高温合金GH4169的失效特性及失效模型研究

对GH4169高温合金开展了不同应力三轴度（-0.33~0.33）、不同应变率（0.001~5 000 s-1）、不同温度（293~1 073 K）条件下的材料性能试验.基于Johnson-Cook失效模型的框架,研究了Johnson-Cook(JC)失效模型及已有文献提出的修改形式中应力三轴度项拟合结果的不确定性及应变率对失效应变的线性关系描述局限性问题,通过提出的特定参数确定方法与耦合应力三轴度的应变率效应指数函数,建立了一种唯象修正的失效模型.基于GH4169高温合金的试验结果,标定了修正的失效模型与JC模型中各个参数.结果表明:在不同应力三轴度下,GH4169的失效应变表现出不同的应变率效应;与传统的JC模型相比,修正的失效模型更能够较好地描述GH4169的失效行为;同时能够保证失效应变的非负性.     

率相关晶体塑性模型的塑性各向异性分析

在Sarma和Zacharia的工作基础上,改进了单晶晶体弹粘塑性本构模型的积分算法,并采用改进的欧拉法结合迭代方法求解,特点是稳定性好计算效率较高·　然后用上述模型及算法研究了:1)在单向拉伸和平面应变压缩变形下单晶塑性各向异性的特点;2)晶体模型中的主要材料参数(应变率敏感指数m和潜硬化比率q)和加载应变率对单晶塑性各向异性的影响;3)沿不同的晶体方向加载对滑移系启动的影响·     

置换合金中出现锯齿屈服现象的临界条件的模型

本文同时考虑了置换合金中的位错的整体行为和溶质原子与位错之间的交互作用,提出了一个描述合金中的锯齿屈服现象(即PL效应)的模型,根据这一模型,锯齿屈服出现在一定的应变速度-温度范围之内,在一定条件下,应变量超过一定值,锯齿屈服现象即消失,此模型已为工业用Cu-32wt％Zn合金的拉伸试验及应变速度突变试验所证实:模型所预示的温度和应变速度对锯齿波出现和消失的临界应变量的影响与实验结果吻合得很好。     

晶体硬化系数表示式及材料常数标定

从均匀变形率场中各种取向滑移系硬化的基本特征出发,提出了新的单晶硬化系数表示式,内含12个材料常数,各有明确的物理意义,进而以精确模拟宏观力学性质为目标,利用非线性规划理论建立了一种准确可靠又行之有效的材料常数标定方法,作为例子,使用非线性规划中的改进Ganss-Newton法与梯度法相结合的算法、根据典型单轴拉伸实验曲线确定了铜与铝单晶的材料常数,预测了它们在多种位向上拉伸变形时的应力应变响应,与实验结果吻合良好.     

挤压AZ31镁合金高温单轴棘轮行为实验研究

对挤压态的AZ31镁合金在高温进行拉伸、压缩、应变循环和应力循环实验研究,旨在揭示镁合金各向异性的高温棘轮行为演化规律和变形机制。实验结果表明,镁合金表现出显著的拉-压不对称性和循环软化特性。镁合金的高温棘轮行为受平均应力和应力幅值的控制,棘轮效应随平均应力和应力幅值的增加而增强;镁合金在循环变形过程中存在位错滑移、孪生和解孪3种不同的塑性变形机制,导致镁合金的高温棘轮行为在不同的加载工况下表现出不同的演化特征。     

线材无模拉拔成形力数学模型研究

采用上限法确定了钨合金线材无模拉拔成形速度场及力能参数物理模型.分析了钨合金线材无模拉拔成形的变形模型、速度场以及力能参数的影响因素及影响规律,无模成形力能参数的影响因素主要有冷热源间距、断面减缩率、变形温度、拉伸速度、冷热源移动速度以及材料种类等,为无模拉拔成形工艺工业化应用奠定基础.     

拟合橡胶类材料非等双轴变形数据的显式超弹性势

基于样条插值的直接方法,构造精确符合单轴和等双轴拉伸数据以及剪切数据的大变形超弹性势,给出显式表达式,避免了现有各方法寻求待定参数组达到近似拟合的复杂计算过程；推导了一般变形情形下的应力应变关系,对非等双轴拉伸实验进行了预测,并与Rivlin和Saunders的非等双轴拉伸实验数据进行了对比,预言结果与实验数据一致.     

