伪补分配格上的主同余关系

本文研究了伪补分配格Ｌ的＊－同余关系的基本性质。主要给出了：⑴主同余θ＊（ａ,ｂ）的一个具体刻划;⑵理想Ⅰ成为同余理想的一个充要条件的以Ⅰ为核心的最小＊－同余θ＊（Ｉ）;⑶Ｌ上的格同余θＬ（ａ,ｂ）成为＊－同余的干充要条件。其中的大部分结果必进或包含了已有的结论。     

夹心半群T(X,Y,θ)上的一个同余链

设T(X, Y,θ)是两个非空集合X, Y上的夹心半群,其中θ是从Y到X的一个映射.本文刻画了这个半群T(X, Y,θ)上的一些同余,得到了半群上的同余链.     

De Morgan代数同余格的性质

以弱射影为工具，得到了ＤｅＭｏｒｇａｎ代数的主同余关系的刻划，在此基础上证明了同余格θ（Ｌ）为原子的充要条件是Ｌ为弱原子的。然后通过引进极小商的概念，描述了θ（Ｌ）是布尔格的Ｄｅ Ｍｏｒｇａｎ代数Ｌ。     

夹心半群T(X,Y,θ)上的最小真同余

本文讨论了夹心半群T(X，Y，θ)上的同余与集合Y上T^θ-等价关系之间的联系，建立了从夹心半群的同余格C(T(X，Y，θ))到Y上的T^θ-等价关系格吃(y)的满同态C和从Teq^θ(Y)到C(T(X，Y，θ))的单同态γ-讨论了Y上最小真T^θ-等价关系以及半群T(X，Y，θ)上最小真同余存在的条件．     

夹心半群S(X,Y,θ)上的α-同余

本文讨论了夹心半群T(X,Y,θ)上的α-同余与集合Y上Tθ-等价关系之间的联系,证明了对于每个Tθ-等价关系E,夹心半群同余格C(T(X,Y,θ))的完全子格γ-1(E)中的最大元是一个α-同余,并判明Symons同余l,d都是α-同余.对于某些拓扑空间X,Y,确定了夹心半群S(X,Y,θ)上的最小(最大)真α-同余.     

伪补分配格的同余理想与同余关系

L是完备的伪补分配格,I是L的同余理想,本文得到以下结果：⑴θ是L的以I为核的最大同余关系的条件。⑵L的以I为核的同余关系是唯一的充分必要条件。⑶L的同余理想与同余关系之间有一一对应关系的充分必要条件。     

一次同余方程的求解技巧

1　引言一次同余方程形如ax≡ b( mod m) ( 1 )其中 a,b,m都是整数 ,m≠ 0 ,m|a。一次同余方程 ( 1 )有解的充要条件是( a,m) |b ( 2 )当条件 ( 2 )满足时 ,一次同余方程 ( 1 )一共有 ( a,m)个解。并且 ,如果 x0 是 ( 1 )的某一特解 ,则 ( 1 )的全部解是 [1]x =x0 +m( a,m) t( mod m) , ( 3 )其中 t=0 ,1 ,… ,( a,m) -1。因此 ,当一次同余方程有解并且有不只一个解时 ,关键是求出它的一个特解。设 ( a,m) =g,a=a1g,b=b1g,m=m1g则必有 ( a1,m1) =1。此时可以取一次同余方程a1x≡ b1( mod m1) ( 4)的唯一解做 ( 1 )的一个特解 [1]。问题是 ,…     

关于一个素数和一个素数的k次方和问题

设k≥2,Hk表示一个正整数n的集合,使对任意的正整数q,同余方程a+b2三n(modq)在模q的既约剩余系中有解a,b.Dk(N)表示n≤N,n∈Hk,但不能表成p1+p22=n的数的个数,其中p1,p2表示素数.则在GRH下,Dk(N)<<N1-1/k(h(k)+1)+ε,这里k=2,3;h(2)=2,h(3)=8.     

Hamilton群的主同余

研究了有限交换群和Hamilton群的主同余,利用同余的定义并构造它们的主同余公式,给出了它们的主同余刻画.     

