数学文化融入《复变函数与积分变换》的教学案例研究与设计

从数学文化视角对《复变函数与积分变换》课程进行了"数学史"、"数学思想方法"、"数学思维方法"、"数学家的相关故事"、"数学美"及"用数学知识解决实际问题"的教学案例的研究与设计,并将教学案例融入该课程的实践教学中,使教学过程关注的不仅仅是数学知识,而是包括数学知识在内的整个数学文化,让学生学习知识的同时受到数学文化的熏陶,最终目标是培养大学生具有深厚底蕴的数学文化综合素养.     

数学建模中的创新意识培养

针对数学建模中模型建立与求解以及模型的评价与推广这两个环节,提出了"旁观者"与"当局者"这两个角色,并指出优秀数学建模参与者应该具备"从旁观者到当局者"以及"从当局者再回到旁观者"的双向角色转换能力.同时,还从形式和内容两个方面对数学建模优秀论文的共性进行了分析,并联系数学建模的两个环节,指出了优秀论文和数学建模过程中两个环节这两者与角色转换的紧密关系.最后,对如何培训学生成为一个优秀的数学建模参与者提供了一些参考和建议.     

贴近生活 突出应用——高中数学新课程建模个案

新课程标准对数学建模提出了明确要求:"高中数学课程要把数学建模思想以不同形式渗透在各模块和专题内容中.并在高中阶段至少安排一次较为完整的数学建模活动".这充分体现了数学知识的生活化,使数学的学习更贴近实际、贴近现实,让学生深刻体会到数学就在我们身边,数学"源于现实,寓于现实".同时新课程强调了将数学语言、数学知识、数学思想广泛的渗透到生活的各个方面,使学生真实的感受"处处留意皆数学,现实时时用数学".     

关于"数学现实"的一个调查及其意义分析

1 背景 针对<全日制义务教育数学课程标准(修订稿)>中"数学现实"这一概念的提出,2008年4月我们曾在"数学教育学报"(2008年第2期)发表文章<关于"现实数学"与"数学现实">[1],对"数学现实"的含义、划分及其意义作了分析.现就一个具体的数学概念--函数,在学生头脑中形成的映像(images),即学生的函数概念的"数学现实"的调查情况予以分析,试图以此探讨学生的"数学现实"的表现形式、特点以及在数学教学上的指导意义.     

例说数学教学设计的四个话题——兼谈数学教学设计的观念问题

数学教学的成功与否与数学教学设计的优劣密切相关,数学教学设计则往往取决于数学教学理念,数学教学理念是数学教学设计的"导航仪".时下,新的课程改革也在不断影响着人们的教学理念,尤其是教师的数学观、数学学习观、数学教学观.我国学生的数学基础扎实有余却创造力不足——张奠宙老师称之为"花岗岩的基础上盖茅草房"1的现象着实让所有的数学教育工作者担心,我们出于研究教学设计的需要,查阅了不少中学数学教学设计,发现一些老师的教学设计往往被应试教育这一"紧箍咒"束缚,一定程度上影响     

数学文化教育及其结构

近年来,数学作为一种文化,在我国数学教育界受到了广泛的重视,特别是数学文化进入数学课程标准(新的高中数学课程标准中,"数学文化"已作为一个单独的板块列入)后,数学文化成为一个热门话题,几乎达到了一说数学教育则言必称数学文化,然而,学术界对数学文化的研究大多仍停留在学术性层面,对在数学教学中到底如何实施数学文化的教育,即数学文化如何走进数学课堂研究明显不足,导致一线数学教师在教学中如何实施数学文化教育心中无数,感到茫然,以为"数学文化教育"就是在教学中讲点数学史、数学故事就行了.     

《数学教育研究导引(二)》

<正>《数学教育研究导引(二)》由张奠宙先生担任学术总监,鲍建生、徐斌艳主编,江苏教育出版社出版。此书的形式和体例基本沿袭了老版本《数学教育研究导引》的思路,选材的范围主要是这20年来国际上有一定影响的学术著作和论文。其中,"进展综述"部分重点介绍近20年来国际数学教育的一些大事;"专著导读"部分筛选了一些经典著作,包括国际数学教育委员会(ICMI)的研究系列;"论文评介"部分是按照数学教育的研究领域排列的,如"数学课程的理论与实践"、"数学课堂教学研究"、"数学学习理论"、"数学教师教育"、"数学教育评价"等,希望通过这些论文,由点带面,在研究方法上起到示范的作用;最后一部分"课题推荐"根据     

挖掘复习主线 提升核心素养——以高三数学微专题“任意性与存在性”的复习为例

"主线"在《普通高中数学课程标准(2017年版)》(以下简称《标准》)中并不是一个高频词,只出现了25次,但仔细品读《标准》会发现,恰恰是"主线"一词体现了本次课程在内容结构的重大变化.《标准》中的"主线"一词含义有二:一是"内容主线",《标准》突出了"函数、几何与代数、概率与统计,数学建模活动与数学探究活动"四条主线,这些内容,是学生进入社会应用需求和进一步学习最主要的基础,是提高学生核心素养的基本载体,是促进学生的思维能力、实践能力和创新意识发展的基本工具;二是"目标主线",高中数学课程的目标之一是"在学习数学和应用数学的过程中,学生能发展数学抽象、逻辑推理、数学建模、直观想象、数学运算、数据分析等数学学科核心素养."     

