基于粒子群算法的变权累加生成的GM(1,1)模型

根据灰色系统的新信息优先原理可知新信息对认知的作用大于旧信息的作用,而传统的累加生成没有体现原始数据中新信息的重要性.针对这一问题引入了变权累加生成的方法,并对变权累加生成在单调性、灰指数规律、凸性等方面的性质进行了研究,得到变权累加生成序列具有单调递增性,具有较强的指数规律,并具有下凸性,这些性质是高精度建模的保证,然后建立了基于变权累加生成的GM(1,1)模型,并运用粒子群算法确定了变权累加生成的权重.通过具体的算例计算表明,变权累加生成的GM(1,1)模型能够提高模型的模拟和预测精度.     

一类准指数序列的模型优化

在传统GM(1,1)模型基础上,结合最小二乘法原理提出:对本身已具有准指数规律的原始序列直接进行建模,并在此基础上对新模型背景值进行适当优化.克服传统GM(1,1)模型建模过程中的盲目性,并提高了拟合与预测精度.     

同时优化背景值和灰导数的新非等间距GM(1,1)模型

结合GM(1,1)的建模过程,提出了以原始序列的一次累加生成序列为背景值的非等间距序列GM(1,1)模型的最原始形式;并基于灰模型的非齐次指数特性和求导的定义,从灰导数在离散点的生成出发,同时优化最原始的非等间距灰微分方程的灰导数和背景值,并建立新非等间距灰模型;新模型不仅提高了灰模型的拟合精度和预测精度,且拓宽了GM(1,1)的适用范围.     

分数阶反向累加非线性灰色Bernoulli模型及其应用

非线性灰色Bernoulli模型相对于普通的GM(1,1)模型,能更好的反映数据序列的非线性增长趋势.分数阶蕴含"in between"思想,分数阶累加灰色模型相对一般的累加灰色模型具有更好的预测效果和适应性.为了更好地符合新信息优先原理,实现最小信息的最大挖掘,构造了分数阶反向累加非线性灰色Bernoulli模型,即FAONGBM(1,1)模型,并给出了该模型的具体求解过程.在参数优化方面,本文通过粒子群优化(PSO)算法实现分数阶阶数和非线性指数的最优搜索.最后运用FAONGBM(1,1)模型对我国水力发电总量进行实证分析,结果证明所提出的模型具有良好的拟合精度和预测精度.     

基于分数阶累加的灰色GM(1,1|sin)模型及其应用

本文研究了灰色模型对振荡序列的预测问题.在已有GM(1,1|sin)模型的基础上,利用分数阶算子对原始序列进行累加生成的方法,获得了分数阶累加GM(1,1|sin)模型的表达式;以平均相对误差最小化为目标,利用粒子群算法求解非线性优化问题,获得了模型的最优参数.最后以城市交通流的模拟预测为例,结果表明本文提出的模型比GM(1,1|sin)模型具有更高的模拟精度,推广了GM(1,1|sin)预测模型的结果.     

基于上凸序列的GM(1,1)模型及其优化

针对GM(1,1)模型对上凸序列建模时会出现误差较大的情况进行了研究.首先分析了GM(1,1)对上凸序列建模时的残差变化规律,然后通过分析得出了残差变化规律的精确描述,同时证明了残差序列的几个性质定理.基于残差序列的性质定理提出了基于上凸序列建模的残差修正GM(1,1)模型.将新模型与多种改进的GM(1,1)模型进行对比,实证结果表明新模型具有很高的模拟预测精度,并且适用于一切上凸序列的建模.     

灰色GM(1,1)模型研究综述

GM(1,1)是灰色预测理论的核心模型和基础模型.从累加生成方法、初值优化、背景值优化、参数估计方法、模型性质和模型拓展的视角,梳理了GM(1,1)模型的研究进展.明确了有待进一步研究的问题,对GM(1,1)模型的未来研究方向提出了建议.     

基于随机振荡序列的GM(1,1)模型性质及其应用

为了提高GM(1,1)模型对随机振荡序列的拟合和预测效果,提出了先将原始振荡序列变为单调增长序列,再对单调增长序列进行几何平均生成交换,然后建立GM(1,1)模型.通过实例计算表明,方法能够提高GM(1,1)模型的拟合精度,可以用于随机振荡序列的建模,从而扩大了GM(1,1)模型的应用范围.     

基于分数阶GM(1,1)与BP神经网络的电力负荷预测

传统的灰色GM(1,1)和BP神经网络模型存在对原始序列依赖高,收敛速度慢等缺点.将分数阶累加的思想引入GM(1,1)模型,再用逐层训练算法改进传统的BP神经网络.基于我国2010-2014年的电力数据,构建分数阶GM(1,1)与BP神经网络组合模型,预测2015年和2016年的总发电量.实证结果表明,该组合模型比GM(1,1)模型,分数阶GM(1,1)模型以及GM(1,1)与BP神经网络组合模型具有更好的数据拟合效果,更高的预测精度.     