K11-代数的主同余关系的可补性

研究K11-代数的主同余关系的可补性,给出K11-代数的主同余关系是可补的充要条件。     

Definable principal subcongruences

For varieties of algebras, we present the property of having "definable principal subcongruences" (DPSC), generalizing the concept of having definable principal congruences. It is shown that if a locally finite variety V of finite type has DPSC, then V has a finite equational basis if and only if its class of subdirectly irreducible members is finitely axiomatizable. As an application, we prove that if A is a finite algebra of finite type whose variety V(A) is congruence distributive, then V(A) has DPSC. Thus we obtain a new proof of the finite basis theorem for such varieties. In contrast, it is shown that the group variety V(S ₃ ) does not have DPSC. Received May 9 2000; accepted in final form April 26, 2001.     

分配伪补格的主理想

本文给出了分配伪补格 ( L;∧ ,∨ ,* ,0 ,1 )中的主理想 I=( d]成为同余理想的充分必要条件 .当 L是局部有限时 (即 d∈ S( L) ,Fd={x|x* * =d}有限 ) ,对骨架 S( L)中的每个元素 d,我们找到了以 I=( d]为核心的最小同余关系 ,利用以上结果我们得到一个 Stone代数是布尔代数的一些等价条件 .     

A Special Kind of Principal Congruences on MS-Algebras

In this article, for any a in the MS-algebra L, the author considers the con- gruence of the form defined by （x,y） ∈θa→←x∧a°° = y ∧a° and x ∨ a°° = y ∨ a°°. A characterization of subdirectly irreducible MS-algebras is given and it is also proved that the union of two principal congruences having this form is a principal congruence if and only if L ∈ K2 ∨ K3.     

Congruence subgroups of Hecke groups

Hecke groups are an important tool in subgroups of Hecke groups play an important rule investigating functional equations, and congruence in research of the solutions of the Dirichlet series. When q, m are two primes, congruence subgroups and the principal congruence subgroups of level m of the Hecke group H（√q） have been investigated in many papers. In this paper, we generalize these results to the case where q is a positive integer with q ≥ 5, √q ￠ Z and m is a power of an odd prime.     

Regular congruence-preserving extensions of lattices

In this paper, we prove that every lattice L has a congruence-preserving extension into a regular lattice , moreover, every compact congruence of is principal. We construct by iterating a construction of the first author and F. Wehrung and taking direct limits.? We also discuss the case of a finite lattice L, in which case can be chosen to be finite, and of a lattice L with zero, in which case can be chosen to have zero and the extension can be chosen to preserve zero. Received September 10, 1999; accepted in final form October 16, 2000.     

Some properties of complete congruence lattices

For a complete lattice C, we consider the problem of establishing when the complete lattice of complete congruence relations on C is a complete sublattice of the complete lattices of join- or meet-complete congruence relations on C. We first argue that this problem is not trivial, and then we show that it admits an affirmative answer whenever C is continuous for the join case and, dually, co-continuous for the meet case. As a consequence, we prove that if C is continuous then each principal filter generated by a continuous complete congruence on C is pseudocomplemented. Received January 6, 1998; accepted in final form July 2, 1998.     

On Characterization of Monoids by Properties of Generators

Kilp and Knauer in(Comm. Algebra, 1992, 20(7), 1841–1856) gave characterizations of monoids when all generators in category of right S-acts(S is a monoid) satisfy properties such as freeness, projectivity, strong flatness, Condition(P), principal weak flatness, principal weak injectivity, weak injectivity, injectivity, divisibility, strong faithfulness and torsion freeness.Sedaghtjoo in(Semigroup Forum, 2013, 87: 653–662) characterized monoids by some other properties of generators including weak flatness, Condition(E) and regularity. To our knowledge,the problem has not been studied for properties mentioned above of(finitely generated, cyclic,monocyclic, Rees factor) right acts. In this article we answer the question corresponding to these properties and also f g-weak injectivity.     

On a subvariety of semi-De Morgan algebras

A characterization of principal congruences of the subvariety C of semi-DeMorgan algebras is given. This characterization is applied to determine the subdirectly irreducible algebras of the variety C and to describe a poset such that the lattice of its order ideals is isomorphic to the lattice of subvarieties of C. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

纯正半群上的同余扩张(一)

刻划半群上的同余及其扩张是半群的代数理论中的一个非常重要的课题．本文讨论了带上的同余的正规性和不变性以及在其Ｈａｌｌ半群上的扩张，从同余扩张的角度刻划了带上的同余的性质，给出了扩张的极大、极小同余的描述．     

On the some normal subgroups of the extended modular group

In this paper, we give the group structures and the signatures of some normal subgroups of the extended modular group Π containing the principal congruence subgroup Γ(12).