上市公司股权集中程度与公司治理绩效关系的实证研究

本文以机械、设备和仪表行业的169家上市公司为样本，利用2004—2006年的数据，对第一大股东持股比例、第二至第五大股东持股比例、Z指数与公司治理绩效的关系作实证研究。研究表明，股改前，第一大股东持股比例与公司治理绩效正相关并不显著，且与代理成本显著正相关，第二至第五大股东持股比例与公司治理绩效显著正相关，Z指数与公司治理绩效显著负相关；股改后，第一大股东持股比例与托宾Q值正相关，代理成本显著正相关，第二至第五大股东持股比例与公司治理绩效显著正相关，代理成本显著负相关，Z指数与公司治理绩效显著负相关。     

所有者结构与封闭式基金折价

委托代理理论认为所有者结构将对公司价值存在影响,分别为兴趣趋同效应和大股东侵占效应。这两种效应分别预言:大股东持股比例上升将增加/损害公司价值。在西方和中国股市的实证研究同时发现了这两种效应的存在。同时有理认认为:在美国的封闭式基金之间也存在大股东侵占效应,基金大股东持股越高,封闭式基金折价幅度越高。本文针对中国封闭式基金的理论和实证研究发现:在中国,横截面回归分析结果表明:当封闭式基金大股东持股比例越高,基金折价幅度越大。本文作者进一步指出:这种与美国实证研究类似的结果不是由于大股东侵占引起的,而是由于机构投资者等大股东主动选择的结果:机构投资者倾向于投资于折价幅度比较高的封闭式基金。     

公司规模门槛效应下的董事会独立性与公司价值的关系

对于独立董事比例与公司价值之间的关系,以往的研究得出了完全不同的两种结论,原因是因为公司在确定独立董事比例可能与公司规模等公司的自身因素大小。本研究通过检验发现,公司规模对独立董事比例具有门槛效果,使用门槛回归模型可以更好的解释独立董事比例和公司价值之间的关系,实证研究的结果表明,在不同公司规模门槛区间,独立董事比例和公司价值之间的相关性有所差异.     

境外机构投资者持股周期与公司治理绩效关系的实证研究

选取2003-2015年我国沪深A股上市公司中有境外机构投资者(QFII)持股的公司作为研究样本,将QFII持股周期划分为短期、中期和长期三类,通过理论分析和实证分析研究QFII不同持股周期对上市公司治理绩效的影响,研究结果表明,QFII短期持股时,奉行财务投资理念,通过买卖价差获取投资收益,不会对公司治理绩效产生影响;QFII中期持股时,会对公司治理绩效产生影响,但影响作用较微弱;QFII长期持股时,主要奉行价值投资理念,通过积极参与公司治理影响公司治理绩效,获得高额投资收益。本文的研究结论对我国境内机构投资者和上市公司具有一定的借鉴作用,同时可以为我国引入QFII提供政策建议。     

CEO年龄、公司治理与海外并购——来自我国沪深股市的经验数据(2009~2014)

本研究基于高阶理论、委托代理理论和最优契约理论,运用沪深两市上市公司在2009~2014年的海外并购数据,对CEO年龄以及与CEO紧密相关的公司治理对企业海外并购决策进行了实证研究。实证结果表明:(1)CEO年龄整体上与企业海外并购决策负相关,说明年纪越大的CEO越不倾向于进行海外并购,越年轻的CEO则越倾向于实施海外并购。在年龄组Ⅰ(<=40岁)中,CEO年龄与企业海外并购决策在5%的水平上显著负相关,说明在年龄小于等于40岁的CEO中,也就是处于青年成熟期的CEO越倾向于实施海外并购;处于中年稳健期(年龄组Ⅲ,49~55岁)的CEO,随着管理经营经验的不断累积,年龄越大越倾向于实施海外并购。(2)在公司治理对海外并购决策的影响方面,股权集中度与海外并购决策正相关,股权集中程度越高就越容易进行海外并购;CEO持股比例与海外并购决策负相关,CEO持股比例越高,CEO越不会做出海外并购决策。     

