Locale同伦理论

本文引入了locale连续映射同伦的概念,建立了locale同伦范畴,构造性地证明了任一locale连续映射都同伦等价于一个locale包含映射。通过引入locale H群的概念(它是locale群概念的自然推广),建立了locale同伦范畴到群同态范畴的一个反变函子。特别地,我们建立了locale同伦群范畴上的基本群函子,证明了locale L上以p为基点的基本群同构于L的谱空间pt(L)上以p为基点的基本群。因此,基本群函子是locale范畴中的一个同伦不变量。     

Locale的弱拓扑表达

本文引入了弱拓扑空间的概念,证明了locale范畴与弱拓扑空间范畴的关系类似于拓扑空间范畴与locale范畴的关系。locale范畴严格包含于弱拓扑空间范畴并且与Sober的弱拓扑空间范畴等价。     

Locale的仿紧完全正则反射

1972年, Isbell利用locale中由正规覆盖构成的一致结构的完备化, 证明了仿紧完全正则locale范畴是locale范畴的满反射子范畴. 本文通过在locale的补零元理想格上做核映射的方法, 给出locale的仿紧完全正则反射的明确构造, 并证明locale的仿紧完全正则反射是locale的 Stone-Čech紧化的子locale.     

L-fuzzy拓扑空间的弱诱导化

对任一L-fuzzy拓扑空间,本文给出了两个与之密切相关的弱诱导空间,从而证明了弱诱导空间范畴是一般fuzzy拓扑空间范畴的反射和余反射满子范畴.特别地我们较详细地讨论了次T_o完全正则空间的弱诱导化.     

拓扑空间范畴、拓扑FUZZ范畴与拓扑分子格范畴间的反射与余反射

从整体角度出发，证明了拓扑空间范畴Ｔｏｐ分别是拓扑Ｆｕｚｚ范畴ＴｏｐＦｕｚ与拓扑分子格范畴ＴＭＬ的反射与余反射满子范畴，ＴｏｐＦｕｚ是ＴＭＬ的反射与余反射（非满）子范畴．     

Z-Quantale及其范畴性质

本文把集系统的概念应用到Quantale理论中,作为Quantale的一般化,引入了Z-quantale的概念,研究了Z-quantale及其范畴的若干性质.主要结果有:证明了Z-quantale范畴是序半群范畴的反射子范畴,凝聚Z-quantale范畴是Z-quantale范畴的余反射子范畴.讨论了Z-quantale范畴中的投射对象,证明了Z-quantale A是E-投射的当且仅当它是稳定Z-连续的.     

locale范畴中的逆极限

给出locale范畴中逆极限结构的明确描述 .借助于引入的一种新的极限形式———集体拉回 ,详细讨论了逆极限的性质 ,特别地 ,不用选择公理证明了locale形式的Steenrod定理 ,并且证明了紧空间式locale的逆极限一般不是空间式的 .作为在拓扑空间范畴中的应用 ,改进了经典拓扑学中的Steenrod定理     

拓扑空间范畴,拓扑FUZZ范畴与拓扑分子格范略畴间的反射与余反射

从整体角度出发，证明拓扑空间范畴Ｔｏｐ分别是拓扑Ｆｕｚｚ范畴ＴｏｐＦｕｚｚ与拓扑分子格范畴ＴＭＬ的反射与余反射满子范畴，ＴｏｐＦｕｚｚｙ是ＴＭＬ的反射与余反射（非满）子范畴。     

关于弱拟第一可数空间的注记

给出一个弱拟第一可数空间成为弱第一可数空间的充要条件,证明了空间是弱第一可数空间当且仅当它是具有序列点Gδ性质的弱拟第一可数空间且不含Sw的闭拷贝.同时还证明了每一弱第一可数空间(弱拟第一可数空间)都是某个第一可数空间的商二到一映像(商可数到一映像),作为应用,部分回答了林寿(2007)的一个问题.     

