存货质押融资质押物价格变化MRS-GRACH模型研究

针对质押物价格收益序列存在的结构转换特征,对常系数ARCH模型进行改进,引入一个变化服从马尔科夫过程的状态随机变量反映价格收益不同的波动状况,从而构建了质押物价格收益MRS-GARCH模型.实例研究表明MRS-GARCH模型能够刻画现实中质押物价格收益波动结构动态变化过程,同时能够识别外界不可见因素对收益波动的影响力度,MRS-GARCH模型较GARCH模型在拟合及预测价格收益波动方面具有更准确的效果.     

基于跳跃、好坏波动率和马尔科夫状态转换的高频波动率模型预测

基于跳跃、好坏波动率的视角,采用比ABD检测更稳健的ADS检测法进行甄别跳跃,提出HAR改进模型,进一步考虑到实际波动率的非线性和高持续性动态,文章引入马尔科夫状态转换机制以构建对应的MRS-HAR族模型,推导其参数估计方法,并运用滚动时间窗预测技术和MCS检验评估预测模型结果,并采取不同的窗口期进行稳健性检验.以上海期货交易所的黄金连续(AU0)期货合约为研究对象,实证研究表明:结合马尔科夫状态转换机制,跳跃波动在上涨行情时会抑制未来波动性;结合马尔科夫状态转换机制,好坏波动率在上涨行情时正负冲击相对平衡,而在下跌行情时好(坏)波动率抑制(加剧)未来波动性;MCS检验证实,结合马尔科夫状态转换的MRS-HAR族模型相比于HAR族模型具有更优的预测精度,进一步考虑由ADS检测修正的好坏波动率和符号跳跃能够改善波动率模型的预测能力,其中基于符号跳跃和马尔科夫状态转换的MRS-HAR-RV-SJ模型展现了最高的预测精度.     

基于MRS-GARCH模型的中国股市波动率估计与预测

基于误差项服从正态分布、t分布、广义误差分布的GARCH族模型和MRS-GARCH模型对中国股市波动的结构变化特征进行了实证研究。结果表明,中国股市存在显著的高、低波动状态,两种波动状态的ARCH和GARCH项系数存在较大差异;高、低波动状态均具有较长的持续时间,低波动状态的持续时间长于高波动状态的持续时间,且中国股市更易于从高波动状态转向低波动状态;MRS-GARCH模型预测效果总体上优于GARCH族模型,基于正态分布的MRS-GARCH模型短期预测效果较好。     

基于LST-GARCH模型的国际油价波动研究

本文基于西德克萨斯轻质原油现货价格日数据,采用逻辑斯特机制平滑转换GARCH模型(LST-GARCH)实证研究国际油价波动特征,研究表明收益率波动的高持久性是一种假象,国际油价的波动过程存在机制转换效应;与传统的GARCH模型相比,LST-GARCH机制转换模型能够刻画油价波动过程的机制平滑转换特征;国际油价波动性对外部冲击有明显的杠杆效应,即相同幅度负的外部冲击比正的冲击引起更大的油价波动;另外国际油价波动过程具有非线性,即波动规律的时变特征。模型的检验与预测结果表明LST-GARCH模型比GARCH模型更好地描述国际油价波动特征。     

基于RCMRS的套期保值时变模型及实证研究

采用随机系数马尔科夫体制转换(RCMRS)模型对中国铜期货市场套期保值比进行估计.RCMRS模型跳出GARCH类模型基于新息描述的研究框架,视最优套期保值比为随机系数,直接估计出依赖于市场体制状态的时变套期保值比.市场体制状态在模型中被视为潜在变量,和其它参数一起通过最大化似然函数估计出来.由于考虑了不同市场体制状态对套期保值比的影响,RCMRS模型估计的最小方差套期保值比波动范围要小于GARCH类模型估计结果的波动范围.均值—方差效用函数不仅反映了风险,还同时反映了收益率及风险厌恶程度.在采用方差下降百分比测度套期保值效率的同时,另外采用均值—方差效用最大化原则对RCMRS模型与GARCH、VECM、VAR及OLS模型的套期保值表现进行了样本内和样本外比较.样本内比较支持RCMRS模型,而样本外比较则不利于RCMRS模型.     

基于Expectile和Realized GARCH模型的波动率预测

Realized GARCH模型是预测波动率的经典模型之一,最小化非对称二次损失函数的Expectile对收益率尾部分布更加敏感,我们在Realized GARCH模型的基础上引入Expectile提出Expectile-Realized GARCH模型。以沪深300指数的高频收益率为例建模分析,对比不同模型下的波动率预测效果,发现Expectile-Realized GARCH模型较Realized GARCH模型对波动率预测能力更好。其中,当风险水平为95%时,对应的Expectile-Realized GARCH波动率预测能力最好。     

股市和债市波动溢出马尔科夫体制转换特征的数量研究

在利用滑动相关系数描述两市波动溢出强度基础上,实证选择了马尔科夫体制转换ARMA(1,1)刻画我国股市和债市的体制转换特征;接着利用LR检验等验证了MS-ARMA(1,1)整体及各类参数结构变化的显著性;然后利用概率外推法预测了短期内两市的波动溢出强度变动趋势.结果表明,两市体制转换非对称,正相关状态持续期更长,体制转换中存在交替的逃离效应和传染效应特征.     

