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1.
This paper explores the inventory replenishment policy for deteriorating items in which the supplier provides a permissible delay to the purchaser if the order quantity is greater than or equal to a predetermined quantity. As a matter of fact, the inventory system discussed by this paper is the same as that of Chang et al. [C.T. Chang, L.Y. Ouyang, J.T. Teng, An EOQ model for deteriorating items under supplier credit credits linked to ordering quantity, Appl. Math. Model. 27 (2003) 983–996]. However, their approach in solving the problems needs further analysis. This article deals with an alternative approach to present a simple procedure in order to determine the optimal ordering policy when the supplier provides a permissible delay in payments linked to order quantity. Numerical examples reveal that the solution algorithm described in this paper is accurate and rapid.  相似文献   

2.
In the classical inventory economic order quantity (or EOQ) model, it was assumed that the supplier is paid for the items immediately after the items are received. However, in practices, the supplier may simultaneously offer the customer: (1) a permissible delay in payments to attract new customers and increase sales, and (2) a cash discount to motivate faster payment and reduce credit expenses. In this paper, we provide the optimal policy for the customer to obtain its minimum cost when the supplier offers not only a permissible delay but also a cash discount. We first establish a proper model, and then characterize the optimal solution and provide an easy-to-use algorithm to find the optimal order quantity and replenishment time. Furthermore, we also compare the optimal order quantity under supplier credits to the classical economic order quantity. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.  相似文献   

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4.
Most researchers established their inventory lot-size models under trade credit financing by assuming that the supplier offers the retailer fully permissible delay in payments and the products received are all non-defective. However, in the real business environment, it often can be observed that the supplier offers the retailer a fully permissible delay in payments only when the order quantity is greater than or equal to the predetermined quantity Q d . In addition, an arriving order lot usually contains some defective items due to imperfect production processes or other factors. To capture this reality, the paper extends Huang (2007) economic order quantity (EOQ) model with partially permissible delay in payments to consider defective items. We formulate the proposed problem as a profit maximization EOQ model in which the replenishment cycle time is the decision variable. Then we use the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality approach to determine the optimal solution under various situations. An algorithm to obtain the optimal solution is also provided. Finally, the numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the results.  相似文献   

5.
A lot of researchers develop their inventory models under trade credit by assuming that the supplier offers the retailer fully permissible delay in payments and the products received are all non-defective. However, from the viewpoint of practice, it can often be found that the supplier offers the retailer a fully permissible delay in payments only when the order quantity is greater than or equal to the specific quantity. Furthermore, the products received usually contain some defective items. This paper establishes the EOQ model with defective items and partially permissible delay in payments linked to order quantity. It also uses the rigorous method of mathematics to derive the solution procedure to locate the optimal solution. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate all theoretical results in this paper.  相似文献   

6.
《Applied Mathematical Modelling》2014,38(15-16):4049-4061
Many products such as fruits, vegetables, pharmaceuticals, volatile liquids, and others not only deteriorate continuously due to evaporation, obsolescence, spoilage, etc. but also have their expiration dates (i.e., a deteriorating item has its maximum lifetime). Although numerous researchers have studied economic order quantity (EOQ) models for deteriorating items, few of them have taken the maximum lifetime of a deteriorating item into consideration. In addition, a supplier frequently offers her/his retailers a permissible delay in payments in order to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. There is no interest charge to a retailer if the purchasing amount is paid to a supplier within the credit period, and vice versa. In this paper, we propose an EOQ model for a retailer when: (1) her/his product deteriorates continuously, and has a maximum lifetime, and (2) her/his supplier offers a permissible delay in payments. We then characterize the retailer’s optimal replenishment cycle time. Furthermore, we discuss a special case for non-deteriorating items. Finally, we run several numerical examples to illustrate the problem and provide some managerial insights.  相似文献   

7.
To attract more sales suppliers frequently offer a permissible delay in payments if the retailer orders more than or equal to a predetermined quantity W. In this paper, we generalize [Goyal, S.K., 1985. EOQ under conditions of permissible delay in payments. Journal of the Operational Research Society 36, 335–338] economic order quantity (EOQ) model with permissible delay in payment to reflect the following real-world situations: (1) the retailer’s selling price per unit is significantly higher than unit purchase price, (2) the interest rate charged by a bank is not necessarily higher than the retailer’s investment return rate, (3) many items such as fruits and vegetables deteriorate continuously, and (4) the supplier may offer a partial permissible delay in payments even if the order quantity is less than W. We then establish the proper mathematical model, and derive several theoretical results to determine the optimal solution under various situations and use two approaches to solve this complex inventory problem. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.  相似文献   

8.
In 1985, Goyal developed an Economic order quantity (EOQ) model under conditions of permissible delay in payments. Jamal et al. then generalized Goyal’s model for deteriorating items with completely backlogging. However, they only ran several simulations to indicate that the total relevant cost may be convex. Recently, Teng amended Goyal’s model by considering the difference between unit price and unit cost, and provided an alternative conclusion that it makes economic sense for some retailers to order less quantity and take the benefits of the permissible delay more frequently. However, he did not consider deteriorating items and partial backlogging. In this paper, we establish a general EOQ model for deteriorating items when the supplier offers a permissible delay in payments. For generality, our model allows not only the partial backlogging rate to be related to the waiting time but also the unit selling price to be larger than the unit purchase cost. Consequently, the proposed model includes numerous previous models as special cases. In addition, we mathematically prove that the total relevant cost is strictly pseudo-convex so that the optimal solution exists and is unique. Finally, our computational results reveal six managerial phenomena.  相似文献   

9.
Within the economic order quantity (EOQ) framework, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the retailer’s optimal replenishment policy under permissible delay in payments. All previously published articles dealing with optimal order quantity with permissible delay in payments assumed that the supplier only offers the retailer fully permissible delay in payments if the retailer ordered a sufficient quantity. Otherwise, permissible delay in payments would not be permitted. However, in this paper, we want to extend this extreme case by assuming that the supplier would offer the retailer partially permissible delay in payments when the order quantity is smaller than a predetermined quantity. Under this condition, we model the retailer’s inventory system as a cost minimization problem to determine the retailer’s optimal inventory cycle time and optimal order quantity. Three theorems are established to describe the optimal replenishment policy for the retailer. Some previously published results of other researchers can be deduced as special cases. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate all these theorems and to draw managerial insights.  相似文献   

10.
In many inventory situations, the purchaser is allowed a permissible period to pay back the cost of goods bought without paying any interest. Depending on the length of that payment period, the purchaser can earn interest on the sales of the inventory. This paper develops a model to determine an optimal ordering policy for deteriorating items under permissible delay of payment and allowable shortage. Different facets of the permissible delays in payment are discussed, and this generalized model exhibits a set of solutions that reduces to an existing model. Results are discussed and demonstrated with an illustrative example.  相似文献   

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