基于产品生命周期的闭环供应链定价和协调策略研究

研究产品生命周期条件下一个制造商、一个零售商组成的闭环供应链的定价和协调策略:制造商第一周期只生产新品,从第二周期开始生产再制造品,并负责回收。建立了两周期、多周期和无限周期下的分散决策模型和多周期下的集中决策模型,得到最优定价和生产策略。结果表明:两周期中,制造商和零售商应根据不同的成本节约额制定不同的批发价、零售价和生产量。多周期中,当成本节约额比较小时,除第一和最后一个周期外,制造商和零售商应采取相同的定价和生产策略;当成本节约额比较大时,除第一和最后两个周期外,制造商和零售商应采取相同的定价和生产策略。无限周期中,除第一周期以外,制造商和零售商都应该采取相同的定价和生产策略。在有限周期情况下,制造商和零售商应通过在前期制定比较低的批发价和零售价,以提高生产量和销售量,使得后期的回收量增大,达到降低成本的目的。通过引入收益共享契约制定合适的批发价和销售收入及再制造收益共享比率可以协调整个闭环供应链。算例验证了上述结论。     

浅谈数学符号

一、关于数学符号 文字是记录和传递信息的符号。数学符号则是数学中特殊的“文字”。有关数学中的运算和推理,无不通过符号来进行。尽管说数学符号是无声的音符,它却能表达概念和思维。数学符号的地位和作用,就像不识字不能读文章和写文章一样。不懂数学符号就无法学习和研究数学。     

模糊事件的熵和信号量

本文定义了结局为模糊事件的随机试验的熵和信息量,将Shannon熵和信息推广到Fuzzy情形。讨论了模糊事件的熵和信息的基本性质。发现结局为模糊事件的随机试验的熵可分解为随机熵和模糊熵之和。找到了Shannon熵和Do Luca熵之间的联系。     

Peetre K—泛函和Riesz可和算子

引进了Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ－Ｌｅｇｅｎｄｒｅ展开的广义Ｒｉｅｓｚ可和算子。讨论了广义Ｒｉｅｓｚ可和算子的收敛性。建立了广义Ｒｉｅｓｚ可和算子和Ｐｅｅｔｒｅ Ｋ－泛函之间的渐近等价关系。Ｋ－泛函完全刻划了Ｒｉｅｓｚ可和算子的逼近阶。     

计算极限的一些方法

计算数列和函数的极限是数学分析的基本运算之一。计算极限除了要熟练运用四则运算的极限法则、极限和无穷小量的关系和初等函数的连续性以外,还必须掌握和运用较多的方法和技巧。本文只想介绍一些常用的计算极限的方法并通过例子作些说明。     

中国棉花期货市场价格发现功能研究

期货市场和现货市场之间的价格发现功能一直是监管部门和投资者十分关心的问题。本文借助信息共享模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等方法，对中国棉花期货市场和现货市场的价格关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明：棉花期货价格和现货价格之间存在显著的双向引导关系和长期均衡关系；期货市场和现货市场都扮演价格发现角色，且期货市场在价格发现中处于主导地位。     

高校学术带头人的培养、选拔和管理

学术带头人的培养和选拔是国家和政府的跨世纪的宏伟工程。本文从实施的角度，对高校学术带头人的选拔和培养提出了一种客观和公平的思想和方法，并且．在使用上建议采用滚动式的管理原则。     

直觉模糊多目标二人零和矩阵对策

研究矩阵对策是深入研究对策理论的一个基本途径和重要手段。根据直觉模糊多目标决策和模糊对策理论,研究了支付值为直觉模糊值的多目标二人零和矩阵对策。首先介绍了基于直觉模糊集的多目标二人零和矩阵对策模型,接着提出了求解直觉模糊多目标二人零和矩阵对策的线性规划方法。最后以数例说明本文提出的方法。结果表明该方法能方便地得到对策的均衡策略和均衡解。     

平面上一般地图的色和与双色和

本文研究了平面上一般带根地图的色和与双色和,得到了这类地图的色和与双色和函数方程。从这类地图的色和函数方程,导出了平面上一般无环地图、平面上二部地图和平面上欧拉地图的计数函数方程。还得到了一些计数函数的计数显式。     

怎样提高学生的独立思考和独立工作能力

培养和提高学生的独立思考和独立工作能力是数学教学中的一个重要問題。茲就下面几个方面,談談如何培养和提高学生的独立思考和独立工作能力。一独立思考和独立工作是指人們在对事物卽有认識的基础上,就某个問題进行思考和工作。而独立思考是独立工作的先决条     

Dirichlet problem for a third-order equation of mixed type in a rectangular domain

For a third-order differential equation of parabolic-hyperbolic type, we suggest a method for studying the first boundary value problem by solving an inverse problem for a second-order equation of mixed type with unknown right-hand side. We obtain a uniqueness criterion for the solution of the inverse problem. The solution of the inverse problem and the Dirichlet problem for the original equation is constructed in the form of the sum of a Fourier series.     

