浅谈初中数学建模教学

数学建模教学是让学生学会从现实原型中抽象出形象的数学表达式(模型),再将其应用到现实生活中去解决实际问题的数学思维教学.其过程是让学生亲身经历将实际问题抽象成数学模型并进行解释与应用的过程,进而使学生获得对数学理解的同时,在思维能力、情感态度与价值观等多方面得到进步和发展.几年来,笔者根据这一新的教学理念,在初中数学建模教学中,遵循学生学习数学的心理规律,根据教学内容、学生生活环境、学习经验和认知水平创设问题情境,以激发学生     

数学实验--一种研究性学习的实践方式

研究性学习 ,作为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要途径和载体 ,无疑是当今数学教育改革中的热点和亮点 ,它是指在教学过程中以问题为载体 ,创设一种类似科学研究的情境和途径 ,让学生通过自己收集、分析和处理信息来实际感受和体验知识的生产过程 ,进而了解社会、学会学习、培养分析问题、解决问题的能力和创造能力 .无疑研究性学习与已有的数学教学相比 ,是要改变学生的学习方式 ,强调一种主动探究式的学习 .在我国 ,1 997年以后各大学纷纷开设“数学建模”和“数学实验”课程 ,作为实践创新教育的新举措 .其中的“数学实验”是指以…     

《数学学习的心理基础与过程》

著者：鲍建生、周超 出版：上海教育出版社 学生是如何学习数学的？这是数学教学和数学教育研究的核心问题。学是教的前提,只有理解了学生是如何学习的、学习过程中会出现哪些困难以及如何去诊断这些困难,才能进行有效的教学。     

创设探究式生活情境 发展学生数学核心素养——以对一个生活现象的探究学习为例

倡导积极主动、勇于探索的学习方式是高中数学教学的基本理念之一,也是落实和提高学生数学核心素养的有效方法.教师在平时的教学过程中要关注学生的探究性学习,通过创设合理的情境.从数学的角度发现和提出问题,分析和解决问题,在解决问题的过程中,培育和发展学生的数学核心素养.     

“数列求和”教学中的“问题串”设计

<正>一、设计背景数学教学过程既包括知识的发生、形成和发展,也包括对概念的建立,结论、公式、定理的总结,其中蕴藏着深刻的数学思维过程.进行这些知识生成过程的教学,不仅有利于培养学生的学习兴趣,对提高学生的学习能力也有着十分重要的作用.数学的新教材也注重了知识的引入和生成过程的编写,这正体现了新教材中对学生充分体验数学过程的要求.学生是主体,问题是中心,探索是主线,课堂是师生共同参与课堂活动的舞台.在课堂上,教师是主导,学生是主体.在数学教学中,从课堂提问到新概念的形成与确立,新知识的巩固与应用和学生思维方法的训练与提高,以及实际应用能力和创新能力     

高中数学探究性学习的实践与思考

数学探究即数学探究性课题学习,是指学生围绕某个数学问题,自主探究、学习的过程.这个过程包括:观察分析数学事实,提出有意义的数学问题,猜测、探求适当的数学结论或规律,给出解释或证明.因而探究性学习是指从学科领域或现实社会生活中选择和确定探究主题、在教学中创设一种类似于学术(或科学)探究的情境、通过学生自主、独立地发现问题、实验、操作、调查、信息搜集与处理、表达与交流等探索活动,获得知识、技能,发展情感与态度,特别是培养探索精神和创新能力的学习方式和学习过程.因此,探究性学习有利于培养学生的创新精神和实践能力.     

深度学习背景下初中数学问题引领教学策略——以“因动点产生面积问题”的教学为例

学生数学学习的过程,是学生经历数学问题,并在探究、解决问题过程中不断发现新的数学问题的过程.“问题”是数学教学的核心,是推动和引领学生深度思考、主动探究的有效载体.数学教学中实施问题引领教学,将数学学习置于有意义的、真实的问题情境中,可以使得学生的数学思维更加广泛又活跃,满足学生数学学习关联性、批判性和深度性的要求,将浅性思考转化为深度设疑,从而把学生思维不断向深处推进,促进学生深度探究学习,提升学生的数学创造力和数学学科核心素养.     

新课标背景下学生反思性学习的实践路径

反思性学习是指学习者主动反思学习过程、重新梳理学习思维的学习方法.在初中数学教学中,反思性学习符合新课程标准,同时适应学生的学习规律,有利于学生数学思维的发展和数学创新能力的提高.作为初中数学教师,需要在实践教学的不同阶段引导学生开展反思性学习,促进学生学习思维的发展.本文中分析了初中数学反思性学习的现实意义,从课前预习、问题探究、探究活动三个层面出发,探索了新课标背景下初中学生反思性学习的实践路径.     

