The standing wave model of the mesons and baryons

Only photons are needed to explain the masses of the π⁰, η, Λ, Σ⁰, Ξ⁰, Ω⁻, Λ_c⁺, Σ_c⁰, Ξ_c⁰ and Ω_c⁰ mesons and baryons with the sum of the energies contained in the frequencies of standing electromagnetic waves in a cubic black body. Only neutrinos are needed to explain the mass of the π^± mesons with the sum of the energies of standing oscillations of muon and electron neutrinos in a cubic lattice plus the energies contained in the rest masses of the neutrinos. Neutrinos and photons are needed to explain the masses of the K^± mesons. Surprisingly the mass of the μ^± mesons can also be explained without an additional assumption by the oscillation energies and rest masses of a neutrino lattice. From the difference of the masses of the π^± mesons and μ^± mesons we find that the rest mass of the muon neutrino is 47.5 meV/c². From the difference of the masses of the neutron and proton we find that the rest mass of the electron neutrino is 0.55 meV/c². The potential of the weak force between the lattice points can be determined from Born’s lattice theory. From the weak force between the lattice points follows automatically the existence of a strong force between the sides of two lattices. The strong nuclear force is the sum of the unsaturated weak forces at the sides of each lattice and is therefore about 10⁶ times stronger than the weak force.     

Observations on the nuclear interactions of cosmic ray pions and nucleons at energies ≳ 20 GeV

Detailed features of extremely collimated nuclear interactions induced by cosmic ray particles in carbon and brass (belonging to group I as classified in Part I of this series of papers) are presented. These extremely collimated nuclear interactions seem to be preferentially induced by pions rather than by nucleons; also the relative frequency of these seems to be less when brass is used as target compared to the case with carbon as target. The distribution of multiplicities of secondary particles emitted in the forward direction show certain regularities in the case of interactions induced by charged primaries. Observations on the γ-rays associated with these events give support to the interpretation that in these inelastic collisions pions are produced in pairs in the forward direction with low transverse momentum. It is suggested that such a low energy di-pion system could be the same as found in the so-called ABC effect.     

On the on-line chromatic number of the family of on-line 3-chromatic graphs

Let the family OL(3) contain all graphs which can be colored on-line with 3 colors. Gyárfás and Lehel suggested the problem of determining the on-line chromatic number χ^*(OL(3)) of OL(3). They showed that 4 χ^*(OL(3)) 16. We present an algorithm that colors every on-line-3-chromatic graph with 4 colors. Thus χ^*(OL(3)) = 4.     

图的点可区别Ⅳ-全色数的一个上界

δ和△分别表示图G的最小度和最大度,利用概率方法研究点可区别IV-全色数的上界,证得如果δ≥2,δ≥61n△,n≤([16Δ(Δ-1)]~(δ-1))/(96π·δ~(δ+2)·(Δ+1)),那么x_(vt)~(iv)(G)≤16Δ(Δ-1).     

Scattering from a spatially restricted atom,I

We prove the existence and completeness of the wave operators for a model describing the elastic scattering of a neutron from the nucleus of an atom which is harmonically bound to a certain site in an infinite lattice. We then solve a similar problem for proton scattering under the assumption that the nuclear charge distribution has a nontrivial symmetry group, and finally consider dissipative effects due to the other lattice atoms on the scattering.     

Long time dynamics of the 3D radial NLS with the combined terms

In this paper,we study the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result of the radial solution to nonlinear Schrodinger equation(NLS) with the combined terms iu_t+△u=-|u|~4u+|4|~(p-1)u,1+4/3p5 in energy space H~1(R~3).The threshold energy is the energy of the ground state W of the focusing,energy critical NLS,which means that the subcritical perturbation does not affect the determination of threshold,but affects the scattering and blow-up dichotomy result with subcritical threshold energy.This extends algebraic perturbation in a previous work of Miao,Xu and Zhao[Comm.Math.Phys.,318,767-808(2013)]to all mass supercritical,energy subcritical perturbation.     

Study of hyperfragments

1101 examples of non-mesic decay of hyperfragments, produced by high energy particles in nuclear emulsion stacks, have been used to obtain information on multinucleon interaction of Λ° hyperon in the decay of hyperfragments. From a study of events with two fast charged particles in decays of hyperfragments, the following two conclusions are drawn: (i) multinucleon interactions of Λ° in decay of hyperfragments is not significant; it occurs at the most in a few per cent of the cases, and (ii) there is strong evidence for the existence of final state interactions in decay of hyperfragments.     

几个l~0类赋准范空间的共轭空间的表示定理

讨论赋准范空间的共轭空间的表示问题,研究几个l~0类赋准范空间的共轭空间的表示定理,得到代数表示连等式(l~0)~*(A=)(c~0)~*(A=)(c_0~0)~*(A=)(c_(00)~0)~*(A=)c_(00),与拓扑表示定理((c_(00)~0)~*,sw~*)=c_(00)~0.     

Angular distribution of jets produced by heavy primary cosmic-ray nuclei

A statistical method is developed for analyzing the angular distribution of meson jets produced by heavy primary cosmic-ray nuclei, enabling detection and elimination of the proton jet due to evaporation of the residual incident nucleus. The procedure is applied to 50 high-energy collisions of heavy primary nuclei. It is shown that a significant fraction of the heavy primaries produce bi-modal meson jets consistent with the two-centre model.     

Nucleon Instability in a Degenerate Magnetized Nucleon–Electron Gas

In the framework of the model of a degenerate relativistic ideal neutron–proton–electron gas (np ⁺ e ^– gas) in an external superstrong constant and homogeneous magnetic field, we study the effect of the magnetic field on the state of chemical equilibrium of the np ⁺ e ^– gas and on the processes of electronic (^–) and positronic (⁺) nucleon decay taking the effects due to the interaction between the nucleon anomalous magnetic moments and the magnetic field into account. For sufficiently large values of the magnetic induction, the proton density in chemical equilibrium must exceed the neutron density. Including the interaction between the nucleon anomalous magnetic moments M _n,p and the magnetic field results in an insignificant reduction of the proton density, but, as in the case M _n,p=0, the proton density in chemical equilibrium in the presence of the superstrong magnetic field exceeds the neutron density. We show that if the interaction between the nucleon anomalous magnetic moments and the superstrong magnetic field is taken into account, then the positronic decay of a free proton (i.e., a proton not entering the composition of an atomic nucleus) into a neutron, a positron, and a neutrino can become energetically allowed. We discuss the necessary conditions for realizing the phase transition from the nucleon phase to the quark phase of the substance in the central region of a strongly magnetized neutron star.