关于压缩映射的一点注记

B.Ray 1974年在[1]中证明了下列定理: 定理 设X是完备的距离空间,T_1:X→X,T_2:X→X是两个映射.若存在h∈(0,1),使 d(T_1x,T_2y)≤hd(x,y),x,y∈X,(1)则T_1和T_2必有公共不动点。     

两类BCI—代数的结构特征

在[1]中有:BCI(K)—代数M=是拟左交错的,如果■x,y∈X,x≠y时有 x*(x*y)=(x*x)*yM是拟右交错的,如果?x,y∈X,x≠y时有     

COMMON FIXED POINTS WITH APPLICATIONS TO BEST SIMULTANEOUS APPROXIMATIONS

For a subset K of a metric space (X , d) and x ∈ X ,P K (x) ={y ∈ K : d(x, y) = d(x, K) ≡ inf { d(x, k) : k ∈ K }}is called the set of best K-approximant to x. An element g。∈ K is said to be a best simultaneous approximation of the pair y 1 , y 2 ∈ X if max{d(y 1 , g。), d(y 2 , g。) } = inf g ∈ K max { d(y 1 , g), d(y 2 , g)}.In this paper, some results on the existence of common fixed points for Banach operator pairs in the framework of convex metric spaces have been proved. For self mappings T and S on K, results are proved on both T - and S- invariant points for a set of best simultaneous approximation. Some results on best K-approximant are also deduced. The results proved generalize and extend some results of I. Beg and M. Abbas [1] , S. Chandok and T.D. Narang [2] , T.D. Narang and S. Chandok [11] , S.A. Sahab, M.S. Khan and S. Sessa [14] , P. Vijayaraju [20] and P. Vijayaraju and M. Marudai [21] .     

关于一个双参数三元不等式的研究

文[1]给出如下结论:设x,yz∈R+,则x/2x+y+z+y/2y+x+z+z/2z+x+y≤3/4.文[2]将这一结论进行指数推广,得到 　　定理A 设x,y,z ∈R+,0相似文献   

准上半连续性不必蕴含上半连续性的例子

<正> 1.命 X,Y 是拓扑空间,多值映象 T:X→2~Y 称为上半连续的(upper semi-continuous),如果对任何 x_0∈X 和任何开集 G(?)T(x_0),存在 x_0 在 X 中的邻域 U(x_0)使得 x∈U(x_0)蕴含 T(x)(?)G.F.E.Browder 证明了下述卓越的不动点原理([1]定理3).定理1 命 K 是局部凸隔离实拓扑向量空间 E 的非空紧致凸集,T:K→2~E 上半连续,使得对每个 x∈K,T(x)(?)E 是非空闭凸集,命δ(K)={x∈K|(?)y∈E,使 x+λy(?)K,(?)λ>0}表示 K 的代数边界.假设对每个 x∈δ(K),存在 y∈K,z∈T(x)和λ>0使得z-x=λ(y-x),那么存在 x_0∈K 使 x_0∈T(x_0).     

评《关于膨胀算子不动点定理的注记》一文

在文献[1]中,于挺同志证明了下述定理: 定理1设(X,d)是紧度量空间,T是X→X的连续映射,如果存在h>0,对任意x,y∈X,有 d(TX,TY)≥hd(x,y) (1)则T在X中有唯一不动点x_*,且对任意x_0∈X,x_n=TX_(n-1)(n=1,2,…),有=x_*。 我们可以证明: 当X至少有两个点时,满足定理1条件的映射不存在。 证明 用反证法,设存在映射T满足定理1的条件。由X至少有两个不同的点及(1)式易知T≠Ⅰ(Ⅰ是X→X的恒等映射)。     

一类条件最值问题的再研讨

1　问题的提出文 [1]在解决问题 (1) :“已知 x,y∈ R+ ,且 x+y= 1,求 1x+4y的最小值 .”时 ,采用了“用 1代换”的方法 ,在将该方法移植到解决问题 (2 ) :“已知 x ,y∈R+ ,且 x+y=1,求 1x2 +8y2 的最小值 .”时 ,思路受阻后 ,提出了在 (1x2 +8y2 )· (　 )中 ,括号中应配上什么式子才能解决问题的疑问 .由此利用柯西(Cauchy)不等式和待定系数法探求出了一个定理 :“已知 x,y∈ R+ ,且 x+y=1,若 λ>0 ,则当且仅当y:x=λ1n+ 1时 ,1xn+λyn (n>0 )取得最小值 ,最小值为(1+λ1n+ 1) n+ 1”.文 [1]的探索是有意义的 ,上述定理是正确的 ,读后…     