中国黄金期货市场波动特征及模型预测研究

选取上海期货交易所黄金期货价格指数日内10分钟高频收益数据,构造了经调整的已实现极差波动率估计序列,利用6类GARCH模型建模分析,描述了黄金期货价格指数的波动特征.运用多种损失函数比较了GARCH类模型样本外波动率预测精度的优劣,并在此基础上,采用一种渐进正态分布检验法评估了GARCH类模型的预测效果.结果显示,黄金期货已实现极差波动率估计序列具有尖峰厚尾、集聚性、持续性等特征.对于黄金期货市场,ACD-GARCH模型具有相对最好的波动率预测能力.     

成交量信息有助于预测中国股票市场的波动吗?

就成交量信息是否有助于预测股票市场的波动率这一问题,目前学术界有两种截然相反的观点存在。本文以中国股票市场代表性指数的代表性波动周期为例,对上述问题进行了实证研究。通过采用较以往研究更为严谨和稳健的样本外滚动时间窗预测法和高级预测能力检验法(Superiorpredictive ability,SPA),本文得到的分析结论包括:(1)成交量信息对中国股票市场的波动过程有显著影响;(2)将成交量纳入GARCH族模型会导致条件方差方程中的波动持续性出现明显下降;(3)引入成交量作为附加解释变量的GARCH族模型并未表现出比一般GARCH族模型更优的波动率预测能力。最后对实证结果给出了理论解释。     

基于损失函数的GARCH类模型波动率预测评价

本文的目的是通过利用多种损失函数评估三种GARCH模型的预测精度，找到最优的股指期货日内波动率研究预测模型。利用之前的研究结果，三个沪深300股指期货日内一分钟日内收益率被用作研究对象，对标准GARCH,eGARCH以及RealGARCH三个模型做了实证检验，并利用多种损失函数，从不同角度衡量三个波动率模型的预测精度。研究发现：Sample1样本的RealGARCH模型有最好的预测效果，而Sample2样本与Sample6样本的eGARCH模型有最好的预测精度。因此，在对沪深300股指期货日内波动率研究时，应根据其样本特征，优先选择具有能够反映非对称特征的波动率模型来刻画波动过程，对未来波动率做预测。     

机制转换条件下股市收益率跳跃行为研究:基于RS-ARJI模型的以中国股市为例的实证分析

为检验股市收益率机制转换特性,考察机制转换条件下股市收益率的跳跃特征,以及在不同机制下跳跃行为对股市收益率的冲击效应,将Markov机制转换思想引入自回归跳跃(ARJI)模型,构建一个机制转换自回归跳跃(RS-ARM)模型.基于该模型对中国股市进行实证研究,结果表明:股市存在高、低波动两种机制,高波动时期的跳跃幅度和强度及其对股市收益率的冲击均大于低波动时期.同时,波动率估计和预测评价指标显示,RS-ARJI模型优于目前被广泛使用的GARCH模型和ARJI模型.     

Volatility forecasting via SVR–GARCH with mixture of Gaussian kernels

The support vector regression (SVR) is a supervised machine learning technique that has been successfully employed to forecast financial volatility. As the SVR is a kernel-based technique, the choice of the kernel has a great impact on its forecasting accuracy. Empirical results show that SVRs with hybrid kernels tend to beat single-kernel models in terms of forecasting accuracy. Nevertheless, no application of hybrid kernel SVR to financial volatility forecasting has been performed in previous researches. Given that the empirical evidence shows that the stock market oscillates between several possible regimes, in which the overall distribution of returns it is a mixture of normals, we attempt to find the optimal number of mixture of Gaussian kernels that improve the one-period-ahead volatility forecasting of SVR based on GARCH(1,1). The forecast performance of a mixture of one, two, three and four Gaussian kernels are evaluated on the daily returns of Nikkei and Ibovespa indexes and compared with SVR–GARCH with Morlet wavelet kernel, standard GARCH, Glosten–Jagannathan–Runkle (GJR) and nonlinear EGARCH models with normal, student-t, skew-student-t and generalized error distribution (GED) innovations by using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and robust Diebold–Mariano test. The results of the out-of-sample forecasts suggest that the SVR–GARCH with a mixture of Gaussian kernels can improve the volatility forecasts and capture the regime-switching behavior.     

Bayesian modeling and forecasting of Value‐at‐Risk via threshold realized volatility

This study proposes a threshold realized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) model that jointly models daily returns and realized volatility, thereby taking into account the bias and asymmetry of realized volatility. We incorporate this threshold realized GARCH model with skew Student‐t innovations as the observation equation, view this model as a sharp transition model, and treat the realized volatility as a proxy for volatility under this nonlinear structure. Through the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method, the model can jointly estimate the parameters in the return equation, the volatility equation, and the measurement equation. As an illustration, we conduct a simulation study and apply the proposed method to the US and Japan stock markets. Based on quantile forecasting and volatility estimation, we find that the threshold heteroskedastic framework with realized volatility successfully models the asymmetric dynamic structure. We also investigate the predictive ability of volatility by comparing the proposed model with the traditional GARCH model as well as some popular asymmetric GARCH and realized GARCH models. This threshold realized GARCH model with skew Student‐t innovations outperforms the competing risk models in out‐of‐sample volatility and Value‐at‐Risk forecasting.     

