质量调整的价格指数编制中hedonic插补法的应用

在数据缺失的情况下,插补法是一种常用的推断缺失数据的方法。在价格指数的编制中,在基期存在的产品可能在报告期从市面上消失,或者报告期出现了新产品。这都可以看作是数据缺失的情形。同时由于前后时期产品质量发生变化,所编制的价格指数中可能包含"质量变化偏差"。Hedonic插补法将hedonic方法与缺失数据的插补方法结合起来,既处理了缺失数据,又克服了价格指数中的质量变化偏差。本文讨论了hedonic插补法的多种可能形式,并比较了各种方法的特点。本文还利用中国笔记本电脑的数据编制了hedonic插补价格指数,进行了相关的实证分析。     

基于主成分分析的成分数据缺失值插补法

本文针对成分数据的特殊几何结构,提出了两种新方法对成分数据缺失值进行插补.一种是用单形空间的均值进行插补,主要是用Aitchison足巨离找到含缺失值样本的k个近邻样本,再结合单形空间中的加法运算与数乘运算,用单形空间上的均值对成分数据的缺失值进行插补;另一种是用主成分回归方法进行插补,先将用第一种方法进行初始插补的成分数据经过等距对数比变换变成普通数据,再用主成分回归进行第二次插补.实例分析和实验模拟结果表明:与k近邻插补法、迭代的最小二乘插补法相比较,本文提出的主成分插补法更优.     

二分类Logistic回归插补法及其应用

在实际的调查数据和实验数据中,经常会出现数据缺失的问题,插补方法是处理缺失数据的一种常用的技术方法.对于目标变量是二分类的定性变量时,可以采用Logistic回归插补法进行插补,采用一套高中生进入大学学习影响因素分析的模拟数据进行实证分析,探讨了Logi8tic回归插补法的一些特点.     

不完全数据下的分位数估计

本文主要讨论了响应数据缺失时基于无偏估计方程的分位数估计.本文提出了两种非参光滑技术的插补(imputation)方法,一种是整体非参核插补法,另一种是局部多重插补法.我们可以利用这两种方法构造渐近无偏估计方程.通过该缺失数据下的估计方程,我们可以利用常用的估计方法对未知分位数进行统计推断.本文证明了该方法下的分位数估计具有相合性和渐近正态性.     

随机缺失数据下的时间序列分析建模

在时间序列建模过程中,数据的缺失会极大地影响模型的准确性,因此对缺失数据的填补尤为重要.选取北京市空气质量指数(AQI)数据。将其随机缺失10%.分别利用EM算法和polyfit直线拟合的方法对缺失值插补,补全数据后建立ARMA模型并作预测分析.结果表明,利用polyfit函数插补法具有较好的结果.     

巧用“割补”法探求二面角

<正>割补法就是通过对图形的分割或补形,将复杂图形简单化、非规则图形规则化,并解决问题的一种方法.在立体几何中,恰当地运用割补法解题,不仅有助于培养学生的空间想象能力,同时也有助于培养同学们的分析问题、解决问题的能力.     

巧用割补法

在立体几何的求积问题中，割补法是一种常用的方法．我们常常把不熟悉或者难以体现直观性的几何体通过割补法，转化为比较熟悉、直观性更好的几何体．例如，把斜棱柱割补成直棱柱、把三棱柱补成平行六面体、把三棱锥补成三棱柱或平行六面体、把多面体切割成锥体(特别是三棱锥)、把不规则的几何体割补成规则的几何体…从而把未知的转化为已知的、把陌生的转化为熟悉的、把复杂的转化为简单的、把不够直观的转化为直观易懂的．     

两种典型方法解决与体积相关问题

对于空间几何体,一般情况下求体积都能直接应用体积公式来解决,但是对于一些特例问题则不能直接解决,下面介绍两种方法来解决与体积相关问题.1.用"割补法"解决不规则几何体的体积一般地说,对于不是常见的柱、锥、台、球,通常有两种方法,一是将其分割,把它分割成若干个能直接应用公式求体积的几何体,二是在原来的几何体的基础上补形,补成一个能直接应用公式求体积的几何体,不过此时要求所补部分的体积易求或能够用所求几何体的体积来表示,通常把上述方法称为"割补法".     

割补法的巧用

将一个不规则的几何体补（割）成一个规则的几何体（如棱柱、棱锥等）,或将一个规则的几何体补（割）成一个容易求解的几何体,以便求解其中的距离、角、体积等,这一类方法叫做几何体的割补法．下面简要介绍一下空间几何体的表面积和体积运算中常见的几种割补方法技巧．     

“拆补法”解题例谈

“拆补法”是数学解题中常用的方法,但有时会被人们所忽视,“拆补法”既可揭示化难为易的思维规律,又能体现以退求进的解题策略、充分挖掘题目的隐含条件,恰当施行“拆补”技巧,把内容与形式结合起来思考,把方法与知识配合起来推进,使我们的解题思路更加灵活,解题过程更加完美.本文仅举几例,以飨读者.     