近严格凸与最佳逼近

本文研究近严格凸与最佳逼近的关系．证明了Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间Ｘ是近严格凸的当且仅当Ｘ的每个子空间是紧－半－切比晓夫空间．     

Extremal Prime Filters and Universality of Some Categories

Abstract

Due to the existence of constants, classical topological categories cannot be universal in the sense of containing each concrete category as a full subcategory. In the point-free case, this obstruction vanishes and the question of universality makes sense again. The main problem, namely that as to whether the category of locales and localic morphisms is universal is still open; we prove, however, the universality of the following categories:

- pairs (locale, sublocale) with the localic morphisms preserving the distinguished sublocales,

- frames with frame homomorphisms reflecting the maximal prime ideals,

- Priestley spaces with f-maps preserving the maximal elements.     

Isocompactness in the Category of Locales

We study isocompactness in Loc defined, exactly as in Top, by requiring that every countably compact closed sublocale be compact. This is a genuine extension of the same-named topological concept since every Boolean (or, even more emphatically, every paracompact) locale is isocompact. A slightly stronger variant is defined by decreeing that the closure of every complemented countably compact sublocale be compact. Dropping the adjective “complemented” yields a formally even stronger property, which we show to be preserved by finite products. Metrizable locales (or, more generally, perfectly normal locales) do not distinguish between the three variants of isocompactness. Each of the stronger variants of isocompactness travels across a proper map of locales, and in the opposite direction if the map is a surjection in Loc.     

Tightness relative to some (co)reflections in topology

We address what might be termed the reverse reflection problem: given a monoreflection from a category A onto a subcategory B, when is a given object B ∈ B the reflection of a proper subobject? We start with a well known specific instance of this problem, namely the fact that a compact metric space is never the ?ech-Stone compactification of a proper subspace. We show that this holds also in the pointfree setting, i.e., that a compact metrizable locale is never the ?ech-Stone compactification of a proper sublocale. This is a stronger result than the classical one, but not because of an increase in scope; after all, assuming weak choice prin­ciples, every compact regular locale is the topology of a compact Hausdorff space. The increased strength derives from the conclusion, for in general a space has many more sublocales than subspaces. We then extend the analysis from metric locales to the broader class of perfectly normal locales, i.e., those whose frame of open sets consists entirely of cozero elements. We include a second proof of these results which is purely algebraic in character.

At the opposite extreme from these results, we show that an extremally disconnected locale is a compactification of each of its dense sublocales. Finally, we analyze the same phenomena, also in the pointfree setting, for the 0-dimensional compact reflec­tion and for the Lindelöf reflection.     

Embedding locales and formal topologies into positive topologies

A positive topology is a set equipped with two particular relations between elements and subsets of that set: a convergent cover relation and a positivity relation. A set equipped with a convergent cover relation is a predicative counterpart of a locale, where the given set plays the role of a set of generators, typically a base, and the cover encodes the relations between generators. A positivity relation enriches the structure of a locale; among other things, it is a tool to study some particular subobjects, namely the overt weakly closed sublocales. We relate the category of locales to that of positive topologies and we show that the former is a reflective subcategory of the latter. We then generalize such a result to the (opposite of the) category of suplattices, which we present by means of (not necessarily convergent) cover relations. Finally, we show that the category of positive topologies also generalizes that of formal topologies, that is, overt locales.     

