents a direct proof of Spinks' Theorem. In addition, a new result is proved showing that the assumption of symmetry can be omitted for cancellative skew lattices.     

On the stability of Hosszú’s functional equation

Two stability results are proved. The first one states that Hosszú’s functional equation $$f(x+y-xy)+f(xy)=f(x)-f(y)=0\ \ \ \ \ (x,y \in \rm R)$$ is stable. The second is a local stability theorem for additive functions in a Banach space setting.     

Multiplicative symmetry and related functional equations

Summary Let (G, *) be a commutative monoid. Following J. G. Dhombres, we shall say that a functionf: G G is multiplicative symmetric on (G, *) if it satisfies the functional equationf(x * f(y)) = f(y * f(x)) for allx, y inG. (1)Equivalently, iff: G G satisfies a functional equation of the following type:f(x * f(y)) = F(x, y) (x, y G), whereF: G × G G is a symmetric function (possibly depending onf), thenf is multiplicative symmetric on (G, *).In Section I, we recall the results obtained for various monoidsG by J. G. Dhombres and others concerning the functional equation (1) and some functional equations of the formf(x * f(y)) = F(x, y) (x, y G), (E) whereF: G × G G may depend onf. We complete these results, in particular in the case whereG is the field of complex numbers, and we generalize also some results by considering more general functionsF. In Section II, we consider some functional equations of the formf(x * f(y)) + f(y * f(x)) = 2F(x, y) (x, y K), where (K, +, ·) is a commutative field of characteristic zero, * is either + or · andF: K × K K is some symmetric function which has already been considered in Section I for the functional equation (E). We investigate here the following problem: which conditions guarantee that all solutionsf: K K of such equations are multiplicative symmetric either on (K, +) or on (K, ·)? Under such conditions, these equations are equivalent to some functional equations of the form (E) for which the solutions have been given in Section I. This is a partial answer to a question asked by J. G. Dhombres in 1973.     

The equivalence of two functional equations involving the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean and their Gauss composition

In this paper, the equivalence of the two functional equations $$f\left(\frac{x+y}{2} \right)+f\left(\sqrt{xy} \right)=f(x)+f(y)$$ and $$2f\left(\mathcal{G}(x,y)\right)=f(x)+f(y)$$ will be proved by showing that the solutions of either of these equations are constant functions. Here I is a nonvoid open interval of the positive real half-line and ${\mathcal{G}}$ is the Gauss composition of the arithmetic and geometric means.     

Generic boundary behaviour of Taylor series in Hardy and Bergman spaces

We establish a general identity between the Mahler measures \(\mathrm {m}(Q_k(x,y))\) and \(\mathrm {m}(P_k(x,y))\) of two polynomial families, where \(Q_k(x,y)=0\) and \(P_k(x,y)=0\) are generically hyperelliptic and elliptic curves, respectively.     

The undecidability of pseudo real closed fields

The aim of this note is to establish the following result: THEOREM: Let be a non-empty class of Boolean spaces and letPRC() be the class of pseudo real closed fields whose spaces of orderings belong to . Then the elementary theory ofPRC() is undecidable.Our proof appears to be an interesting application of the theory of Artin-Schreier structures, which has been initiated in [5] for the purpose of characterization of the absolute Galois groups of PRC fields. In Section 1 we define and investigate Frattini covers of Artin-Schreier structures, in analogy with [6], Section 2. In Section 2 we consider the analogues of proofs of [1] and [3], to attain the Theorem.This work corresponds to a part of the doctoral dissertation done under the supervision of Prof. Moshe Jarden at Tel-Aviv University     

Nonlinear wavelet methods for high-dimensional backward heat equation

The backward heat equation is a typical ill-posed problem. In this paper, we shall apply a dual least squares method connecting Shannon wavelet to the following equation ut (x, y, t) = u xx (x, y, t) + uyy (x, y, t), x ∈ R, y ∈ R, 0 ≤ t 1, u(x, y, 1) = (x, y), x ∈ R, y ∈ R. Motivated by Regińska's work, we shall give two nonlinear approximate methods to regularize the approximate solutions for high-dimensional backward heat equation, and prove that our methods are convergent.     

On a nonlinear Sturm-Liouville problem arising in the study of soliton

In this article,we consider the following nonlinear Sturm-Liouville problem(?)and prove the existence of the eigenvalue and the eigenfunction by using Schauder's fixed opinttheorem.This problem arises from finding the solutions of solitons and stationary states of thenonlinear Schr(?)dinger equation (NLS Eq.) with external fields.Using the result obtained,we provethe existence of solitons and stationary states of the NLS equation for the oscillater.     

Additivity and exponentiality are alien to each other

Let (S, +) be a (semi)group and let (R,+, ·) be an integral domain. We study the solutions of a Pexider type functional equation $$f(x+y) + g(x+y) = f(x) + f(y) + g(x)g(y)$$ for functions f and g mapping S into R. Our chief concern is to examine whether or not this functional equation is equivalent to the system of two Cauchy equations $$\left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} f(x+y) = f(x) + f(y)\\ g(x+y) = g(x)g(y)\end{array}\right.$$ for every ${x,y \in S}$ .