The Theory of Finite Models without Equal Sign

In this paper, it is the first time ever to suggest that we study the model theory of all finite structures and to put the equal sign in the same situtation as the other relations. Using formulas of infinite lengths we obtain new theorems for the preservation of model extensions, submodels, model homomorphisms and inverse homomorphisms. These kinds of theorems were discussed in Chang and Keisler＇s Model Theory, systematically for general models, but Gurevich obtained some different theorems in this direction for finite models. In our paper the old theorems manage to survive in the finite model theory. There are some differences between into homomorphisms and onto homomorphisms in preservation theorems too. We also study reduced models and minimum models. The characterization sentence of a model is given, which derives a general result for any theory T to be equivalent to a set of existential-universal sentences. Some results about completeness and model completeness are also given.     

LOCAL AND GLOBAL HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN A DELAYED HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

This paper considers a delayed human respiratory model. Firstly, the stability of the equilibrium of the model is investigated and the occurrence of a sequence of Hopf bifurcations of the model is proved. Secondly, the explicit algorithms which determine the direction of the Hopf bifurcations and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are derived by applying the normal form method and the center manifold theory. Finally, the existence of the global periodic solutions is showed under some assumptions on the model.     

ASYMPTOTICAL ANALYSIS OF A REACTIONDIFFUSION EQUATIONS D-SIS EPIDEMIC MODEL

By monotone methods and invariant region theory,a reaction-diffusion equa- tions D-SIS epidemic model with bilinear rate is studied.The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model are proved.The basic reproductive number which determines whether the disease is extinct or not is found.The globally asymptotical stability of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are obtained.Some results of the ordinary differential equations model are extended to the present partial differential equations model.     

The Elastic Continuum Limit of the Tight Binding Model

The authors consider the simplest quantum mechanics model of solids,the tight binding model,and prove that in the continuum limit,the energy of tight binding model converges to that of the continuum elasticity model obtained using Cauchy-Born rule.The technique in this paper is based mainly on spectral perturbation theory for large matrices.     

具有时滞的食饵捕食系统的Hopf分支及分支周期解的稳定性（英文）

In this paper, a predator-prey model of three species is investigated, the necessary and sufficient of the stable equilibrium point for this model is studied. Further, by introducing a delay as a bifurcation parameter, it is found that Hopf bifurcation occurs when τ cross some critical values. And, the stability and direction of hopf bifurcation are determined by applying the normal form theory and center manifold theory. numerical simulation results are given to support the theoretical predictions. At last, the periodic solution of this system is computed.     

Existence of two periodic solutions of a ratio-dependent Holling-Taner model with infinite delay and prey harvest

This paper considers a class of ratio-dependent Holling-Taner model with infinite delay and prey harvest, which is of periodic coefficients. By means of the coincidence degree theory, a set of sufficient conditions for the existence of at least two positive periodic solutions of this model is established.     

Interlaminar Crack Propagation Analysis of ENF Specimens Based on the Cohesive Zone Model北大核心CSCD

Based on the classical laminated plate theory and the cohesive zone model, a theoretical model for general delamination cracked laminates was established for crack propagation of pure mode Ⅱ ENF specimens. Compared with the conventional beam theory, the proposed model fully considered the softening process of the cohesive zone and introduced the nonlinear behavior of ENF specimens before failure. The predicted failure load is smaller than that under the beam theory and closer to the experimental data in literatures. Compared with the beam theory with only fracture toughness considered, the proposed model can simultaneously analyze the influences of the interface strength, the fracture toughness and the initial interface stiffness on the load-displacement curves in ENF tests. The results show that, the interface strength mainly affects the mechanical behavior of specimens before failure, but has no influence on crack propagation. The fracture toughness is the main parameter affecting crack propagation, and the initial interface stiffness only affects the linear elastic loading stage. The cohesive zone length increases with the fracture toughness and decreases with the interface strength. The effect of the interface strength on the cohesive zone length is more obvious than that of the fracture toughness. When the adhesive zone tip reaches the half length of the specimen, the adhesive zone length will decrease to a certain extent. Copyright ©2022 Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. All rights reserved.     

OPTIONS-GAME ANALYSIS FOR FIRM WITH INSURED DEBT

The strategic model for insured bond of firm is a new model which is developed based on options pricing model and game theory. When firm‘s bond was insured against bankruptcy, some interesting results about endogenous bankruptcy and optimal capital structure are obtained.     

MARKOV CHAIN-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE DEGREE DISTRIBUTION FOR A GROWING NETWORK

In this article, we focus on discussing the degree distribution of the DMS model from the perspective of probability. On the basis of the concept and technique of first-passage probability in Markov theory, we provide a rigorous proof for existence of the steady-state degree distribution, mathematically re-deriving the exact formula of the distribution. The approach based on Markov chain theory is universal and performs well in a large class of growing networks.     

具有饱和项的捕食食饵系统正周期解的存在性

By the theory of periodic parabolic operators, Shauder estimates and bifurcation, the existence of positive periodic solutions for periodic prey-predator model with saturation is discussed. The necessary and sufficient conditions to coexistence of periodic system are obtained.     

