侧向加热腔体中的多圈型对流斑图

基于流体力学方程组的数值模拟,研究了倾角θ=90°时侧向加热的大高宽比腔体中的对流斑图.对于Prandtl数Pr=6.99的流体,在相对Rayleigh数2≤Ra r≤25的范围内,腔体中发生的是单圈型对流斑图.对于Pr=0.0272的流体,取Ra r=13.9,随着计算时间的发展,腔体中由最初的单圈型对流斑图过渡到多圈型对流斑图,这是出现在侧向加热大高宽比腔体中的新型对流斑图.对不同Ra r情况的计算结果表明,Ra r对对流斑图的形成存在明显的影响.当Ra r≤4.4时是单圈型对流滚动;当Ra r=8.9~11.1时是过渡状态;当Ra r≥13.9时是多圈型对流滚动.对流最大振幅和Nusselt数Nu随着相对Rayleigh数的增加而增加.该对流斑图与Pr=6.99时对流斑图的比较说明,对流斑图的形成依赖于Prandtl数.     

一种新的混合流体对流竖向镜面对称对传波斑图

利用SIMPLE算法对混合流体对流的流体力学基本方程组进行了数值模拟,在混合流体分离比ψ=－0.6和矩形腔体长高比Γ=20的情况下,首次发现了一种新的竖向镜面对称对传波斑图,并初步探讨了它的动力学特性.竖向镜面对称对传波斑图的中心为驻波,随着时间的发展驻波的波长伸长.当波长增加到某个临界值时,一个滚动分裂成两个滚动,在这两个滚动之间产生一个具有180°相位差的新滚动.位于中心线上的滚动只有相位的突变及其波长的压缩或者伸长,没有对流滚动的移动,在它的两侧是向左右传播的对流滚动.驻波两次相位突变形成一个周期,驻波周期随着相对Rayleigh(瑞利)数Ra_r的增加而增加.这种对流结构存在于相对Rayleigh数Ra_r∈(3.6,4.3]的范围.当相对Rayleigh数Ra_r≤3.6时,系统出现具有缺陷的行波斑图;当Ra_r>4.3时系统过渡到行波斑图.说明竖向镜面对称对传波斑图是存在于具有缺陷的行波斑图和行波斑图之间的一种稳定的对流斑图.     

水平来流对扰动成长和对流周期性的影响

对Pr=0.0272的纯流体在矩形腔体外加水平来流时,进行二维流体力学基本方程组的数值模拟.研究了该纯流体Rayleigh-Benard对流的一维行波斑图的成长及时空的演化.发现对流成长过程可以划分为3个阶段,即对流发展、对流指数成长和周期变化。在对流指数成长阶段对不同相对Rayleigh(瑞利)数Ra_r的最大垂直流速场随时间变化的情况进行分析,获得了最大垂直流速场指数成长阶段的线性成长率γ_m和相对Rayleigh数Ra_r的关系公式.研究了行波周期受水平来流Reynolds(雷诺)数的影响,揭示了行波对流周期性及其对水平来流Reynolds数的依赖性.     

基于Monte-Carlo随机有限元方法的随机边界条件下自然对流换热不确定性研究

为分析边界条件不确定性对方腔内自然对流换热的影响,发展了一种求解随机边界条件下自然对流换热不确定性传播的Monte-Carlo随机有限元方法.通过对输入参数场随机边界条件进行Karhunen-Loeve展开及基于Latin(拉丁)抽样法生成边界条件随机样本,数值计算了不同边界条件随机样本下方腔内自然对流换热流场与温度场,并用采样统计方法计算了随机输出场的平均值与标准偏差.根据计算框架编写了求解随机边界条件下方腔内自然对流换热不确定性的MATLAB随机有限元程序,分析了随机边界条件相关长度与方差对自然对流不确定性的影响.结果表明:平均温度场及流场与确定性温度场及流场分布基本相同;随机边界条件下Nu数概率分布基本呈现正态分布,平均Nu数随着相关长度和方差增加而增大;方差对自然对流换热的影响强于相关长度的影响.     