市场化进程与董事会治理对公司绩效的联合影响——基于中国A股市场的经验证据

在市场经济改革和公司治理制度建设的过程中,有关市场化进程和董事会治理对公司绩效联合影响的经验证据相对缺乏.本文以2005-2007年间中国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了市场化进程和董事会治理对公司绩效的联合影响。研究发现,市场化进程与公司绩效显著正相关,董事会独立性、专业委员会设置、董事会会议次数、董事会薪酬、董事会持股比例与公司绩效显著正相关,两职合一与公司绩效显著负相关,董事会规模与公司绩效间的相关关系不显著。在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议。     

基于零膨胀模型的我国银企关系规模影响因素研究

银企关系是学术界和实务界关注的焦点之一,然而,国内学者鲜有探讨银企关系数量的影响因素。本文使用我国A股上市公司2006-2013年的银企关系计数资料,利用零膨胀模型对企业建立银企关系规模的影响因素进行了分析。研究发现:规模大、资产负债率高、获利能力强的公司倾向于建立更多的银企关系;企业的长期负债率、第一大股东持股比例,是否是国有产权属性和企业的经营风险与银企关系的规模(数量)显著负相关;信贷合约的期限和信贷金额与银企关系的数量显著正相关;进一步比较了零膨胀模型与Poisson回归、负二项分布回归模型等计数模型,统计检验显示,零膨胀模型比较适合零值过多和过度离散的数据结构资料。     

股权激励与公司绩效：基于调整成本

文章从调整成本角度出发,运用广义矩估计法重新审视股权激励与公司绩效之间的关系,并寻找调整成本的决定因素．在不考虑调整成本的传统模型下,公司绩效对于股权激励有显著的负向影响,但考虑调整成本后影响不再显著;在决定因素方面,股权激励的调整速度与机构投资者持股比例、高管数量以及市场价格正相关,公司绩效的调整速度与沉没成本正相关而与公司定价能力负相关．     

信息披露质量影响公司风险承担:治理效应抑或声誉效应？

基于信息披露理论和公司治理理论,本文实证检验了信息披露质量对公司风险承担的影响。实证结果发现:较高的信息披露质量有助于提高公司风险承担水平,从而验证了信息披露的“治理效应”。进一步发现,管理层持股激励能够影响上市公司的信息披露行为,并提高公司风险承担水平,说明管理层持股能够加强信息披露质量与公司风险承担之间的正向关系,且这种影响关系在高管理层持股组中更显著。研究结论不仅丰富和拓展了信息披露和公司风险承担的相关研究,而且对管理层激励契约的设计和公司风险认知具有重要的启示作用和现实意义。     

持股策略下随机需求低碳供应链融资决策均衡

随机市场需求且受制造商减排水平影响,考虑碳限额与交易机制,研究制造商进行单纯银行借贷和供应商投资持股的组合融资时的最优决策和利润情况,分析消费者低碳偏好、碳交易价格和供应商的投资持股比例对供应链的最优决策变量和利润的影响。研究发现:无资金约束、单纯银行借贷和组合融资下,消费者低碳偏好、碳交易价格和持股比例与制造商的减排水平和利润以及供应链系统的利润正相关,而供应商的批发价格和制造商的生产量与消费者低碳偏好正相关,与碳交易价格负相关,而持股比例与供应商的批发价格负相关,与制造商的生产量和减排水平正相关;持股策略下制造商的减排水平和生产量最大,无资金约束时次之,单纯银行借贷时最小;而无资金约束时供应商的批发价格最高,单纯银行借贷时次之,持股策略时最低;在持股比例满足一定条件下,供应商和制造商的利润优于单纯银行借贷时的利润,并且可以优于无资金约束时的利润,提高了供应链的竞争力和效率。     