灰色振荡序列GM(1,1)模型及在城市用水中的应用

GM(1,1)模型是城市用水量预测的一种有效的方法,但利用GM(1,1)模型难以反映序列的随机波动性。本文提出的平移变换和几何平均变换方法,不仅能构造更适合建立GM(1,1)模型的单调递增序列,也能有效地弱化原始序列的随机性,并保持其单调性,使其变化梯度趋于平缓。通过大连市2000～2006年用水量的预测结果表明,此方法能够反映出城市用水量所具有的波动特性,提高GM(1,1)模型的预测精度,可应用于对灰色振荡序列建立GM(1,1)模型,从而扩大了GM(1,1)模型的应用范围。     

倒数累加生成灰色GRM(1,1)模型及应用

相对传统的累加生成提出倒数累加生成的定义 ,并给出其灰色 GRM( 1,1)模型及其在药物动力学中的应用 .为建立灰色模型提供了新的生成方法     

An improved seasonal rolling grey forecasting model using a cycle truncation accumulated generating operation for traffic flow

Accurate real-time prediction of urban traffic flows is one of the most important problems in traffic management and control optimization research. Short-term traffic flow has complex stochastic and nonlinear characteristics, and it shows a similar seasonality within intraday and weekly trends. Based on these properties, we propose an improved binding cycle truncation accumulated generating operation seasonal grey rolling forecasting model. In the new model, the traffic flow sequence of seasonal fluctuation is converted to a flat sequence using the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation. Then, grey modeling of the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation sequence weakens the stochastic disturbances and highlights the intrinsic grey exponential law after the sequence is accumulated. Finally, rolling forecasts of the limited data reflect the new information priority and timeliness of the grey prediction. Two numerical traffic flow examples from China and Canada, including four groups at different time intervals (1 h, 15 min, 10 min, and 5 min), are used to verify the performance of the new model under different traffic flow conditions. The prediction results show that the model has good adaptability and stability and can effectively predict the seasonal variations in traffic flow. In 15 or 10 min traffic flow forecasts, the proposed model shows better performance than the autoregressive moving average model, wavelet neural network model and seasonal discrete grey forecasting model.     

优化灰导数白化值的无偏灰色GM(1,1)模型

通过优化灰导数白化值 ,建立了无偏的 GM(1,1)模型 ,给出了估计模型参数的方法 ,证明了无偏GM(1,1)模型具有白指数律重合性 ,提出了新的预测公式 .实例分析表明 ,新方法提高了模型的精度 ,扩大了模型的适用范围 .     

A research on the grey prediction model GM(1,n)

The grey theory can be applied in the research of prediction, decision-making and control, especially in prediction. The primary characteristic of a grey system is the incompleteness of information. A grey system could be whitened by way of inserting more messages in itself and its accuracy of prediction could be raised. The solution to the existing grey prediction model GM(1,n) is inaccurate and then its prediction accuracy cannot be expected. To solve the existing GM(1,n) by assuming step by step the first order accumulated generating operation data of the associated series to be constants is incorrect. The existing model GM(1,n) is seriously wrong even for a system having a nonnegative associated series with constant entries. There are currently only a few wrong papers based on the existing GM(1,n) model to be published. Almost all the improved prediction models based on the existing GM(1,n) model are correct. For example, the improved models are correct by convolution integral or fitting their forcing terms by several elementary functions. The algorithm of GMC(1,n) is applied to explain why the existing GM(1,n) model is incorrect in this article.     

对白化方程优化的一类新信息灰色GM(1,1)模型研究

通过对一类灰色GM(1,1)模型中的白化方程进行优化,同时利用灰色系统理论中的新信息原理,得到了一种改进的灰色GM(1,1)模型.最后,实例分析结果表明,该改进模型具有更高的预测精度和实用性.     

组合GM(1,1)幂模型及其应用

GM(1,1)幂模型是灰色Verhulst模型的推广.由于初始条件选取影响GM(1,1)幂模型的精度,将平均相对误差函数分别看成是幂指数、发展系数、灰作用量的函数,利用蚁群算法进行参数辨识,从而建立多个单项GM(1,1)幂模型.利用这些单项模型建立了线性组合GM(1,1)幂模型,组合权系数利用最大相对误差最小化原则采用粒子群算法确定.实例表明,组合GM(1,1)幂模型的建模精度高于传统GM(1,1)幂模型,同时也说明方法是有效的和可行的,具有重要的理论意义.     

On the properties of small sample of GM(1,1) model

In grey prediction modeling, the more samples selected the more errors. This paper puts forward new explanations of “incomplete information and small sample” of grey systems and expands the suitable range of grey system theory. Based on the geometric sequence, it probes into the influence on the relative errors by selecting the different sample sizes. The research results indicate that to the non-negative increasing monotonous exponential sequence, the more samples selected, the more average relative errors. To the non-negative decreasing monotonous exponential sequence, a proper sample number exists that has the least average relative error. When the initial value of the sequence of raw data of new information GM(1,1) model changes, the development coefficient remains unchanged. The segmental correction new information GM(1,1) model (SNGM) can obviously improve the simulation accuracy. It puts forward the mathematic proofs that the small sample usually has more accuracy than the large sample when establishing GM(1,1) model in theory.     

基于改进的GM(1,1)-Markov链组合模型广东省单位GDP能耗预测

本文以灰色系统理论的GM(1,1)模型和随机过程理论的Markov链模型为基础构建了一个动态GM(1,1)-Markov链组合预测模型。该模型同时利用了GM(1,1)模型对序列趋势因素良好的拟合能力和Markov链模型对残差序列信息的提取能力。为进一步提高该模型的预测精度,用泰勒(Taylor)近似方法和新信息优先的思想对该模型进行了改进。最后,以1991-2014年广东省单位GDP能耗数据实证了该模型的预测效果。