Empirical modelling of the DEM/USD and DEM/JPY foreign exchange rate: Structural shifts in GARCH‐models and their implications

We analyse daily changes of two log foreign exchange (FX) rates involving the Deutsche Mark (DEM) for the period 1975–1998, namely FX‐rates measured against the US dollar (USD) and the Japanese yen (JPY). To account for volatility clustering we fit a GARCH(1,1)‐model with leptokurtic innovations. Its parameters are not stable over the sample period and two separate variance regimes are selected for both exchange rate series. The identified points of structural change are close to a change of the monetary policies in the US and Japan, the latter of which is followed by a long period of decreasing asset prices. Having identified subperiods of homogeneous volatility dynamics we concentrate on stylized facts to distinguish these volatility regimes. The bottom level of estimated volatility turns out be considerably higher during the second part of the sample period for both exchange rates. A similar result holds for the average level of volatility and for implied volatility of heavily traded at the money options. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GARCH模型族的中国股市波动性预测

收益与风险历来都是投资者与研究者所关注的问题 .本文选取 GA RCH、TGARCH和 EGARCH模型来拟合中国股市的波动性 .实证分析结果表明 ,中国股市的波动具有显著的波动聚类性与持续性 ;由 E-GARCH模型所预测的上证 30指数、上证综合指数和深证成份指数未来一天的波动要明显优于 GARCH和TGARCH模型的对应值 ,而对香港恒生指数 ,三种模型的预测结果无显著的差异 .     

基于非参数GARCH模型的中国股市波动性预测

本文采用上证综合指数和深证成份指数1997年1月2日—2005年6月30日的每日收盘价对数百分收益率为样本,运用非参数GARCH(1,1)模型研究了中国股票市场的波动性,并与参数GARCH(1,1)模型的估计结果进行了比较,最后利用六种预测误差度量指标比较了这两种模型的样本内及样本外预测能力,结果发现,非参数GARCH(1,1)模型对股市波动性的预测精度有明显提高。     

Improving density forecast by modeling asymmetric features: An application to S&P500 returns

A density forecast is an estimate of the probability distribution of the possible future values of a random variable. From the current literature, an economic time series may have three types of asymmetry: asymmetry in unconditional distribution, asymmetry in conditional distribution, volatility asymmetry. In this paper, we propose three density forecasting methods under two-piece normal assumption to capture these asymmetric features. A GARCH model with two-piece normal distribution is developed to capture asymmetries in the conditional distributions. In this approach, we first estimate parameters of a GARCH model by assuming normal innovations, and then fit a two-piece normal distribution to the empirical residuals. Block bootstrap procedure, and moving average method with two-piece normal distribution are presented for volatility asymmetry and asymmetry in the conditional distributions. Application of the developed methods to the weekly S&P500 returns illustrates that forecast quality can be significantly improved by modeling these asymmetric features.     

基于GED—GARCH模型的中国原油价格波动特征研究

本文采用中国大庆原油价格日平均交易数据,建立了基于GED分布的GARCH(1,1)、GARCH-M(1,1)和TGARCH(1,1)三个模型,描述了中国原油价格与国际接轨以来的波动特征。实证结果表明,与国际油价类似,中国原油价格的波动也存在显著的GARCH效应,但其波动冲击的半衰期要比国际油价短,为5天。而且,中国原油收益率受到预期风险的负向影响,表明中国原油市场并非完全市场化运作,当然这种负向影响程度较小,约为8%。另外,中国原油价格的波动存在显著的杠杆效应,相同幅度的油价下跌比油价上涨对未来油价的波动具有更大的影响,前者是后者的1.7倍左右。最后,基于GED分布的GARCH模型比基于正态分布的GARCH模型能够更好地描述中国原油价格的波动特征,并且具有较好的预测能力。     

Medium‐term horizon volatility forecasting: A comparative study

In this paper, volatility is estimated and then forecast using unobserved components‐realized volatility (UC‐RV) models as well as constant volatility and GARCH models. With the objective of forecasting medium‐term horizon volatility, various prediction methods are employed: multi‐period prediction, variable sampling intervals and scaling. The optimality of these methods is compared in terms of their forecasting performance. To this end, several UC‐RV models are presented and then calibrated using the Kalman filter. Validation is based on the standard errors on the parameter estimates and a comparison with other models employed in the literature such as constant volatility and GARCH models. Although we have volatility forecasting for the computation of Value‐at‐Risk in mind the methodology presented has wider applications. This investigation into practical volatility forecasting complements the substantial body of work on realized volatility‐based modelling in business. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.