Fuzzy蕴涵代数与有界BCK—代数等价

在[1]中作者给出了下面的定义. 定义1 一个(2,0)型代数(X,→,0)称为FI代数,如果(?) x,y,z∈X,有 (I_1) x→(y→z)=y→(x→z), (I_2) (x→y)→[(y→z)→(x→2)]=1, (I_3) (x→z)=1, (I_4) 若x→y=y→x=1,则x=y, (I_5) 0→x=1,其中 1=0→0. 在[2]中Iseki K引入了BCK-代数,参见[3,4]. 定义2 一个(2,0)型代数(X;*,0)称为BCK-代数,如果(?) x,y,z∈X,有 (Ⅰ) ((x*y)*(x*z))*(z*y)=0, (Ⅱ) (x*(x*y))*y=0, (Ⅲ) x*x=0.     

一类二元函数最值的求法

文[1]利用不等式:设x1,x2∈R,y1,y2∈R ,则x21y1 x22y2≥(x1 x2)2y1 y2(1)(当且仅当x1y1=x2y2时等号成立)给出了一类二元函数最值问题的一种解题策略.受此启发,本文给出另一类二元函数最值的求法.定理设x,y∈R,a,b∈R ,则(1)当a>b时,有x2a-y2b≤(x-y)2a-b(2)(2)当a相似文献   

对"条件x+y=1下1/xn+λ/yn(n≥2)的最小值"再研究

1 问题回顾 文[1]由问题:"已知x,y∈R 且x y=1,求1/x 4/y的最小值"推广为下述定理:     

Nonparametric Density Estimation for a Long-Range Dependent Linear Process

We estimate the marginal density function of a long-range dependent linear process by the kernel estimator. We assume the innovations are i.i.d. Then it is known that the term of the sample mean is dominant in the MISE of the kernel density estimator when the dependence is beyond some level which depends on the bandwidth and that the MISE has asymptotically the same form as for i.i.d. observations when the dependence is below the level. We call the latter the case where the dependence is not very strong and focus on it in this paper. We show that the asymptotic distribution of the kernel density estimator is the same as for i.i.d. observations and the effect of long-range dependence does not appear. In addition we describe some results for weakly dependent linear processes.     

制造业行业收入差距的影响因素及解决路径分析——以浙江省宁波市为例

本文以浙江省宁波市制造业的行业小类为研究对象,以第一、二次经济普查数据为来源,细分以特征及影响因素两大角度展开实证分析。研究发现:宁波市行业收入差距明显,各经济指标差异显著;同时,石油石化及烟草这两大行业凭借其强大的垄断性独占鳌头,而工艺品及其制造业则一直位列末端;福利性支出扩大了行业间的收入差距;且2004年到2008年,浙江省宁波市行业间的福利性收入差距在不断扩大,但行业间工资性收入差距却逐步缩小,总体上来看,该市人均收入差距缩小明显;两次经济普查中,影响因素的排序皆为:行业盈利能力,行业资本密度,行业垄断和行业技术效率,各因素的影响程度均在加强,以后两者最为明显;四因素对不同收入水平的群体影响程度不同。     

Harmonic distrotions under nonlinear periodic deformation of fluid polymers

Conclusions 1. It has been shown for a number of viscoelastic fluid systems that under nonlinear periodic deformation, the contribution of the third harmonic of the stress to the fundamental does not exceed 20% of the amplitude.2. In the case of clay soil and melt of filled polyethylene, the shape of the stress waves is essentially definable by the relative phase angle of the third harmonic of the stress and is practically independent of the deformation amplitude in a growing nonlinear range of deformation.3. In the case of the polyethylene melt, the amplitude dependence of the phase angles of the stress harmonics is in satisfactory agreement with the analysis of model I. With increasing deformation amplitude, the modulus vector of the first harmonic rotates counterclockwise and remains in the first trigonometric quadrant; the modulus vector of the third harmonic passes from the second to the third quadrant, and the modulus vector of the fifth harmonic passes from the second to the fourth quadrant via the third.Institute of Polymer Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR, Riga. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 5, pp. 893–898, September–October, 1978.     