静脉壁的力学特性及负压失稳问题

应用一类超弹性应变能函数,通过非线性弹性理论,研究了静脉壁在跨壁压及轴向拉伸联合作用下的变形和应力分布等力学特性,并分析了静脉壁的负压失稳问题.首先利用超弹性材料薄壁圆筒模型,得到了静脉壁在跨壁压及轴向拉伸联合作用下的变形方程,给出了正常静脉压下静脉壁的变形曲线和应力分布曲线,讨论了静脉壁的变形和应力分布规律.然后给出了负跨壁压下静脉壁的变形曲线,并由能量比较讨论了静脉壁的负压失稳问题.     

一种基于无屈服概念的粘塑性模型

结合位错运动的热激活理论,基于无屈服概念,提出了一组描述金属材料变形规律的弹/粘塑性本构方程.方程从总体上考虑了应变率、应变历史、应率变历史、硬化和温度等效应,具有较强的物理基础.恒温单轴条件下商业纯钛的力学性能的理论预测与实验结果相比较,存在着良好的一致性.     

有限变形下的混凝土动态本构关系研究

讨论有限变形和小变形假设下本构关系的区别．并将其运用于混凝土的弹。粘塑性本构关系研究，提出了一个应变率相关的动态力学模型．模型基于Ottosen的4参数屈服准则，分别考虑混凝土在硬化阶段和软化阶段加载面的不同变化规律，建立冲击荷载下的混凝土本构关系。该模型可以应用于冲击载荷下混凝土材料响应的模拟．引进Green Naghdi客观率建立有限变形的混凝土模型．根据大量实验结果对应变率和材料强度的关系提出合理假设，使模型可以反映混凝土大变形的动态力学行为，为相关工程问题的研究提供有益的思路和有效的工具。     

Comparison of dilatant plasticity models in application to rubber-toughened polymers

The overall deformation behavior of rubber-toughened polymers (e.g. PC/ABS blends) exhibits a pronounced plastic dilatancy. As this volume increase results from diverse micromechanisms the appropriate structure of a macroscopic model is not obvious. In this contribution, different material models featuring plastic dilatancy are compared with regard to their ability to capture the deformation behavior of PC/ABS in different loading situations. All models are calibrated to match experimental data under uniaxial tension in terms of true stress-strain curves and the evolution of volume strain. Afterwards they are employed in finite element (FE) simulations of single-edge-notch-tensile (SENT) tests. Patterns of plastic deformation computed from the different material models are compared to experimental findings. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Strength and deformation characteristics of polymer blend films obtained from water systems

The relationship between the tensile strength and deformation characteristics, composition, and structural organization of films obtained by casting of two-component water-based system blends — a solution of the rigid partly crystalline polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and an emulsion of the compliant amorphous polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) — has been investigated. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain the possibility of obtaining film materials with increased deformability based on the biodegradable PVA. The composition dependences of the initial modulus of elasticity, the maximum stress, yield stress, the ultimate strength, the ultimate strain, and of the unit work of fracture and other characteristics of films have been analyzed. An analysis of the tensile true stress–strain curves of systems with volume fractions of PVA less than 0.5 points to their considerable orientation strengthening upon tension.     

A class of ABS algorithms for Diophantine linear systems

Summary. Systems of integer linear (Diophantine) equations arise from various applications. In this paper we present an approach, based upon the ABS methods, to solve a general system of linear Diophantine equations. This approach determines if the system has a solution, generalizing the classical fundamental theorem of the single linear Diophantine equation. If so, a solution is found along with an integer Abaffian (rank deficient) matrix such that the integer combinations of its rows span the integer null space of the cofficient matrix, implying that every integer solution is obtained by the sum of a single solution and an integer combination of the rows of the Abaffian. We show by a counterexample that, in general, it is not true that any set of linearly independent rows of the Abaffian forms an integer basis for the null space, contrary to a statement by Egervary. Finally we show how to compute the Hermite normal form for an integer matrix in the ABS framework. Received July 9, 1999 / Revised version received May 8, 2000 / Published online May 4, 2001     

Uniaxial extension of polystyrene with a constant true stress

A apparatus designed for the extension (stretching) of yielding polymers at a constant true stress is described. The changes taking place in the general, rubber-elastic, and irreversible deformations aredetermined, together with the corresponding rates of deformation, as well as the viscosity and relaxation characteristics, during the extension (tensile strain) of block polystyrene at various constant true stresses and a temperatore of 130°C.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Synthetic Fiber, Kalinin. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 6, pp. 1104–1109, November–December, 1972.     

