数字

中日紧张关系影响两国双边贸易 据彭博社报道,中日爆发2005年以来最严重外交危机,这正威胁到两国的经贸关系,过去十年来,中日贸易额翻了三番,至3400余亿美元。     

金融危机下中美两国利率互换市场的特征及互动性分析

以2008～2009年中美两国利率互换市场的日交易数据为样本,分析比较了影响两国利率互换利差的主要因素,进而实证研究了危机期间中美两国利率互换市场的动态互动效应。结果表明:两国利率的水平和利率期限结构斜率是影响互换利差的主要因素,另外,中国的流动性溢价和美国的违约溢价对互换利差的影响也较为显著;研究发现:中美两国互换利差均受对方市场因素的影响,特别地,在金融危机期间,中美两国利率互换市场间存在着明显的互动效应,一方面,美国利率互换市场信息能够对中国利率互换市场产生较强的冲击,虽然冲击的程度受制于美国的经济状况;另一方面,中国市场对美国市场也形成了一定的反向冲击,且程度受制于中国的货币政策。     

个人-组织契合对高校教师敬业度的影响:组织认同的中介作用

为探讨个人-组织契合对高校教师敬业度的影响,以及组织认同在影响过程中的中介作用.采用问卷调查法,以天津、河北、辽宁、河南4省市的660名高校教师为研究对象,运用结构方程建模技术分析个人-组织契合、组织认同与敬业度的关系.研究结果表明:价值观契合、需求与供给契合、要求与能力契合均对高校教师敬业度有显著的正向影响,组织认同在价值观契合以及需求与供给契合对高校教师敬业度的作用路径中均起部分中介作用,而在要求与能力契合对高校教师敬业度的作用路径中起完全中介作用.     

贸易战前后中美股市联动性研究

选取标普500指数和上证综指为研究变量,运用ECM模型研究贸易战前后中美两国股市的联动性.将标普500指数和上证综指的历史交易数据分为2个时间段,2018年3月23日(该日特朗普签署总统备忘录,标志中美贸易战正式打响)为分界点.时段1为2017年1月3日-2018年3月22日,该时间段内,中美还没有开始打贸易战;时段2为2018年3月23日-2019年6月7日,为中美贸易战开打后的时间段.分段研究中美贸易战开打之前和开打之后中美两国股市的联动性,研究发现:1)无论贸易战打响之前还是打响之后,我国股票市场都受到美国股票市场的影响,而反过来,中国股票市场的走向几乎不会对美国股市造成影响;2)中美贸易战开打之前,中美股市联动性较强,中国股市走向很大程度上依赖于美国股市行情;而贸易战开打之后,中美两国股市联动性降低,我国股市对美国股市的依赖性减弱.     

消息数则

I 中国数学会主席华罗庚致日本数学会会长福原满洲雄函敬爱的日本数学会会长福原满洲雄先生: 就本会理事、中国科学院数学研究所研究员、上海复旦大学数学系苏步青教授到贵国访问之便,我以中国数学会全体会员名义通过您们贵国数学界同道者致诚挚的问候。几年来,中日两国数学界已有多次联系。在每次向您们写信时,我们都联想到历史上中日两国数学发展交互作用的史实。很自然地,不同国家里数学界同道者,由于这一科学里工作的关系,有一种特殊的互相关怀。我们常从与您们的通信中一再体会这一     

基于多任务委托—代理理论的高校教师激励机制研究

对高校教师的激励是高等教育中一个非常重要的环节,对高校教师合理的激励机制设计是提高高等教育水平的制度保证.从教师激励工作中高校管理者作为委托人与高校教师作为代理人二者信息不对称的角度出发,运用博弈论与委托代理理论,将高校教师工作进行教学努力和科研努力的划分,运用多任务委托代理理论对教师激励机制进行研究,建立模型进行分析,并结合西安科技大学现实提出合理化建议,以求达到既提高教学质量又提高科研产出水平的目的.     

一个关于跨界污染控制的清洁技术创新微分博弈模型

把清洁技术水平视为内生变量,构建了一个跨界污染的两国关于清洁技术创新微分博弈模型。在该模型中,参与国可以通过清洁技术投资或者等待对方创新投资的溢出来提高清洁技术水平,且两国均有两个可以选择的战略,即合作战略和非合作战略。研究的结果显示,技术外溢强度对参与国的技术投资和技术水平均有负向影响,相比不合作,跨界污染控制合作使各国以更低的代价获得更清洁的技术和更高的社会福利。     

漫画趣题

第一题A、B两国互通贸易,货币也相互通用,也就是说A国的100元等于B国的100元.但是有一次两国发生矛盾,A国的国王下令:B国的100元只能兑换A国的90元;B国的国王也下令:A国的100元只能兑换B国的90元.一个聪明人虽然手中只有A国的钞票100元,却乘机大捞一把. 请问,此人是怎样发财的?     

