非线性贝叶斯动态模型的重要性再抽样(英文)

本文研究了非线性贝叶斯动态模型的随机模拟.在更宽泛的先验分布假设下.利用重要性再抽样的方法,以"样本"代替"分布",实现了对模型的后验推断、预测和模型选择,扩张了贝叶斯动态模型的应用领域.     

基于贝叶斯估计的中国人均GDP之时序模型

本文应用SAS软件对1952-2009年的中国人均GDP建立时间序列模型并对2010-2013年的中国人均GDP进行了预测;在此基础上建立了以时间序列模型得到的参数信息作为先验信息的两种贝叶斯修匀模型与算法。由此所得的参数贝叶斯估计及预测,能充分利用样本信息和参数的先验信息,因而具有更小的方差或平方误差,估计参数更科学。为了检验该方法对先验分布的灵敏性,我们做了基于两种先验分布的模拟预测。将预测结果与传统时间序列预测相比,发现单一正态观测值、方差已知的先验分布的贝叶斯模型得到的预测值更准确,而基于先验分布为指数分布的贝叶斯模型的预测误差较大,预测效果差。     

具有稳定分布噪声的ARMA模型的贝叶斯分析及应用北大核心CSCD

稳定分布是正态分布的推广,能够描述诸如方差无限、厚尾、有偏等非正态特征.但该类分布由于通常没有显式的密度函数,这给建模、分析带来了困难.本文采用数据扩充法、切片抽样法以及MCMC方法,给出了具有稳定分布噪声的ARMA模型更为简洁、有效的贝叶斯建模方法.通过对两个模型的模拟分析,说明了稳定分布的一些统计性质和文中建模方法的有效性.将模型应用于一个实际数据集,演示了该类模型的建模方法并展示了该类模型的一些优势.     

基于贝叶斯时序模型的甘肃省人均GDP预测

本文应用Eviews软件对甘肃省1953-2010年人均GDP数据建立时序模型,利用模型的先验信息给出两种先验分布下的贝叶斯模型与算法,并依次计算出2011-2015年的甘肃省人均GDP的预测值,结果显示,两种贝叶斯模型的拟合效果都优于传统模型。与经典时序模型相比,贝叶斯时间序列模型能充分利用样本信息和参数的先验信息,因而具有更小的平方误差,估计参数更科学。文章最后运用稳健先验的贝叶斯模型对甘肃省"十三五"时期人均GDP进行了预测。     

基于M-H抽样的贝叶斯非对称厚尾GARCH模型研究

针对非对称厚尾GARCH模型参数的预选分布很难确定的问题。对模型参数空间进行数据扩张,把模型中的厚尾残差分布表示成正态分布和逆伽玛分布的混合分布,然后通过对参数的后验条件分布进行变换获得参数的预选分布,从而利用M-H抽样实现了非对称厚尾GARCH模型的贝叶斯分析。中国原油收益率波动的实证研究发现中国原油收益率的波动具有高峰厚尾性但不存在"杠杆效应",样本内的预测评价发现基于M-H抽样的贝叶斯方法优于极大似然方法,说明了M-H抽样方案设计的有效性。     

一阶多项式动态模型及贝叶斯预测

本文描述了贝叶斯预测的基本思想以及动态线性模型.系统地讨论了一阶多项式动态线性模型.它是最简单、应用最广泛的一种模型.它体现了动态线性模型的许多重要的基本概念和分析特性.本文介绍了卡尔曼滤波递推算法,并分别根据已知和未知观测方差详细给出了它们的先验分布,预测分布和后验分布.根据实践中 W_t 不易求出,文中引入了折扣概念.并讨论了一阶多项式折扣贝叶斯模型及其预测.最后还讨论了具有实用价值的主观干预模型及其预测方法.     

贝叶斯分类模型的改进及其应用

利用加权贝叶斯分类模型对北京科技大学本科生英语四级考试通过率进行预测.通过对误判数据的分析,调整贝叶斯分类器的判别条件,改进了加权贝叶斯分类模型.实验表明,改进后的模型大大提高了预测结果的准确性.此外,还引入了学生"潜力因子"的概念,为教学与学习提供了个性化的提示和有针对性的建议.     