大学文科数学教学中学生数学应用的实证研究

为了实现大学文科数学课程培养学生创新思维和实践能力的目的,提高文科生对数学学习价值的认识,进行大学本科一年级文科生数学应用实验,获得了162篇数学应用报告,运用"统计概括"和"分析概括"方法进行了案例研究.结论是(i)撰写数学调查报告是文科生数学应用立见成效的途径;(ii)数学应用是兴趣和知识的融合点;(ⅲ)数学应用的课题研究能提高学生的创新思维和应用能力.     

漫谈新课改下函数章节中『探究·拓展』题的演变

新课改实施后,教材设计了一些具有挑战性的内容,包括思考、探究、链接,以及习题中的"思考·运用"、"探究·拓展"等,以激发学生探究数学的兴趣.把教材中"探究·拓展"题适当地作一些探究与拓展,可以揭示数学真正的文化要义,可以最大限度地张扬数学思考的魅力,并改变一个人思考的方式、方法和视角,可以展示数学知识的丰富、数学方法的精巧、数学思想的博大、数学思考的美妙,也能让学生提高学习数学的兴趣,树立学好数学的信心,形成锲而不舍的钻研精神和科学态度,经历从"想学"到"能学",从"会学"到"恒学".     

培养学生科学思维和创新能力的研究与实践——谈大学数学研究型教学

通过从一个导数值等式的证明谈起,探讨教师在课堂教学中如何根据教学内容创设能激起学生新异感的问题情景,启发和引导学生发散思考,类比、联想、猜想,探索和发现新问题并给出解答.使学生思维不断攀升,丰富教学内容,激发学生兴趣,培养学生科学思维方法和创新能力.     

Mexican high school students' social representations of mathematics,its teaching and learning

This paper reports a qualitative research that identifies Mexican high school students’ social representations of mathematics. For this purpose, the social representations of ‘mathematics’, ‘learning mathematics’ and ‘teaching mathematics’ were identified in a group of 50 students. Focus group interviews were carried out in order to obtain the data. The constant comparative style was the strategy used for the data analysis because it allowed the categories to emerge from the data. The students’ social representations are: (A) Mathematics is…(1) important for daily life, (2) important for careers and for life, (3) important because it is in everything that surrounds us, (4) a way to solve problems of daily life, (5) calculations and operations with numbers, (6) complex and difficult, (7) exact and (6) a subject that develops thinking skills; (B) To learn mathematics is…(1) to possess knowledge to solve problems, (2) to be able to solve everyday problems, (3) to be able to make calculations and operations, and (4) to think logically to be able to solve problems; and (C) To teach mathematics is…(1) to transmit knowledge, (2) to know to share it, (3) to transmit the reasoning ability, and (4) to show how to solve problems.     

Recent optimization models and trends in location,relocation, and dispatching of emergency medical vehicles

Over the past 10 years, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to the development of models to support decision making in the particular yet important context of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). More specifically, the need for advanced strategies to take into account the uncertainty and dynamism inherent to EMS, as well as the pertinence of socially oriented objectives, such as equity, and patient medical outcomes, have brought new and exciting challenges to the field. In this context, this paper summarizes and discusses modern modeling approaches to address problems related to ambulance fleet management, particularly those related to vehicle location and relocation, as well as dispatching decisions. Although it reviews early works on static ambulance location problems, this review concentrates on recent approaches to address tactical and operational decisions, and the interaction between these two types of decisions. Finally, it concludes on the current state of the art and identifies promising research avenues in the field.     

Complex calculators in the classroom: theoretical and practical reflections on teaching pre-calculus

University and older school students following scientific courses now use complex calculators with graphical, numerical and symbolic capabilities. In this context, the design of lessons for 11th grade pre-calculus students was a stimulating challenge.In the design of lessons, emphasising the role of mediation of calculators and the development of schemes of use in an 'instrumental genesis' was productive. Techniques, often discarded in teaching with technology, were viewed as a means to connect task to theories. Teaching techniques of use of a complex calculator in relation with 'traditional' techniques was considered to help students to develop instrumental and paper/pencil schemes, rich in mathematical meanings and to give sense to symbolic calculations as well as graphical and numerical approaches.The paper looks at tasks and techniques to help students to develop an appropriate instrumental genesis for algebra and functions, and to prepare for calculus. It then focuses on the potential of the calculator for connecting enactive representations and theoretical calculus. Finally, it looks at strategies to help students to experiment with symbolic concepts in calculus.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Identification of interrelationship of key customers’ needs based on structural model for services/capabilities provided by a Semiconductor-Intellectual-Property Mall