基于相对熵赋权和灰色理论的高校教师创新能力综合评价

提高高校教师的创新能力,对于践行科学发展观、增强高校市场竞争力,乃至推动国民经济的进步都具有重要意义.以高校教师创新能力综合评价为出发点,通过构建高校教师创新能力评价指标体系,建立基于层次分析法和灰色关联分析法的多指标综合评估模型,并通过案例介绍了模型的具体应用.     

中美两国公司债信用利差动态过程比较研究

选取中美两国2011年1月至2017年4月的公司债和国债月度交易数据,基于SV模型得到两国公司债的信用利差序列,进而对中美两国公司债的信用利差进行时间序列比较分析.实证发现,中国公司债信用利差序列表现出自回归和移动平均特征,而美国公司债信用利差序列则仅呈现自回归特征;在方差结构方面,中国公司债信用利差序列的残差不具有ARCH效应,而美国公司债信用利差序列的残差具有明显的ARCH效应.同时,对中美两国公司债信用利差建立VAR模型并进行脉冲响应分析,发现中美两国信用利差序列的相关性不强,对彼此的冲击的反应均较弱,为债券市场投资者构建跨国市场债券组合来分散信用风险提供决策支持.     

What Is STEM? A Discussion About Conceptions of STEM in Education and Partnerships

Educational reformation has proceeded slowly despite the many calls to improve science and mathematics for our students. The acronym STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) has been adopted by numerous programs as an important focus for renewed global competitiveness for the United States, but conceptions of what STEM entails often vary among stakeholders. This paper examines the conceptions of STEM held by faculty members from a public Research I institution in the middle of a regional “STEM movement.” Faculty members responded to two open‐ended questions: (1) What is STEM? and (2) How does STEM influence and/or impact your life? Although 72% of these faculty members possessed a relevant conception of STEM, the results suggest that they do not share a common conceptualization of STEM. Their conception is most likely based on their academic discipline or how STEM impacts their daily lives. STEM faculty members were likely to have a neutral or positive conception where non‐STEM faculty members often had negative feelings about STEM.     

Buildings and budgets: the overinvestment crisis

Over the last ten years, American colleges and universities have spent over $400 billion on their physical plants despite the fact that student enrollments have continued to decline. The increase in maintenance and energy costs has caused a financial strain, forcing cutbacks in vital ingredients of education: research, course offerings, student financial aid, faculty and staff support. The author draws a comparison between higher education and the health care industry and suggests that costs can be reduced by avoiding duplication of facilities and developing modes of interinstitutional cooperation. An increase in institutional efficiency will reduce the reliance of the higher education community on public subsidies for operations. This approach is seen to be particularly important during an era when every qualified student is expected to have the opportunity to obtain a university education without undue financial strain.     

Promoting Participation in the Health Science Professions: Summer Programs for Talented,Underrepresented Students in Science

Across the nation, there remains a critical shortage of health professionals and of students choosing to pursue health-related careers. This problem is particularly pervasive in the state of Oklahoma. In response to this need, faculty, administrators, and health professionals on two campuses of the University of Oklahoma have, collaborated over the past 9 years to develop and deliver summer academy programs in the health sciences professions for talented students and primarily for students who are underrepresented in science. These summer academy programs feature classroom and hands-on clinical practicum experiences to introduce students to the rigors of academic preparation required for the health profession careers and the opportunity to be involved in direct patient care and laboratory research experiences. The academies have the goal of ensuring that bright, talented young students are aware of career options in health care delivery, health care education, and health care research arenas. A secondary objective is to spark student interest in pursuing higher education in the health sciences and in pursuing health-related careers. The academy goals complement the state and national ongoing efforts to attract top scholars and meet health work force needs.     

基于SPA的同异反分析在蒙古族高血压与吸烟关系中的应用

利用集对分析理论中的同异反分析技术,分析一个随机抽取的蒙古族样本人群以研究蒙古族人高血压与吸烟的关系,结果发现长期和过量吸烟不利于血压正常,但短期和少量吸烟与血压关系不明晰的结论,说明吸烟有害健康有一个量变到质变的过程,平时吸烟对健康的危害具有潜伏性和累积性,平时要学会拒绝吸烟.     

Examining undergraduate student retention in mathematics using network analysis and relative risk

Higher education faces challenges in retaining students who require a command of numeracy in their chosen field of study. This study applies an innovative combination of relative risk and social network analysis to enrolment data of a single cohort of commencing students from an Australian regional university. Relative risk, often used in epidemiology studies, is used to strategically investigate whether first year mathematics subjects at the university demonstrated a higher risk of attrition when compared to other subjects offered in the first year of study. The network analysis is used to illustrate the connections of those mathematics subjects, identifying service subjects through their multiple connections. The analysis revealed that attrition rates for eight of the nine subjects were within acceptable limits, and this included identified service subjects. The exception highlighted the issue of mathematics competencies in this cohort. This combined analytical technique is proposed as appropriate for use when investigating attrition and retention at faculty and institutional levels, including the determination of levels of intervention and support for any subject.     