随机波动率与投资中的q理论

本文将随机波动率引入托宾q模型,讨论生产率冲击的波动率大小对公司价值与投资决策的影响.研究发现,公司托宾q值会受到生产率冲击波动率的显著影响,波动率的增大会降低托宾q值,且该影响会随着波动率的增大而加剧.此外,波动率对托宾q值的影响也会传导到公司的投资决策上来,托宾q降低会使得投资额减小,该影响同样会随波动率的增大而加剧.本文还考虑了波动率对公司在用资产与成长机会价值的影响,更为合理地刻画了公司生产过程中生产率冲击的波动率为随机的假设现实情况,所得结论对公司估值及投资决策均有一定的参考价值.     

An optimization approach to resolving circular shareholding in large business groups

Circular shareholding refers to a situation where a series of capital contributions made by companies in a family business group establish a chain of shareholdings. For example, a circular shareholding is formed when company A owns stock in company B, company B owns stock in company C, and company C owns stock in company A. In Korea, the practice of circular shareholding in large family-controlled business groups may give the principal families higher control over member firms and more opportunities to pursue their own interest at the expense of other shareholders. For this reason, the government of Korea has encouraged large conglomerates to gradually eliminate their circular shareholdings. However, there has been no research as to which shareholdings out of the complicated ownership structure should be cleared in order to resolve the issue of circular shareholding. In this paper, we propose optimization models to address the problem. Of the proposed integer programming models that can eliminate circular shareholding, one maximizes the sum of cash-flow rights while another maximizes the sum of voting rights. The proposed models have been applied to Korean family-controlled business groups, and the results are included herein. To the best knowledge of the authors, this research is the first study to apply optimization theory to the problem of resolving circular shareholding.     

Effects of growth volatility on economic performance - Empirical evidence from Turkey

This paper examines the relationship between growth and growth volatility for a small open economy with high growth volatility: Turkey. Quarterly data for the period from 1987Q1 to 2007Q3 suggests that growth volatility reduces growth and that this result is robust under different specifications. This paper contributes to the literature by focusing on how growth volatility affects a set of variables that are crucial for growth. Empirical evidence from Turkey suggests that higher growth volatility reduces total factor productivity, investment, and the foreign currency value of local currency (depreciation). Moreover, it increases employment, though the evidence for this is not statistically significant.     

信息披露制度、公司风险投资(CVC)信息披露与公司价值

信息披露制度对信息披露水平的影响及其经济效果一直是学术研究的热点。在交易所信息披露制度文件基础上,本文构建了可靠的CVC信息披露水平指数。研究发现信息披露制度的出台有效地提高了CVC信息披露水平。利用信息披露制度出台这一准自然实验,采用双重差分法发现CVC信息披露水平的提高增加了上市公司价值,进一步研究发现不确定性和市场竞争程度会对二者关系产生调节作用。该研究结果说明信息披露制度具有积极的政策效用,也为CVC信息披露制度的出台提供了经验证据。     

Organization and efficiency in the international insurance industry: A cross-frontier analysis

This paper employs cross-frontier analysis, an innovative tool based on data envelopment analysis, to provide new insight into the relationship between organization and efficiency in international insurance markets. We are the first to empirically test the expense preference hypothesis and the efficient structure hypothesis in a large cross-country study. For this purpose, we consider 23,807 firm-years for 21 countries from northern America and the European Union—a dataset not previously analyzed in this context. We find evidence for the efficient structure hypothesis in selected market segments, but we find no evidence for the expense preference hypothesis. Our results provide insight into the competitiveness of stock and mutual insurers from different countries. At the country level, the results can be used to compare different insurance markets. Our findings are especially interesting for the strategic management of insurance companies as well as for regulators and boards of national insurance associations.     