基于分层贝叶斯时空Poisson模型的流行病建模研究

流行病的广泛传播对经济发展以及日常生活造成了巨大的冲击.因此,收集流行病相关数据并分析其发病率或感染强度的时空规律对制定相应的控制策略,经济恢复政策等方面至关重要.文章讨论了基于分层贝叶斯时空Poisson模型的流行病建模方法,具体包括数据模型,过程模型以及参数模型的不同设定,参数先验分布的讨论,模型选择等.基于这种思...     

城市道路交通流运行状态评价应用研究

针对当前城市路段交通流状态评价方法以及交通拥堵态势预测效果不佳的问题,对2018年"深圳杯"数学建模挑战赛D题解决方案中定义的路段消散指数进行改进,在城市路网中将其作为统一描述交通流状态的指标,自适应计算消散指数阈值评价交通流运行状态.并以路段为单位,基于动态贝叶斯网络预测路段的短时交通流状态,采用时空耗散BP神经网络模型对短时车流量进行预测.本文是2018年"深圳杯"数学建模挑战赛D题的后续研究成果,在实验城市贵阳市的中环路进行成果应用,对中环路的交通流运行状态进行评价监测.     

基于非参数贝叶斯方法的随机波动建模与应用

本文利用非参数贝叶斯方法进行随机波动建模。通常的参数随机波动模型适用于证券市场中的综合指数数据,而对个股数据和小范围指数数据的拟合效果较差,主要原因是其收益率数据的变化规律更为复杂、具有更厚的尾部行为,而非参数贝叶斯方法的随机波动模型无需进行分布假设,具有很强的灵活性。本文利用SV-DPM模型对IBM的股票价格数据和上证50指数数据进行建模,研究发现非参数随机波动模型能拟合参数随机波动模型难以扑捉到的数据特征,实证表明有充分的依据支持非参数贝叶斯随机波动模型。论文的研究有助于捕捉金融资产的时变波动性质,能更好的揭示金融市场的运行规律,为期权定价和金融风险管理提供依据,对于防范与控制金融风险有着重要意义。     

Bayesian forecasting with the Holt–Winters model

Exponential smoothing methods are widely used as forecasting techniques in inventory systems and business planning, where reliable prediction intervals are also required for a large number of series. This paper describes a Bayesian forecasting approach based on the Holt–Winters model, which allows obtaining accurate prediction intervals. We show how to build them incorporating the uncertainty due to the smoothing unknowns using a linear heteroscedastic model. That linear formulation simplifies obtaining the posterior distribution on the unknowns; a random sample from such posterior, which is not analytical, is provided using an acceptance sampling procedure and a Monte Carlo approach gives the predictive distributions. On the basis of this scheme, point-wise forecasts and prediction intervals are obtained. The accuracy of the proposed Bayesian forecasting approach for building prediction intervals is tested using the 3003 time series from the M3-competition.     

Forecasting seasonal time series data: a Bayesian model averaging approach

A flexible Bayesian periodic autoregressive model is used for the prediction of quarterly and monthly time series data. As the unknown autoregressive lag order, the occurrence of structural breaks and their respective break dates are common sources of uncertainty these are treated as random quantities within the Bayesian framework. Since no analytical expressions for the corresponding marginal posterior predictive distributions exist a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach based on data augmentation is proposed. Its performance is demonstrated in Monte Carlo experiments. Instead of resorting to a model selection approach by choosing a particular candidate model for prediction, a forecasting approach based on Bayesian model averaging is used in order to account for model uncertainty and to improve forecasting accuracy. For model diagnosis a Bayesian sign test is introduced to compare the predictive accuracy of different forecasting models in terms of statistical significance. In an empirical application, using monthly unemployment rates of Germany, the performance of the model averaging prediction approach is compared to those of model selected Bayesian and classical (non)periodic time series models.     