A general parametric analysis approach and its implication to sensitivity analysis in interior point methods

Adler and Monteiro (1992) developed a parametric analysis approach that is naturally related to the geometry of the linear program. This approach is based on the availability of primal and dual optimal solutions satisfying strong complementarity. In this paper, we develop an alternative geometric approach for parametric analysis which does not require the strong complementarity condition. This parametric analysis approach is used to develop range and marginal analysis techniques which are suitable for interior point methods. Two approaches are developed, namely the LU factorization approach and the affine scaling approach. Presented at the ORSA/TIMS, Nashville, TN, USA, May 1991. Supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DDM-9109404 and Grant No. DMI-9496178. This work was done while the author was a faculty member of the Systems and Industrial Engineering Department at The University of Arizona. Supported in part by the GTE Laboratories and the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CCR-9019469.     

Mathematical Readiness of Entering College Freshmen: An Exploration of Perceptions of Mathematics Faculty

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has set ambitious goals for the teaching and learning of mathematics that include preparing students for both the workplace and higher education. While this suggests that it is important for students to develop strong mathematical competencies by the end of high school, there is evidence to indicate that overall this is not the case. Both national and international studies corroborate the concern that, on the whole, US 12th grade students do not demonstrate mathematical proficiency, suggesting that students making the transition from high school to college mathematics may not be ready for its rigors. In order to investigate mathematical readiness of entering college students, this study surveyed mathematics faculty. Specifically, faculty members were asked their perceptions of average entering students' readiness related to relevant mathematical skills and concepts, and the importance of the same skills and concepts as foundations for college mathematics. Results demonstrated that the faculty perceived that average freshman students are generally not mathematically prepared; further, the skills and concepts rated as highly important — namely, algebraic skills and reasoning and generalization — were among those rated the lowest in terms of student competencies.     

非连续变形分析的MLS后处理方法

非连续变形分析(discontinuous deformatrion analysis, DDA)通过引入虚拟节理网格将块体离散成子块体系统进行断裂扩展数值模拟.针对这种方法难以获得精确块体应力分布的问题, 提出一种基于无网格法移动最小二乘(moving least squares, MLS)插值的应力恢复算法.利用DDA计算得到的节点位移, 通过恰当构造MLS形函数及其导数, 推导了块体任意点应力的计算公式.数值算例将基于MLS后处理的结果与解析解及平均值法后处理结果进行比较, 验证了所提出方法的精确性和有效性.     

Examination-Type Preferences of College Science Students and Their Faculty in Israel and USA: A Comparative Study

The science-examination preferences of college science students and their science faculty were surveyed, using the TOPE questionnaire at a teacher training and a community college in Israel and the U.S., respectively. The results obtained in the two countries were “intrally” and “interly” compared, in total and by gender, in terms of significant/no significant differences in the preferences made and the reasons provided by the students and faculty for their ranking. The findings suggest that: (a) college science students prefer mostly, the Israelis more so than the Americans, the nonconventional, written exams in which time is unlimited and any materials are allowed; (b) American college science students prefer the traditional class science examination (G) significantly more than their Israeli counterparts; (c) the preference of higher order cognitive skills (HOCS)-oriented exams (B. I and H) is significantly higher for female science students in Israel compared with no gender difference concerning the preferred examinations in the US, and rejection of oral examinations by all in both countries, significantly more by female students; and (d) there exists a significant gap between the preferred type of examinations of science students and their faculty in both countries. In view of the HOCS-orientation and the goal of conceptual understanding in current reforms of science education worldwide, the consonance between these curriculum objectives and examination practices is advocated. This, in turn, requires that provisions be made to lessen the gap between science teachers and their students' examination type preferences for better science learning to occur.     

Teaching Science in Higher Education: Faculty Professional Development and Barriers to Change

The focus of this research was to better understand the change processes necessary for university science teaching reform to be successful. The professional development processes involved faculty cognitive perceptions of learning, teaching skills, and pedagogical knowledge, as well as faculty culture in teaching science courses. A series of faculty development programs were conducted at nine U.S. locations to explore, develop strategies, and implement changes in science classrooms. A review of research and these professional development experiences provided a base to carry out research activities related to understanding change in science faculty. Faculty participants in the program from 30 institutions were selected to be involved in the study. Ethnographic and case study approaches were used to collect and analyze data. Many faculty members encountered in this study had conceptions of the change process that inhibited successful action. These research efforts provide a predictive model for assisting faculty change and help determine which faculty professional development efforts may be successful in overcoming barriers to change in undergraduate science classrooms.