侧向局部加热对流的周期性

通过流体力学方程组的数值模拟,研究了侧向局部加热条件下Prandtl数Pr=0.0272时流体对流的周期性.结果表明:随着Grashof数Gr的增加,对流按稳态对流、单局部周期对流、双局部周期对流、准周期对流的顺序发展.当Gr<3.6×103时,对流为稳态;在3.6×103相似文献   

具有水平流动的对流斑图成长和动力学特性

采用二维流体力学基本方程组对Prandtl数Pr=0.72具有水平流动的对流斑图成长和动力学特性进行了数值模拟.结果说明,对于给定的相对Rayleigh数Ra_r=5(Rayleigh数Ra=8 540)和Reynolds数Re=22.5,行波对流斑图的成长分为三个阶段,即对流发展阶段、指数成长阶段、周期变化阶段(过渡调整区、稳定周期变化区).行波对流的平均波数随着时间的发展或者对流斑图的成长而减小.随着相对Rayleigh数的增加,行波对流的指数成长阶段的时间变短,对流最大垂直流速的成长率变大.对于水平流动Re=5时,对流最大垂直流速的成长率γ_m与Ra_r的关系为γ_m=0.004 8Ra~(6.065 3)_r.在周期变化阶段,经过行波对流斑图和对流参数的过渡调整区后,对流进入斑图和对流参数的稳定周期变化区.对于给定的Ra_r=5时,行波对流的无量纲周期T_t随着Re变化的关系式为T_t=0.001 4Re~(2.363 5).     

给定最大度的单圈偶图的谱半径

单圈偶图是边数等于顶点数的简单连通偶图.Δ（G）表示图G的最大度.文中给出了最大度为Δ(≥ⁿ⁺¹/2)的n阶单圈偶图的谱半径的上界,并刻画了达到该上界的图.文中还证明了当Δ（G）≥[（2n+1）/3]+1时,n（≥8）阶单圈偶图G的谱半径随着最大度的递增而严格递增,并在此基础上给出了谱半径排在前17位的n（≥16）阶单圈偶图.     

多孔介质复合方腔双扩散混合对流LBM模拟

基于CLBGK模型,通过引入浓度分布函数,利用格子Boltzmann方法对顶盖驱动的复合方腔内的双扩散混合对流现象进行了研究,复合方腔由多孔介质区域和纯流体空间组成.在Richardson(理查德森)数Ri=1.0,Lewis(路易斯)数Le=2.0,Grashof(格拉晓夫)数Gr=104和Prandtl(普朗特)数Pr=0.7时,分析了孔隙尺度下多孔介质层不同位置及浮升力比（-5.0≤N≤5.0）对复合方腔双扩散混合对流的影响.给出了浮升力比N及多孔介质层位置影响下的高温高浓度壁面上的平均Nusselt(努赛尔)数Nu_av、平均Sherwood(舍伍德)数Sh_av及当地Nusselt数Nu_local和Sherwood数Sh_local的分布规律.     

一类具有非线性发生率的时滞传染病模型的全局稳定性

充分考虑人口统计效应、疾病的潜伏期与传播规律的复杂性,研究了一类具有非线性发生率的时滞SIRS传染病模型的动力学行为.通过分析对应的线性化近似系统的特征方程,证明了无病平衡点的局部稳定性.利用Lyapunov-LaSalle不变集原理,当基本再生数R₀<1时,证明了无病平衡点是全局渐近稳定的;当R₀>1时,得到了地方病平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件.所得结论可为人们有效预防和控制传染病传播提供一定的理论依据.     

关于Neyman-Pearson基本引理的几个注记

本文探讨了Neyman-Pearson基本引理.通过论证总体参数θ只有θ₀或θ₁两种可能时最优检验功效函数的唯一性,得到了两种假设T₁:θ=θ₀←→θ=θ₁和T₂:θ=θ₁←→θ=θ₀各自对应最优检验的两类错误概率可以互换的结论.     

Stationary statistical properties of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection at large Prandtl number

This is the third in a series of our study of Rayleigh‐Bénard convection at large Prandtl number. Here we investigate whether stationary statistical properties of the Boussinesq system for Rayleigh‐Bénard convection at large Prandtl number are related to those of the infinite Prandtl number model for convection that is formally derived from the Boussinesq system via setting the Prandtl number to infinity. We study asymptotic behavior of stationary statistical solutions, or invariant measures, to the Boussinesq system for Rayleigh‐Bénard convection at large Prandtl number. In particular, we show that the invariant measures of the Boussinesq system for Rayleigh‐Bénard convection converge to those of the infinite Prandtl number model for convection as the Prandtl number approaches infinity. We also show that the Nusselt number for the Boussinesq system (a specific statistical property of the system) is asymptotically bounded by the Nusselt number of the infinite Prandtl number model for convection at large Prandtl number. We discover that the Nusselt numbers are saturated by ergodic invariant measures. Moreover, we derive a new upper bound on the Nusselt number for the Boussinesq system at large Prandtl number of the form which asymptotically agrees with the (optimal) upper bound on Nusselt number for the infinite Prandtl number model for convection. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A non-standard finite difference scheme for convection in a porous cavity