Impact of equity and equality on stability and collusion in a decentralized network

We consider a firm that procures a product from a regular supplier whose production is subject to both supply disruption and random yield risks and a backup supplier whose production capacity requires reservation in advance. Under both deterministic and stochastic demand, we study the impact of the two types of supply risks on the firm’s optimal procurement decisions and the importance of correctly identifying the source of supply risks. We find that if the overall supply risk is unchanged but its main source shifts from random yield to supply disruption, the firm should order more from the regular supplier and reserve less capacity from the backup supplier. Ignoring the existence of supply disruption leads to under-utilization of the regular supplier and over-utilization of the backup supplier. Moreover, we examine the option value of the reserved capacity that is affected by the uncertainty of customer demand. We find that the option value increases/decreases in demand uncertainty if the reservation capacity is exercised after/before demand is realized.     

Efficient Coordination by Optimal Allocation of Decision Rights for Participants on Electronic Financial Services Markets

Information technology (IT) is enabling large companies and particularly banking firms to create new forms of organizations. Both globalization of markets and stronger regulation throughout the world puts pressure on banking firms to either spend more money coordinating business activities in the traditional hierarchical ways or to employ new forms of organizations enabled by (lower costs of) IT. When facing uncertain demand in multiple horizontal markets, resource allocation problems occur. Accordingly, the location of decision authority in a multilevel hierarchical organization has profound impact on the performance of the firm. The firm has to design its coordination structure, which determines who makes the resource allocation decisions. Considering the tradeoff between pooling effects in the case of centralized decision-making and better assessment of local markets in the case of decentralized decision-making, the decision problem where to locate decision rights to maximize total profits has to be solved. In this paper we investigate for both independent and dependent demands the total profits for each of the possible coordination mechanisms: centralized decision-making, decentralized decision-making, and intermediate-level decision-making. It turns out that—depending on the crucial parameters of the firm—decentralized decision-making or centralized decision-making may be optimal. But in many relevant cases the optimal location of decision rights is at an intermediate level of the hierarchy. We illustrate the findings by considering the banking firm coordinating equity capital allocation by granting alternative decision rights to their employees as participants on electronic financial markets. Finally we discuss the generality of the approach and its applicability in other areas such as inventory management.     

基于组织与行业可见度的企业慈善捐助水平研究

以汶川地震和玉树地震为背景,通过多元回归模型,探讨了在灾害事件背景下,组织可见度、行业可见度、企业规模和利润水平对企业慈善捐助水平的影响.结果表明,企业规模与企业慈善捐助数量并没有呈现出三阶段特征(正-负-正),而是明显正相关关系;而当控制了企业规模和公司利润水平后,虽然组织可见度对企业慈善捐助水平有明显的积极影响,但经济因素(企业规模)仍然是影响企业慈善捐助水平的最主要因素;此外,企业利润水平对企业慈善捐助水平有着明显的积极影响;最后,行业可见度对企业慈善捐助水平并不存在显著影响.     

Q和Q_B准则在Double设计中的应用

一阶回归模型通常用来从众多因子当中筛选出效应显著的因子,而Q和QB准则能够比较简单地从众多合格的拟合子模型中找出最优设计.因此本文主要探讨了极大模型为一阶回归模型时,初始设计d分别与Double设计d dd-d,完全反转设计d-d,设计dd11-dd22之间的关系,以及它们在Q和QB准则下的最优性关系.     

碳排放约束下政府与企业的stackelberg决策分析

在碳排放约束额不能由政府单独决定的条件下,本文通过Stackelberg博弈模型分析了非集中决策系统中政府与企业对绿色技术的决策行为。对政府而言,在考虑以社会福利为目标的基础上引入了社会对环境的关注度,并分析了该因素对政府决策的影响。对企业而言,分析结果表明企业对绿色技术的选择并不随着约束值单调变化。当考虑技术成本对博弈双方决策的影响,发现企业对绿色技术的选择是由技术成本和产品经济效益对成本的补偿程度决定的。最后,综合考虑博弈双方的决策,本文讨论了政府能否通过适当的约束值来促使企业选择更好的绿色技术,并给出了建议。