K-W-L策略指导下的高中数学教学——以“抛物线的标准方程”为例

1 问题提出 在数学教学过程中,如何从学生已有知识和经验出发,通过师生共同作用,建构学生新的认知结构?如何在学习过程中不断激发学生对所学内容的好奇心,建立学生的学习心向?如何在尊重、和谐的问题环境中激发学生表达自己的想法(idea),在师生互动中实现学生的突破和发展?这些问题是数学教育始终关心的问题.美国学者Carr.E.和Ogle.D.(1987)等所提出的K-W-L教学策略,对于解决这些问题提供了有效的思考.     

创设探究学习情境 营造快乐学习氛围——初中数学课堂研究性学习的实践研究

一、问题的提出大教育家第斯多慧有一句名言 :“教育的艺术不在于传授的本领 ,而在于激励、唤醒、鼓舞 .”在初中数学的教学过程中 ,学生对数学的学习往往是因为基础的差异而决定他们学习的兴趣 .特别是初二阶段学生数学成绩两级分化呈现比初一严重的趋势 ,使教师教的困难增大 ,学生学的兴趣减弱 .如何变枯燥困难的数学学习为快乐有趣的学习 .国家新的数学课程标准明确指出 :数学的教学内容要有利于学生主动的进行观察实验、猜测、推理与交流等数学活动 .学生的数学学习活动应当是一个生动的、活泼的、主动的、富有个性的过程 .当今实施以创…     

Preservice Teachers of High School Mathematics: Success,Failure, and Persistence in the Face of Mathematical Challenges

The goal of this study was to identify variables related to success and resilience in an undergraduate, high school mathematics teacher education program. Over a five‐year period, we tracked the academic performance and achievement motivation goals of multiple cohorts of students. Students who successfully completed their degrees had higher grade point average (GPAs) upon entering the program, earned higher grades in their first college mathematics course, and failed fewer courses than students who left the program or university. Learning and performance motivational goals did not predict success in the program. Performance goals decreased over time. Nearly half the successful students repeated one or more mathematics courses. Ten students completed their degrees, obtained a teaching license, and are teaching despite the need for multiple repetitions of the same mathematics courses. These persistent students did not differ from their peers in motivational goals. Our results suggest that although students with higher GPAs and initial mathematics grades were more likely to complete the program, students who experienced challenges in mathematics courses were able to succeed. We discuss the implications of these results for recruiting, advising, and retention of students in mathematics education programs.     

Students’ experiences with mathematics teaching and learning: listening to unheard voices

This study documents students’ views about the nature of mathematics, the mathematics learning process and factors within the classroom that are perceived to impact upon the learning of mathematics. The participants were senior secondary school students. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to understand the students’ views about their experiences with mathematics learning and mathematics classroom environment. Interviews of students and mathematics lesson observations were analysed to understand how students view their mathematics classes. A questionnaire was used to solicit students’ views with regards to teaching approaches in mathematics classes. The results suggest that students consider learning and understanding mathematics to mean being successful in getting the correct answers. Students reported that in the majority of cases, the teaching of mathematics was lecture-oriented. Mathematics language was considered a barrier in learning some topics in mathematics. The use of informal language was also evident during mathematics class lessons.     

The effect of the 4MAT method (learning styles and brain hemispheres) of instruction on achievement in mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4MAT method of instruction in which learning style and cerebral hemispheres are taken into account in teaching the binary operation and its properties in mathematics. The sample of this study comprised 58 ninth grade students in two separate classes in a high school. One of the classes was selected as the experimental group in which 4MAT method of instruction was used; and the other class was selected as the control group in which the traditional teaching was given, and this selection was performed randomly. The data have been obtained primarily from three scales, namely ‘mathematical knowledge test’, ‘mathematical attitude scale’ and ‘knowledge test on binary operation and its properties’. It has been determined that 4MAT method of instruction was more efficient than the traditional method in teaching of the binary operation subject in mathematics.     

Mathematical Readiness of Entering College Freshmen: An Exploration of Perceptions of Mathematics Faculty

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has set ambitious goals for the teaching and learning of mathematics that include preparing students for both the workplace and higher education. While this suggests that it is important for students to develop strong mathematical competencies by the end of high school, there is evidence to indicate that overall this is not the case. Both national and international studies corroborate the concern that, on the whole, US 12th grade students do not demonstrate mathematical proficiency, suggesting that students making the transition from high school to college mathematics may not be ready for its rigors. In order to investigate mathematical readiness of entering college students, this study surveyed mathematics faculty. Specifically, faculty members were asked their perceptions of average entering students' readiness related to relevant mathematical skills and concepts, and the importance of the same skills and concepts as foundations for college mathematics. Results demonstrated that the faculty perceived that average freshman students are generally not mathematically prepared; further, the skills and concepts rated as highly important — namely, algebraic skills and reasoning and generalization — were among those rated the lowest in terms of student competencies.     