In this paper, a non-standard finite difference scheme is proposed for solving a steady finite Rayleigh number convection in a porous cavity with an inclined magnetic field and non-uniform internal heating. Numerical results are compared with the classical finite difference scheme.     

Enhanced and reduced natural convection using magnetic fluid in a square cavity

Natural convection using a magnetic fluid was studied in a square cavity under the influence of a permanent magnet. The aim was to explore the degree by which heat transfer may be controlled, enhanced or reduced, by investigating a set of different distances of a permanent magnet to the cavity. These distances of the magnet were set such that the cavity was in some cases fully dominated by buoyancy or by the magnetic body force and in other cases partly dominated by either of both body forces in different parts of the fluid. The effect on heat transfer was characterised by an averaged Nusselt number, Rayleigh and magnetic Rayleigh number. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Inhibition or enhancement of chaotic convection via inclined magnetic field

In this paper, we investigate the onset of convection in a horizontal layer of fluid which is heated from the underside. An inclined magnetic field is applied to the layer. The Galerkin truncated approximations were used to obtain a Lorenz-like model. The nonlinear system was solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The results show that the Hartmann number and the angle of inclination of the magnetic field could inhibit or enhance the onset of chaotic convection.     

A numerical study of boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible fluid past an inclined stretching sheet and heat transfer using nonpolynomial spline method

In the present paper, we study the boundary layer flow of viscous incompressible fluid over an inclined stretching sheet with body force and heat transfer. Considering the stream function, we convert the boundary layer equation into nonlinear third-order ordinary differential equation together with appropriate boundary conditions in an infinite domain. The nonlinear boundary value problem has been linearized by using the quasilinearization technique. Then, we develop a nonpolynomial spline method, which is used to solve the flow problem. The convergence analysis of the method is also discussed. We study the velocity function for different angles of inclination and Froude number with the help of various graphs and tables. Then using these in heat convection flow, we obtain the expression for temperature field. Skin friction is also calculated. The various results have been given in tables. At last, we calculated the Nusselt number.     

Horizontal convection: Effect of aspect ratio on Rayleigh number scaling and stability

Horizontal convection in a rectangular enclosure driven by a linear temperature profile along the bottom boundary is investigated numerically using a spectral-element discretization for velocity and temperature fields. A Boussinesq approximation is employed to model buoyancy. The emphasis of this study is on the scaling of mean Nusselt number and boundary layer quantities with aspect ratio and Rayleigh number.     

Effect of rotation on the onset of double diffusive convection in a Darcy porous medium saturated with a couple stress fluid

The effect of rotation on the onset of double diffusive convection in a horizontal couple stress fluid-saturated porous layer, which is heated and salted from below, is studied analytically using both linear and weak nonlinear stability analyses. The extended Darcy model, which includes the time derivative and Coriolis terms, has been employed in the momentum equation. The onset criterion for stationary, oscillatory and finite amplitude convection is derived analytically. The effect of Taylor number, couple stress parameter, solute Rayleigh number, Lewis number, Darcy–Prandtl number, and normalized porosity on the stationary, oscillatory, and finite amplitude convection is shown graphically. It is found that the rotation, couple stress parameter and solute Rayleigh number have stabilizing effect on the stationary, oscillatory, and finite amplitude convection. The Lewis number has a stabilizing effect in the case of stationary and finite amplitude modes, with a destabilizing effect in the case of oscillatory convection. The Darcy–Prandtl number and normalized porosity advances the onset of oscillatory convection. A weak nonlinear theory based on the truncated representation of Fourier series method is used to find the finite amplitude Rayleigh number and heat and mass transfer. The transient behavior of the Nusselt number and Sherwood number is investigated by solving the finite amplitude equations using Runge–Kutta method.