On the structure of a solution set of controlled initial-boundary value problems

For a controlled nonlinear functional-operator equation of the Hammerstein type describing a wide class of controlled initial-boundary value problems, we obtain simple sufficient conditions for the convexity, pointwise boundedness and precompactness of the set of solutions (the reachability tube) in the Lebesgue space. As for boundedness and precompactness, we mean certain conditions of the majorant but not Volterra type requirements which give also the total (with respect to the whole set of admissible controls) preservation of solvability of mentioned equation. As some examples of reduction of a controlled initial-boundary (boundary) value problem to the equation under investigation, and verification of the proposed hypotheses for this equation, we consider the first initial-boundary value problem associated with a semilinear parabolic equation of the second order in a rather general form, and also the Dirichlet problem associated with a semilinear elliptic equation of the second order.     

Inverse problems for the Sturm-Liouville equation with the discontinuous coefficient

In this study we derive the Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko type main integral equation of the inverse problem for the boundary value problem $L$ and prove the uniquely solvability of the main integral equation. Further, we give the solution of the inverse problem by the spectral data and by two spectrum.     

关于—类三阶混合型方程和变系数双曲型方程的边值问题

本文先扼要介绍一类三阶双曲抛物混合型偏微分方程的边值问题，然后讨论了与之有关的一类变系数三阶双曲型方程以特征线为支柱的边值问题，得到了有唯一解时此变系数应满足的充分必要条件。     

On an inhomogeneous problem for parabolic-hyperbolic equation

We study a boundary value problem for an inhomogeneous parabolic-hyperbolic equation with a noncharacteristic type change line. Boundary conditions of the first kind are posed on characteristics in the parabolic and hyperbolic parts of the domain where the equation is given, and a condition of the third kind is posed on the noncharacteristic part of the boundary in the parabolic part. First, we study the solvability of an inhomogeneous initial–boundary value problem for a parabolic equation.     

Burgers型方程初值问题解的稳定性及孤波解

本文证明Burgers型方程初值问题的解在L₂意义上的稳定性、唯一性;给出该方程存在扭状孤波解的条件及求扭状孤波解的方法。并指出Burgers型方程不存在钟状孤波解。     

Fundamental Solution of Dirichlet Boundary Value Problem of Axisymmetric Helmholtz Equation

Fundamental solution of Dirichlet boundary value problem of axisymmetric Helmholtz equation is constructed via modi?ed Bessel function of the second kind, which uni?ed the formulas of fundamental solution of Helmholtz equation, elliptic type Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation and Laplace equation in any dimensional space.     

On the Motion,Amplification, and Blow-up of Fronts in Burgers-Type Equations with Quadratic and Modular Nonlinearity

Doklady Mathematics - A singularly perturbed initial-boundary value problem for a parabolic equation, which is called in applications an equation of Burgers type, is considered. Existence...     

Tricomi problem for a nonlinear equation of mixed type with functional delay and advance

We study a boundary value problem for a nonlinear equation of mixed type with the Lavrent’ev–Bitsadze operator in the principal part and with functional delay and advance in lower-order terms. The general solution of the equation is constructed. The problem is uniquely solvable.     

Monotone-iterative method for mixed boundary value problems for generalized difference equations with “maxima”

In this paper the authors investigate special type of difference equations which involve both delays and the maximum value of the unknown function over a past time interval. This type of equations is used to model a real process which present state depends significantly on its maximal value over a past time interval. An appropriate mixed boundary value problem for the given nonlinear difference equation is set up. An algorithm, namely, the monotone iterative technique is suggested to solve this problem approximately. An important feature of our algorithm is that each successive approximation of the unknown solution is equal to the unique solution of an appropriately constructed initial value problem for a linear difference equation with “maxima”, and a formula for its explicit form is given. Also, each approximation is a lower/upper solution of the given nonlinear boundary value problem. Several numerical examples are considered to illustrate the practical application of the suggested algorithm.