Effectiveness in RPL, with applications to continuous logic

In this paper, we introduce a foundation for computable model theory of rational Pavelka logic (an extension of ?ukasiewicz logic) and continuous logic, and prove effective versions of some related theorems in model theory. We show how to reduce continuous logic to rational Pavelka logic. We also define notions of computability and decidability of a model for logics with computable, but uncountable, set of truth values; we show that provability degree of a formula with respect to a linear theory is computable, and use this to carry out an effective Henkin construction. Therefore, for any effectively given consistent linear theory in continuous logic, we effectively produce its decidable model. This is the best possible, since we show that the computable model theory of continuous logic is an extension of computable model theory of classical logic. We conclude with noting that the unique separable model of a separably categorical and computably axiomatizable theory (such as that of a probability space or an L^p Banach lattice) is decidable.     

Finitely generated submodels of an uncountably categorical homogeneous structure

We generalize the result of non‐finite axiomatizability of totally categorical first‐order theories from elementary model theory to homogeneous model theory. In particular, we lift the theory of envelopes to homogeneous model theory and develope theory of imaginaries in the case of ω‐stable homogeneous classes of finite U‐rank. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Interactions between party members and local party activists: A formal model and its empirical application*

Data taken from two surveys among party members and local party activists are used to test a formal theory of intra‐party interaction at a low regional level. For this purpose a miniature version of legitimation theory is axiomatized according to Joseph D. Sneed's proposals. A possible partial model for this miniature theory is defined, terms theoretical in this theory are introduced to make up a possible model of the theory, and several variants of the model of this theory are discussed together with their empirical claims. The axiomatized theory does not only allow the interpretation of empirical correlations among attitudinal variables as effects of interactions between persons bearing those attitudes, but also compels to consider nonlinear interactions as well.     

薄壁压力管道的突然破裂

用数学的突变理论研究薄壁圆形管道在内部爆炸力作用下的脆性破裂问题。在弹性能量准则基础上，建立了管道壳体破裂的尖点突变模型，给出了相应的破裂临界条件。     

模型论逻辑与理论计算机科学

近年来，逻辑中语义的思想与方法在理论计算机科学的许多分支中的渗透与应用，已愈来愈受重视．作为语义方法的逻辑基础，（一阶）模型论是研究（一阶）逻辑的语法构造与语义属性之间联系的一门数理逻辑的分支；而模型论逻辑（又称广义模型论）则是在抽象逻辑的框架中，用模型论的方法研究各种扩充逻辑系统的异、同及相互关系．本文从抽象逻辑的观点出发．介绍模型论中与计算机科学（ＣＳ）密切相关的若干概念及其应用．特别是广义的有限模型论，它在ＣＳ的刺激下于８０年代形成并急速发展起来，已在数据库、计算复杂性以及形式语言与自动机等理论中取得突出成果或重大的应用．     

应用图论分析与最优化理论来数据挖掘大规模水牛普里昂蛋白结构数据

图论、最优化理论显然在蛋白质结构的研究中大有用场. 首先, 调查/回顾了研究蛋白质结构的所有图论模型. 其后, 建立了一个图论模型: 让蛋白质的侧链来作为图的顶点, 应用图论的诸如团、 $k$-团、 社群、 枢纽、聚类等概念来建立图的边. 然后, 应用数学最优化的现代摩登数据挖掘算法/方法来分析水牛普里昂蛋白结构的大数据. 成功与令人耳目一新的数值结果将展示给朋友们.     

A Shared Framework for Consequence Operations and Abstract Model Theory

In this paper we develop an abstract theory of adequacy. In the same way as the theory of consequence operations is a general theory of logic, this theory of adequacy is a general theory of the interactions and connections between consequence operations and its sound and complete semantics. Addition of axioms for the connectives of propositional logic to the basic axioms of consequence operations yields a unifying framework for different systems of classical propositional logic. We present an abstract model-theoretical semantics based on model mappings and theory mappings. Between the classes of models and theories, i.e., the set of sentences verified by a model, it obtains a connection that is well-known within algebra as Galois correspondence. Many basic semantical properties can be derived from this observation. A sentence A is a semantical consequence of T if every model of T is also a model of A. A model mapping is adequate for a consequence operation if its semantical inference operation is identical with the consequence operation. We study how properties of an adequate model mapping reflect the properties of the consequence operation and vice versa. In particular, we show how every concept of the theory of consequence operations can be formulated semantically.     

Categorical axiomatics of dynamic programming

In systems theory, we need some general framework to take into account various concepts from different fields (automata theory, dynamical systems, optimization theory, etc.). This work is a proposal for such a framework. A decision process model is given with the help of category theory. Sufficient conditions for the validity of the equation of optimality of Bellman are established in this model. This model also generalizes the concept of finite automaton. Thus we unify the concepts of automaton and decision system. Especially, we propose the new concept of “opt-automaton” (automaton which optimizes).     

An extended beam theory for smart materials applications part I: Extended beam models,duality theory,and finite element simulations

An extended theory for elastic and plastic beam problems is studied. By introducing new dependent and independent variables, the standard Timoshenko beam model is extended to take account of shear variation in the lateral direction. The dynamic governing equations are established via Hamilton's principle, and existence and uniqueness results for the solution of the static problem are proved. Using the theory of convex analysis, the duality theory for the extended beam model is developed. Moreover, the extended theory for rigid-perfectly plastic beams is also established. Based on the extended model, a finite-element method is proposed and numerical results are obtained indicating the usefulness of the extended theory in applications.The work of the first author was supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant DMS9400565.     

军事威慑博弈中挑战者行为预测模型比较

将基于完全理性的期望效用理论与基于有限理性的前景理论的两种决策模型应用于军事威慑两阶段博弈分析之中.研究结果表明,前景理论模型与期望效用理论模型对挑战者行为的预测结果具有显著的差异.