组合预测模型时间要素研究

为了分析时间因素对组合预测模型预测精度的影响,基于对长期内各预测方法预测精度稳定性的考虑,借鉴一维AR(p)模型建模思路,提出了基于时间因素的组合预测模型建模方法。实例验证表明:相对于单个预测方法,考虑时间因素的组合预测方法的预测精度更高,且样本时间跨度越长,预测精度也越高。     

基于分解—集成的铁路货运需求预测研究

铁路货运量受到多种因素影响,准确的预测可以为铁路行业未来规划的编制提供重要的参考依据,也可以使铁路部门制定符合当前货运市场的运输政策。货运量数据具有非线性、不平稳的特点,利用传统的单一预测模型进行预测,很难描述整体特征,预测精度有待提高。本文基于分解—集成的原则,利用变分模态分解算法将货运量分解为高频和低频模态,针对各模态特点,分别建立预测模型,将得到的预测结果加总起来作为最终货运量的预测值。实证表明,分解—集成预测方法与传统的单一预测模型相比,提高了预测的准确率,可以很好地应用在铁路货运量需求预测的研究中。     

基于组合预测模型的广东省第三产业产值预测

首先分析了影响广东省第三产业发展的主要因素,指出由于上述因素相互制约、相互影响,导致第三产业的发展呈现出高度的非线性特征,并使得单一的预测模型在预测效果和泛化能力方面难以胜任.在此基础上,提出了基于神经网络集成的组合预测模型,对广东省第三产业的发展进行预测,阐述了算法的基本原理和数据处理流程,实证分析表明:基于神经网络集成的组合预测模型要比单一预测模型的预测精度高.     

基于熵值法的组合预测模型及其在高峰负荷预测中应用

组合预测可以综合利用各单一预测方法所提供的信息,是提高预测精度的有效途径.本文在指数平滑预测法及灰色预测方法的基础上建立组合预测模型,采用熵值法确定组合权系数,并对某电网高峰负荷进行了预测.实例表明,此模型具有很强的实用性和很高的预测精度.     

中美双边航空运输市场组合预测研究

预测应用研究表明,组合预测可以综合利用各单项预测方法所提供的信息,是提高预测精度的有效途径.本文在平均发展速度预测法、指数趋势预测以及灰色预测方法的基础上建立组合预测模型,采用熵值法确定组合权系数,预测了2006年至2010年中美间航空运输周转量、中美间航空客运量及货运量.     

An extended grey forecasting model for omnidirectional forecasting considering data gap difference

To achieve effective and efficient decision making in a highly competitive business environment, an enterprise must have an appropriate forecasting technique that can meet the requirements of both timeliness and accuracy. Accordingly, in the early stages, building a forecasting model with incomplete information and limited samples is very important to a business. Grey system theory is one of the prediction methods that can be built with a small sample and yet has a strong ability to make short-term predictions. The purpose of this study is to come up with an improved forecasting model based on the concept of this theory to enlarge the applicability of the grey forecasting model in various situations. By extending the data transforming approach, this method generalizes a building procedure for the grey model to grasp the data outline and information trend. Specifically, a novel inverse accumulating generation operator is developed to enable omnidirectional forecasting. The research utilizes observations of the titanium alloy fatigue limit along with temperature changes as raw data to verify the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that not only can this method expand the application scope of the grey forecasting model, but also improve its forecasting accuracy.     

SIOPRED: a prediction and optimisation integrated system for demand

This paper presents a forecasting support system based on the generalised Holt-Winters exponential smoothing scheme to forecast time series of levels of demand. It is conceived as an integrated tool which has been implemented in Visual Basic. For improving the accuracy of automatic forecasting it uses an optimisation-based scheme which unifies the stages of estimation of the parameters and model selection. Based on this scheme, suitable forecasts and prediction intervals are obtained. The performance of the proposed system is compared with a number of well-established automatic forecasting procedures with respect to the 3003 time series included in the M3-competition.      

A new method to mitigate data fluctuations for time series prediction

Although the classic exponential-smoothing models and grey prediction models have been widely used in time series forecasting, this paper shows that they are susceptible to fluctuations in samples. A new fractional bidirectional weakening buffer operator for time series prediction is proposed in this paper. This new operator can effectively reduce the negative impact of unavoidable sample fluctuations. It overcomes limitations of existing weakening buffer operators, and permits better control of fluctuations from the entire sample period. Due to its good performance in improving stability of the series smoothness, the new operator can better capture the real developing trend in raw data and improve forecast accuracy. The paper then proposes a novel methodology that combines the new bidirectional weakening buffer operator and the classic grey prediction model. Through a number of case studies, this method is compared with several classic models, such as the exponential smoothing model and the autoregressive integrated moving average model, etc. Values of three error measures show that the new method outperforms other methods, especially when there are data fluctuations near the forecasting horizon. The relative advantages of the new method on small sample predictions are further investigated. Results demonstrate that model based on the proposed fractional bidirectional weakening buffer operator has higher forecasting accuracy.     

我国货币供应量的ARIMA模型与预测

本文介绍了符合金融系统预测规律的ARIMA时间序列模型，并根据我国货币供应量实际数据对2008年5月-2009年4月货币供应量走势进行了预测检验。实证预测结果显示与实际№相对照，模型预测精度较高，平均相对误差绝对值仅为1．56％，说明ARIMA模型能比较准确地预测我国货币供应量走势，可为我国货币供应量的预测和走势提供可靠的参考依据，并由此预计在2009年9月货币供应量将突破60万亿元。     

基于改进灰色GM(1,1)马尔柯夫模型的煤矿事故百万吨死亡率预测

煤矿安全事故预防和控制是煤矿安全评价和决策的基础.灰色预测适合于时间短、数据量少和波动不大的系统对象,而马尔可夫链理论适用于预测随机波动大的动态过程.结合灰色预测GM(1,1)模型和马尔可夫链理论的优点,提出了一种改进的灰色马尔可夫GM(1,1)模型.利用改进的GM(1,1)模型进一步拟合煤矿人因失误事故的发展变化趋势,并以此为基础进行马尔柯夫预测,提高预测效果.以2000-2010年全国煤矿事故百万吨死亡率为例进行了预测分析,结果表明模型既能揭示煤矿人因失误事故百万吨死亡率变化的总体趋势,又能克服随机波动性数据对预测精度的影响,具有较强的工程实用性,并对煤矿人因失误安全事故的预测和控制有一定的实际意义.