The long term impact of a coherence based model for mathematics intervention

This article presents a large-scale longitudinal study of hundreds of students across the state of Kentucky that participated in a dual-focus mathematics intervention initiative when they were in the third grade. Rather than an exclusive focus on intervention, this initiative focused on both (i) high quality pull-out intervention and (ii) coherence between pull-out intervention and classroom instruction. The study found that over half of the third grade intervention students that participated in this initiative were classified as “novice” (the lowest possible performance category) on state standardized mathematics assessments at the end of the third grade. However, over the course of the following four years, the novice reduction rate of these students was significantly (p < .01) greater than other novices in Kentucky that did not participate in the initiative. These findings indicate that when implementing intervention initiatives to help students that are struggling with mathematics, it may be important to establish coherence between pull-out intervention and classroom instruction. The long term impact of this approach among traditionally underrepresented minorities suggest that this publication may provide insight into important equity issues where long-term analyses may sometimes be needed to capture the full impact of intervention initiatives.     

A Tutorial Program: Collaboration Between Preservice and Inservice Teachers

Many elementary school teachers face severe time constraints working individually with students who need extra help or attention in mathematics. Sometimes, children who need this attention do not receive it. At the same time, critics of teacher education programs contend that preservice teachers do not receive enough hands-on experience teaching children. The Mathematics Tutorial Program is one attempt to address both of these issues. In this program, elementary grade children are identified by their classroom teachers as needing extra help in mathematics. They are paired with preservice elementary school teachers. Each preservice teacher tutors one or more elementary children for two 30-minute sessions each week for 6 to 24 weeks. They use manipulatives and a hands-on approach. The tutors reported professional gains from their contacts with classroom teachers, mathematics educators, and elementary children. Classroom teachers involved with the program commented on the children's improved selfesteem and confidence in mathematics. The children eagerly looked forward to the time with their tutors.     

Examination of the 8th grade students' TIMSS mathematics success in terms of different variables1

The aim of this study is to determine how the TIMSS mathematics success of the 8th grade students differentiates according to the school type, gender, mathematics report mark, parents' education level, cognitive domains and cognitive domains by gender. Relational survey method was used in the study. Six-hundred fifty two 8th grade students studying in the same city in Turkey participated in this study. In this study, a 45 question test that was made up by choosing TIMSS 2011 mathematics questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Quantitative data analysis methods were used in the data analysis, frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, independent sample test, one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests were applied to data by using SPSS packaged software. At the end of the study, it was determined that the school type, mathematics school mark, parents' education level and cognitive domains influenced the students' TIMSS mathematics success but their gender was a neutral element. Moreover, it was seen that schools which are really successful in national exams are more successful in TIMSS exam; students whose mathematics school marks are 5 and whose parents graduated from university are more successful in TIMSS exams than others.     

The use of concrete learning objects taken from the history of mathematics in mathematics education

This study aimed to reveal the effects of teaching with concrete learning objects taken from the history of mathematics on student achievement. Being a quasi-experimental study, it was conducted with two grade 8 classes in a secondary school located in Trabzon. The experimental group consisted of 27 students and the control group consisted of 25. Data were collected by using worksheets, an achievement exam and written opinion forms. The data from the achievement exam were analysed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test while the data from written opinion forms were analysed through content analysis. The Mann–Whitney U-test results showed a significant difference between the mean ranks of the experimental and control groups in favour of the former. Findings from the written opinion forms suggested that the students found the activities to be instructive and fun, enjoyed using concrete models in their classes, and learned from discovering the rules. It was also found that students had previously not engaged in similar activities and had only experienced the history of mathematics through the life stories and works of mathematicians and the representation of ancient numbers at the beginning of each unit.     

From numbers to narratives: Preservice teachers experiences’ with mathematics anxiety and mathematics teaching anxiety

This paper presents qualitative and quantitative approaches to exploring teachers’ experiences of mathematics anxiety (for learning and doing mathematics) and mathematics teaching anxiety (for instructing others in mathematics), the relationship between these types of anxiety and test/evaluation anxiety, and the impacts of anxiety on experiences in teacher education. Findings indicate that mathematics anxiety and mathematics teaching anxiety may be similar (i.e., that preservice teachers perceive a logical continuity and cumulative effect of their experiences of mathematics anxiety as learners in K–12 classrooms that impacts their work as teachers in future K–12 classrooms). Further, anxiety is not limited to occurring in evaluative settings, but when anxiety is triggered by thoughts of evaluation, preservice teachers may be affected by worrying about their own as well as their students' performances. The implications for preservice experiences within a teacher education program and for impacting future students are discussed.