The semiconductor industry is shifting towards innovation and acquisition of intellectual property. Semiconductor-Intellectual-Property (SIP) design, a new industry, is also rapidly growing. This challenges both providers and users to develop infrastructure and standard interfaces. Establishing an SIP Mall to provide a full array of SIP business services is a new concept used to promote growth of the SIP industry. Many foundries and governments have been involved in setting up SIP Malls; however, the major services needed for an SIP Mall to attract SIP providers and SIP users must still be clarified. In this paper, the DEMATEL (DEcision MAking Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method was used to discover and illustrate the key services needed to attract SIP users and SIP providers to an SIP Mall. Research enabled the derivation of the interrelated services and the structural interrelationship between them using the DEMATEL method. Overall, four key services were found to be vital for an SIP Mall to attract customers and to allocate resources efficiently.     

机场任务指派问题的优化方案研究

本文研究了机场任务指派问题,该问题是指将具有特殊属性的任务指派给有限数量的班次。由于机场任务和班次属性的多样性,机场任务指派问题是一个复杂的组合优化问题,属于NP-完全问题。本文以任务完成产生的效益总和最大化为目标建立数学优化模型,提出有效不等式,应用CPLEX软件对实际数据进行求解,结果表明,CPLEX可以在较短时间内对一定规模的算例求得最优解。同时对影响目标函数的四个因素:任务数量、班次数量、班次工作时长和任务属性分别进行分析,通过实际算例测试对比,得出具有指导意义的结论,即根据机场特征分别调整四个因素不仅能够提高机场资源的有效利用率,而且能够提高机场的运行效率和服务水平。     

Dependence Graphs: Dependence Within and Between Groups

This paper applies the two-party dependence theory (Castelfranchi, Cesta and Miceli, 1992, in Y. Demazeau and E. Werner (Eds.) Decentralized AI-3, Elsevier, North Holland) to modelling multiagent and group dependence. These have theoretical potentialities for the study of emerging groups and collective structures, and more generally for understanding social and organisational complexity, and practical utility for both social-organisational and agent systems purposes. In the paper, the dependence theory is extended to describe multiagent links, with a special reference to group and collective phenomena, and is proposed as a framework for the study of emerging social structures, such as groups and collectives. In order to do so, we propose to extend the notion of dependence networks (applied to a single agent) to dependence graphs (applied to an agency). In its present version, the dependence theory is argued to provide (a) a theoretical instrument for the study of social complexity, and (b) a computational system for managing the negotiation process in competitive contexts and for monitoring complexity in organisational and other cooperative contexts.     

Polynomial Approximation of Functions: Historical Perspective and New Tools

This paper examines the effect of applying symbolic computation and graphics to enhance students' ability to move from a visual interpretation of mathematical concepts to formal reasoning. The mathematics topics involved, Approximation and Interpolation, were taught according to their historical development, and the students tried to follow the thinking process of the creators of the theory. They used a Computer Algebra System to manipulate algebraic expressions and generate a wide variety of dynamic graphics; thus21st century technology was applied in order to “walk” with the students from the period of Euler in 1748 to the period of Runge in 1901. We describe some situations in which the combination of dynamic graphics,algorithms, and historical perspective enabled the students to improve their understanding of concepts such as limit, convergence, and the quality of approximation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Degenerate Linear Multicriteria Sensitivity

Sensitivity to perturbations of the vector objective function and/or the constraints is studied for the efficient (or weakly) set associated to a linear multicriteria program whose the feasible polyhedron is not necessarily assumed to be nondegenerate. Namely, the efficient set in the linear case being a connected union of some faces of the polyhedron, then we establish firstly second order necessary and sufficient conditions for the feasibility of a degenerate vertex under small perturbations, and finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions of Simplex type, for a such vertex, or incident face to it, to be efficient and mostly to preserve this quality after the perturbations.     

波士顿矩阵法在河南承接产业转移中的应用

承接产业转移是加速区域经济发展的"助推器",提升产业集聚能力是提高区域产业竞争力的关键,如何科学地选择承接产业,并提升产业集聚能力是河南亟待解决的问题.选取2010年和2014年两个时点,运用产业梯度系数和产业动态集聚指数对工业进行分行业分析,并借鉴波士顿矩阵分析法将其划分为明星、金牛、问题、瘦狗和衰退等产业.根据河南的自然资源、劳动力、区位条件、市场需求等比较优势,并考虑产业集聚发展的能力,来确定河南承接产业转移的重点产业.