Experimental study of a Bayesian method for daily electricity load forecasting

The method of Bayesian model discrimination is investigated for the possible contributions it may provide in the area of automatically forecasting the daily electricity demand cycle. A set of differing demand models have probabilities attached to them in such a way that these would be continuously updated with the available data and the actual forecasts obtained as expectations across all the models. Simulation experiments indicate significantly improved forecasting performance over a commonly used rescaling type of approach. Some practical issues in implementation are discussed.     

A Bayesian Approach to the Linear Combination of Forecasts

Bayesian methodology is suggested as a valid approach to the combination of forecasts and a simple subjectivist procedure is presented. It is shown how subjective probabilities can be meaningfully assigned over a set of forecasting models and updated, according to a Bayesian process, when the forecast realizations become known.     

Peak demand forecasting for a seasonal product using Bayesian approach

An actual demand-forecasting problem of the US apparel dealers is studied. Demand is highly fluctuating during the peak sale season and low prior to the peak season. The model is described by the continuous time stochastic process applying the Bayesian process. The standard gamma distribution is selected for the demand process and an inverse gamma distribution is chosen as the conjugate prior for the model. The choice is supported by the maximum likelihood estimate among a number of non-negative distribution models. The proposed Bayesian models predict the probability of the future demand expressed explicitly conditional on the observed demand prior to the peak season. The data set illustrates partial demand of a seasonal product procured by the US dealers from overseas. In recent years, hazard and operational risks due to weather disasters and equipment shutdowns were felt significantly. These caused supply chain disruption and unrecorded demand. The model is extended to contribute to forecast from an unrecorded data set due to supply disruption. Forecasts are compared with real data and a widely implemented adaptive Holt-Winters (H-W) seasonal forecasting model. Results show that the forecasts calculated by the proposed methods do better than those of the adaptive H-W model.     

动态指数分布模型及Bayes预测

本文给出了观测值服从指数分布的动态指数分布模型，并在自然参数与状态参数之间满足线性关系ω_t=F'_tθ_t的假设下，利用共轭分布给出了动态指数分布模型多数的修正递推及其预测．     

Bayesian Influence Assessment in the Growth Curve Model with Unstructured Covariance

From a Bayesian point of view, in this paper we discuss the influence of a subset of observations on the posterior distributions of parameters in a growth curve model with unstructured covariance. The measure used to assess the influence is based on a Bayesian entropy, namely Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD). Several new properties of the Bayesian entropy are studied, and analytically closed forms of the KLD measurement both for the matrix-variate normal distribution and the Wishart distribution are established. In the growth curve model, the KLD measurements for all combinations of the parameters are also studied. For illustration, a practical data set is analyzed using the proposed approach, which shows that the diagnostics measurements are useful in practice.     

A COMPOUND POISSON MODEL FOR LEARNING DISCRETE BAYESIAN NETWORKS

We introduce here the concept of Bayesian networks, in compound Poisson model, which provides a graphical modeling framework that encodes the joint probability distribution for a set of random variables within a directed acyclic graph. We suggest an approach proposal which offers a new mixed implicit estimator. We show that the implicit approach applied in compound Poisson model is very attractive for its ability to understand data and does not require any prior information. A comparative study between learned estimates given by implicit and by standard Bayesian approaches is established. Under some conditions and based on minimal squared error calculations, we show that the mixed implicit estimator is better than the standard Bayesian and the maximum likelihood estimators. We illustrate our approach by considering a simulation study in the context of mobile communication networks.     

A Bayesian approach for analyzing case 2 interval-censored data under the semiparametric proportional odds model

Analyzing interval-censored data is difficult due to its complex data structure containing left-, interval-, and right-censored observations. An easy-to-implement Bayesian approach is proposed under the proportional odds (PO) model for analyzing such data. The nondecreasing baseline log odds function is modeled with a linear combination of monotone splines. Two efficient Gibbs samplers are developed based on two different data augmentations using the relationship between the PO model and the logistic distribution. In the first data augmentation, the logistic distribution is achieved by the scaled normal mixture with the scale parameter related to the Kolmogorov-Smirnove distribution. In the second data augmentation, the logistic distribution is approximated by a Student’s t distribution up to a scale constant. The proposed methods are evaluated by simulation studies and illustrated with an application of an HIV data set.