General binomial-type coefficients in the sequence of Bernstein operators

In this paper we study the sequence of Bernstein operators in the case when the binomial coefficients are substituted by general ones satisfying a similar recursive rule. Besides the characterization of the convergence and the approximation properties of the sequence of operators obtained in this manner, the main application regards the approximation of the solutions of suitable second-order parabolic problems. Work performed under the auspices of G. N. A. F. A. (C. N. R.) and M. U. R. S. T.     

第二类Volterra型积分方程的Chebyshev-Legendre谱配置方法

提出了一种新的求解第二类线性Volterra型积分方程的Chebyshev谱配置方法.该方法分别对方程中积分部分的核函数和未知函数在Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto点上进行插值,通过Chebyshev-Legendre变换,把插值多项式表示成Legendre级数形式,从而将积分转换为内积的形式,再利用Legendre多项式的正交性进行计算.利用Chebyshev插值算子在不带权范数意义下的逼近结果,对该方法在理论上给出了L∞范数意义下的误差估计,并通过数值算例验证了算法的有效性和理论分析的正确性.     

The generalized Cauchy problem with data on two surfaces for a quasilinear analytic system

We consider the generalized Cauchy problem with data on two surfaces for a second-order quasilinear analytic system. The distinction of the generalized Cauchy problem from the traditional statement of the Cauchy problem is that the initial conditions for different unknown functions are given on different surfaces: for each unknown function we pose its own initial condition on its own coordinate axis. Earlier, the generalized Cauchy problem was considered in the works of C. Riquier, N. M. Gyunter, S. L. Sobolev, N. A. Lednev, V. M. Teshukov, and S. P. Bautin. In this article we construct a solution to the generalized Cauchy problem in the case when the system of partial differential equations additionally contains the values of the derivatives of the unknown functions (in particular outer derivatives) given on the coordinate axes. The last circumstance is a principal distinction of the problem in the present article from the generalized Cauchy problems studied earlier.     

Some observations on the performance of balloons from the rate of rotation of the fan in the F-Type radiosonde

If the rate of ascent of the balloon is constant, the rate of rotation of the fan in the F-Type radiosonde should decrease with height, due to the decrease in the density of the air. It was observed from the radiosonde ascents of Minicoy that the rate of rotation of the fan remained almost unchanged up to even 100 mb. It is shown that this is due to the increase in the rate of ascent of the balloon by about 2% of the value near the ground per km. ascent. Positive evidence of turbulence in the stratosphere is provided by the large fluctuations in the rate of rotation of the fan. It is also observed that the balloon whose fabric at the 50 mb. level is about 0·014 mm. thick bursts due to the turbulence.     

Optimization of the Relaxation Parameter for S.S.O.R. and A.D.I. Preconditioning

We present and compare several approaches for the optimization of the relaxation parameter both for A.D.I. and S.S.O.R. basic iteration and preconditioning conjugate gradient method. For each kind of preconditioning a detailed link between estimates of the spectral radius of the iteration matrix and of the condition number resulting from preconditioning is proposed. It allows to choose the best approach in order to obtain the optimal relaxation parameter and the corresponding optimal estimates either of the spectral radius of the iteration matrix and of the resulting condition mumber of the S.S.O.R. and A.D.I. preconditioning.     

Time to most recent common ancestor for stationary continuous state branching processes with immigration

Motivated by sample path decomposition of the stationary continuous state branching process with immigration, a general population model is considered using the idea of immortal individual. We compute the joint distribution of the random variables： the time to the most recent common ancestor （MRCA）, the size of the current population, and the size of the population just before MRCA. We obtain the bottleneck effect as well. The distribution of the number of the oldest families is also established. These generalize the results obtained by Y. T. Chen and J. F. Delmas.     

Minimum cost spanning tree games

We consider the problem of cost allocation among users of a minimum cost spanning tree network. It is formulated as a cooperative game in characteristic function form, referred to as a minimum cost spanning tree (m.c.s.t.) game. We show that the core of a m.c.s.t. game is never empty. In fact, a point in the core can be read directly from any minimum cost spanning tree graph associated with the problem. For m.c.s.t. games with efficient coalition structures we define and construct m.c.s.t. games on the components of the structure. We show that the core and the nucleolus of the original game are the cartesian products of the cores and the nucleoli, respectively, of the induced games on the components of the efficient coalition structure.This paper is a revision of [4].