New imputation methods for missing data using quantiles

The problem of missing values commonly arises in data sets, and imputation is usually employed to compensate for non-response. We propose a novel imputation method based on quantiles, which can be implemented with or without the presence of auxiliary information. The proposed method is extended to unequal sampling designs and non-uniform response mechanisms. Iterative algorithms to compute the proposed imputation methods are presented. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to assess the performance of the proposed imputation methods with respect to alternative imputation methods. Simulation results indicate that the proposed methods perform competitively in terms of relative bias and relative root mean square error.     

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Dealing with the missing values is an important object in the field of data mining. Besides, the properties of compositional data lead to that traditional imputation methods may get undesirable result if they are directly used in this type of data. As a result, the management of missing values in compositional data is of great significant. To solve this problem, this paper uses the relationship between compositional data and Euclidean data, and proposes a new method based on Random Forest for missing values in compositional data. This method has been implemented and evaluated using both simulated and real-world databases, then the experimental results reveal that the new imputation method can be widely used in various types of data sets and has good performance than other methods.     

Model checking for partially linear models with missing responses at random

In this paper, we investigate the model checking problem for a partial linear model while some responses are missing at random. By imputation and marginal inverse probability weighted methods, two completed data sets are constructed. Based on the two completed data sets, we build two empirical process-based tests for examining the adequacy of partial linearity of the model. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics under the null hypothesis and local alternative hypotheses are obtained respectively. A re-sampling approach is applied to obtain the approximation to the null distributions of the test statistics. Simulation results show that the proposed tests work well and both proposed methods have better finite sample properties compared with the complete case (CC) analysis which discards all the subjects with missing data.     

复杂设计下类均值复制与类加权均值复制的比较（英文）

复制数据是处理抽样调查中数据项目缺失的一种常用方法。在两种常见模型及复杂抽样设计下，本文对处理数据项目缺失的类均值复制和类加权均值复制方法进行了对比。     

缺失数据的插补调整

插补是另一类对缺失数据进行调整 ,以减小估计偏差的方法。本文介绍的插补方法有 :演绎估计 ,均值插补 ,随机插补 ,回归插补和多重插补     

The additive model affected by missing completely at random in the covariate

Summary  The main purpose of this paper is a comparison of several imputation methods within the simple additive modelty =f(x) + ε where the independent variableX is affected by missing completely at random. Besides the well-known complete case analysis, mean imputation plus random noise, single imputation and two kinds of nearest neighbor imputations are used. A short introduction to the model, the missing mechanism, the inference, the imputation methods and their implementation is followed by the main focus—the simulation experiment. The methods are compared within the experiment based on the sample mean squared error, estimated variances and estimated biases off(x) at the knots.     

抽样调查中缺失数据的插补方法

在抽样调查等实际问题中,经常出现数据缺失.针对这类问题,通常的处理方法之一是对数据进行插补。本文综述了抽样调查中处理缺失数据常用的插补方法。重点讨论了单一插补的方差估计与多重插补的简化计算以及使用回答概率的单一插补等。最后讨论目前插补所面临的问题与其发展方向.     

Model,properties and imputation method of missing SNP genotype data utilizing mutual information

Mutual information can be used as a measure for the association of a genetic marker or a combination of markers with the phenotype. In this paper, we study the imputation of missing genotype data. We first utilize joint mutual information to compute the dependence between SNP sites, then construct a mathematical model in order to find the two SNP sites having maximal dependence with missing SNP sites, and further study the properties of this model. Finally, an extension method to haplotype-based imputation is proposed to impute the missing values in genotype data. To verify our method, extensive experiments have been performed, and numerical results show that our method is superior to haplotype-based imputation methods. At the same time, numerical results also prove joint mutual information can better measure the dependence between SNP sites. According to experimental results, we also conclude that the dependence between the adjacent SNP sites is not necessarily strongest.     

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In this paper, considering of the special geometry of compositional data, two new methods for estimating missing values in compositional data are introduced. The first method uses the mean in the simplex space which mainly finds the-nearest neighbor procedure based on the Aitchison distance, combining with two basic operations on the simplex, perturbation and powering. As a second proposal the principal component regression imputation method is introduced which initially starts from the result of the proposed the mean in the simplex. The method uses ilr transformation to transform the compositional data set, and then uses principal component regression in a transformed space. The proposed methods are tested on real data and simulated data sets, the results show that the proposed methods work well.     

An Imputation Method for Missing Data in Compositional Based on Epanechnikov Kernel

Kernel function method has been successfully used for the estimation of a variety of function. By using the kernel function theory, an imputation method based on Epanechnikov kernel and its modification were proposed to solve the problem that missing data in compositional caused the failures of existing statistical methods and the k-nearest imputation didn't consider the different contributions of the k nearest samples when it used them to estimated the missing data. The experimental results illustrate that the modified imputation method based on Epanechnikov kernel get a more accurate estimation than k-nearest imputation for compositional data.