Locales as spectral spaces

A frame is a complete distributive lattice that satisfies the infinite distributive law ${b \wedge \bigvee_{i \in I} a_i = \bigvee_{i \in I} b \wedge a_i}$ b ∧ ? i ∈ I a i = ? i ∈ I b ∧ a i . The lattice of open sets of a topological space is a frame. The frames form a category Fr. The category of locales is the opposite category Fr ^op . The category BDLat of bounded distributive lattices contains Fr as a subcategory. The category BDLat is anti-equivalent to the category of spectral spaces, Spec (via Stone duality). There is a subcategory of Spec that corresponds to the subcategory Fr under the anti-equivalence. The objects of this subcategory are called locales, the morphisms are the localic maps; the category is denoted by Loc. Thus locales are spectral spaces. The category Loc is equivalent to the category Fr ^op . A topological approach to locales is initiated via the systematic study of locales as spectral spaces. The first task is to characterize the objects and the morphisms of the category Spec that belong to the subcategory Loc. The relationship between the categories Top (topological spaces), Spec and Loc is studied. The notions of localic subspaces and localic points of a locale are introduced and studied. The localic subspaces of a locale X form an inverse frame, which is anti-isomorphic to the assembly associated with the frame of open and quasi-compact subsets of X.     

Entourages, Covers and Localic Groups

Due to the nature of product in the category of locales, the entourage uniformities in the point-free context only mimic the classical Weil approach while the cover (Tukey type) ones can be viewed as an immediate extension. Nevertheless the resulting categories are concretely isomorphic. We present a transparent construction of this isomorphism, and apply it to the natural uniformities of localic groups. In particular we show that localic group homomorphisms are uniform, thus providing natural forgetful functors from the category of localic groups into any of the two categories of uniform locales.     

Locale范畴中的零维性

本文讨论ｌｏｃａｌｅ的零维性质，主要结果有：（１）给出ｌｏｃａｌｅＡ的核映射（ｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ）构成的ｌｏｃａｌｅＮ（Ａ）中上确界的点式刻划，并得到了Ｎ（Ａ）的紧性与Ａ的紧性之间的关系；（２）给出零维ｌｏｃａｌｅ与ｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｔｌｏｃａｌｅ之间的关系，以及零维ｌｏｃａｌｅ的紧零维反射；（３）给出零维ｌｏｃａｌｅ范畴在ｌｏｃａｌｅ范畴中的刻划．     

Universal categories of uniform and metric locales

Recall that a category is called universal if it contains an isomorphic copy of any concrete category as a full subcategory. In particular, if is universal then every monoid can be represented as the endomorphism monoid of an object in . A major obstacle to universality in categories of topological nature are the constant maps (which prevent, for instance, representing nontrivial groups as endomorphism monoids). Thus, to obtain, say, a universal category of uniform spaces, the constants have to be prohibited by artificial additional conditions (for instance, conditions of an openness type). Since in generalized spaces (locales) we do not necessarily have points, the question naturally arises as to whether we can get rid of surplus conditions in search of universality there. In this paper we prove that the category of uniform locales with all uniform morphisms is universal. Indeed we establish the universality already for the subcategory of very special uniform locales, namely Boolean metric ones. Moreover, universality is also obtained for more general morphisms, such as Cauchy morphisms, as well as for special metric choices of morphisms (contractive, Lipschitz). The question whether one can avoid uniformities remains in general open: we do not know whether the category of all locales with all localic morphisms is universal. However, the answer is final for the Boolean case: by a result of McKenzie and Monk ([10], see Section 4) one cannot represent groups by endomorphisms of Boolean algebras without restriction by an additional structure.We use only basic categorical terminology, say, that from the introductory chapters of [9]. All the necesasary facts concerning generalized spaces (frames, locales) and universality are explicitly stated. More detail on frames (locales) can be found in [8] and on universality and embeddings of categories in [11].Presented by E. Fried.     

Separating families of locale maps and localic embeddings

We establish the notion of a separating family of locale maps, which is the localic analogue of the topological concept of separating points from closed sets by continuous maps. We then present a localic version of the topological embedding (or diagonal) theorem. Applications to arbitrary locales, zero-dimensional locales, and completely regular locales are given. Using the axiom of choice, we are able to control the number of factors of the target localic products so that it does not exceed the weight of the embeddable locale. Apart from the proofs of results involving the weights of locales, the remaining proofs are valid in topos logic.