Plastic flow in very low temperature regime within annular micropores

The rate of deformation for glassy (amorphous) matter confined in microscopic domain at very low temperature regime was investigated using a rate-state-dependent model considering the shear thinning behavior which means, once material being subjected to high shear rates, the viscosity diminishes with increasing shear rate. The preliminary results show that there might be the enhanced rate of deformation and (shear) yield stress due to the almost vanishing viscosity in micropores subjected to some surface conditions: The relatively larger roughness (compared to the macroscopic domain) inside micropores and the slip. As the pore size decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and therefore, surface roughness will greatly affect the (plastic) flow in micropores. By using the boundary perturbation method, we obtained a class of microscopic fields for the rate of deformation and yield stress at low temperature regime with the presumed small wavy roughness distributed along the walls of an annular micropore.     

Plastic flow in very low temperature regime within annular micropores

The rate of deformation for glassy (amorphous) matter confined in microscopic domain at very low temperature regime was investigated using a rate-state-dependent model considering the shear thinning behavior which means, once material being subjected to high shear rates, the viscosity diminishes with increasing shear rate. The preliminary results show that there might be the enhanced rate of deformation and (shear) yield stress due to the almost vanishing viscosity in micropores subjected to some surface conditions: The relatively larger roughness (compared to the macroscopic domain) inside micropores and the slip. As the pore size decreases, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and therefore, surface roughness will greatly affect the (plastic) flow in micropores. By using the boundary perturbation method, we obtained a class of microscopic fields for the rate of deformation and yield stress at low temperature regime with the presumed small wavy roughness distributed along the walls of an annular micropore.     

Tensile strength of ABS/PA6 composites reinforced with HNO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-treated carbon fibers

In this study, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with HNO₃-treated short carbon fibers (SCFs). The effects of SCF concentration on the tensile properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SCF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 to 30 wt.% raised its tensile strength and tensile modulus. To obtain a strong interaction at the fiber-matrix interface, polyamide-6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/10 wt.% SCF composite. The incorporation and increasing the amount of PA6 in the ABS/PA6/SCF systems upgraded their tensile properties due to the improved adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface, which was confirmed by the growing tensile strength. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SCF composites, which exhibited an enhanced adhesion between the SCFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix.     

High-elastic behavior of rubbery polymers at low strain rates

The results of an experimental investigation of the deformation behavior of rubbery amorphous polymers (polybutadiene SKD) at low strain rates and large deformation times are described. It is shown for the first time by a viscometric method that the process of strain development in rubbery polymers has a stepwise character. A model that takes the breakdown of the structure into account is proposed for describing the stepwise nature of the strain development.     

Convergence analysis of the nonlinear block scaled ABS methods

In this paper, by a further investigation of the algorithm structure of the nonlinear block scaled ABS methods, we convert it into an inexact Newton method. Based on this equivalent version, we establish the semilocal convergence theorem of the nonlinear block scaled ABS methods and obtain convergence conditions that mainly depend on the behavior of the mapping at the initial point. This complements the convergence theory of the nonlinear block scaled ABS methods.     

Mechanical properties of blends of liquid crystalline copolyesters with polyprophylene

Conclusions A significant effect of the addition of LCP on the mechanical properties and their anisotropy has been established. Already, if one considers the shape of curves of the stress-strain relationship it can be seen that curves typical for semicrystalline polymers (pure polypropylene) with clearly visible yield point and significant cold drawing leading to an anisotropic stiffening are changing into curves without yielding and with a brittle failure (LC-rich blends). Generally, the tensile elasticity modulus increases with increasing LCP content for both MD and TD. The maximum value of anisotropy of elastic properties was noted for a rather low content of LCP (c = 5%). On the contrary, the stress at yield decreases with increasing LCP content. The same was observed for the strain at yield but in both cases an important increase of anisotropy has taken place. Consequently, the total elongation during drawing (strain at break) showed a drastic decrease for blends with higher LCP content (about 60–80 times). The addition of the LCP to polypropylene has led to a stiffness increase (higher elasticity modulus) but simultaneously to a considerable plasticity decrease. As a confirmation of these observations, there served also the creep test where a decrease of the creep compliance (by two times) for LC-rich blends as compared with pure PP was noted.It also should be emphasized that, generally, a smaller effect of LCP content on the elastic deformation was noted than that on the time dependent effects (nonelastic creep deformation).Published in Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 442–450, July–August, 1994.