基于EEMD的LS-SVM和BP神经网络混合短期负荷预测

提出了基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)、最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)和BP神经网络的实用综合短期负荷预测方法,进行电力系统短期负荷预测.首先运用EEMD方法将非平稳的负荷序列分解,然后根据分解后各分量的特点选用最佳的核函数,利用最小二乘支持向量机分别对各分量进行预测,最后对各分量预测结果采用BP神经网络重构得到最终的预测结果.对实测数据的分析表明基于该综合方法的电力系统短期负荷预测具有较高的精度.     

基于独立分量分析——最小二乘支持向量机的公路建设项目投资估算新模型

为快速、准确地进行公路建设项目投资估算,提出了一种新型的公路建设项目投资估算模型.该模型首先基于独立分量分析技术,根据最小互信息原理,有效分离出公路建设项目投资估算的独立影响因素源.然后,将这些独立影响因素源用于最小二乘支持向量机的训练,从而建立了基于独立分量分析技术—最小二乘支持向量机的公路建设项目投资估算模型.该模型将独立分量分析技术的盲信号分离能力与最小二乘支持向量机处理有限样本条件下非线性回归问题的优势有机结合,提高了模型预测的准确性.     

电网项目融资租赁信用评价混合模型的新研究

电网建设工程通过项目融资租赁进行快速融资的同时,给租赁公司带来巨大的信用风险.通过事前对承租人进行信用评价,能够有效降低信用风险损失.针对电网企业信用评价的多属性非线性特征,提出了基于独立分量分析技术-支持向量机的信用评价混合模型.首先,采用独立分量分析技术对信用属性数据进行属性重构,实现属性数据的去噪.然后,将重构后的新信用属性数据用于支持向量机的训练建模.最后,通过实例模拟对比分析了独立分量分析技术对支持向量机分类的有效性.结果表明,独立分量分析技术能够改善信用属性数据特征,并且在多属性分类问题中,独立分量分析技术有助于提高支持向量机分类的准确率.     

基于灰色神经网络的企业风险特征指标动态预测方法研究

根据企业风险特征指标预测问题的特点,提出将灰色系统GM(1,1)模型与神经网络结合建立一阶灰色神经网络预测模型,以实现系统预测的动态性及提高系统的预测精度.但该模型具有一定的局限性,从模型参数的角度给出了该模型只适用于具有"单调"性数据的证明,进而提出了三阶灰色神经网络预测模型,以适应预测数据"非单调"或摆动的情况.但随着系统建模过程中阶数的增加,预测精度会有所下降,因此应根据数据特点选择预测模型.最后,通过实证分析验证了上述模型及证明结论.     

基于主分量分析和BP神经网络的个人信用评估模型

运用基于主分量分析和神经网络(PCA-NN)的个人信用评估模型以期取得更好的预测分类能力.经实证分析及与SVM方法、线性判别分析、Logistic回归分析、最近邻估计、分类回归树及神经网络等方法的对比,结果表明,该方法有很好的预测效果.     

基于小波神经网络与ARIMA组合模型在股票预测中的应用

为了实现对股票价格变化的短期预测,提出了一种基于小波神经网络(WNN)与自回归积分滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的组合预测模型.将股票的收盘价序列数据划分为线性以及非线性(误差项)两个部分,分别利用统计学中ARIMA模型和小波神经网络分别对两部分数据进行预测并得到结果,将两部分结果组合相加合成为整个股票价格的预测结果.实验结果表明该组合模型在预测精度方面有提高,是一种比较有效的预测模型.     

GRNN和PNN模型在信用风险评估中的应用

广义回归神经网络GRNN和概率神经网络PNN,与传统的BP神经网络相比,收敛速度快,学习能力强.本文将其应用到信用风险评估,选取1057组公司财务数据作为训练数据,350组数据作为测试数据,分别建立基于不同属性的模型对样本公司财务状况评判其是守信公司还是违约公司,最终选取精度较高的作为最终模型对财务系统进行预测.结果表明,PNN对于信用风险评估泛化能力好,测试集正确率高,因此可以用作风险预警的模型,给决策者提供智力支持.     

改进型LOBNN & AR-GARCH模型在股票预测中的应用

为实现对股票价格的短期预测,本文在Laguerre正交基神经网络 (LOBNN)模型的基础上,提出了一种新的组合预测模型来预测短期股价的变化。该模型先通过改进LOBNN模型的权值求解算法,用以增强模型的通用性。接着在其基础上设计新的迭代算法,进一步提高模型的预测精度,进而得到新的LOBNN模型。之后将股价数据分别代入AR-GARCH模型和改进后的LOBNN模型,得到输入数据的两组预测值。最后通过不同的权重来组合两种预测结果,生成最终股价的预测结果。文末的仿真结果表明该组合模型在预测精度与通用性上较原始模型有较大的提升,是一种高效的预测模型。     

基于BSA-ELM模型的建筑工程施工成本预测研究

针对建筑工程施工成本管理中成本难以预测的问题,提出用鸟群算法(BSA)优化极限学习机(ELM)模型的参数.首先,利用BSA对ELM模型的输入权值和偏置值进行优化;其次,构建出BSA-ELM建筑工程施工成本预测模型;最后,将BSA-ELM模型与实际工程施工成本数据相结合进行验证.结果表明:模型在成本预测中的精度比ELM模型、CSO-ELM模型、PSO-ELM模型和BP神经网络模型预测精度高,也为类似预测问题提供了一种新的预测方法.     

智能制造模式下基于改进BP-ARIMA组合模型产品需求预测方法

为有效预测智能制造模式下的不确定性需求,提出自回归移动平均模型ARIMA和改进BP神经网络的组合模型,对预测数据中包含线性规律的Lt以及非线性规律的ε_t进行模拟和分析,以解决预测有效性和精度问题.通过数据样本构建,对ARIMA模型结构进行辨识,确定p,d,q参数,并对模型进行诊断和检验;在此基础上进行需求数据一次预测;通过连接权值的修正降低BP神经网络学习误差,并对一次预测结果与原需求数据样本存在的误差进行二次预测.实例数据分析表明:组合模型的预测精度较ARIMA模型有显著提高,因此组合预测模型在预测效果上具有合理性和有效性.     

An extended grey forecasting model for omnidirectional forecasting considering data gap difference

To achieve effective and efficient decision making in a highly competitive business environment, an enterprise must have an appropriate forecasting technique that can meet the requirements of both timeliness and accuracy. Accordingly, in the early stages, building a forecasting model with incomplete information and limited samples is very important to a business. Grey system theory is one of the prediction methods that can be built with a small sample and yet has a strong ability to make short-term predictions. The purpose of this study is to come up with an improved forecasting model based on the concept of this theory to enlarge the applicability of the grey forecasting model in various situations. By extending the data transforming approach, this method generalizes a building procedure for the grey model to grasp the data outline and information trend. Specifically, a novel inverse accumulating generation operator is developed to enable omnidirectional forecasting. The research utilizes observations of the titanium alloy fatigue limit along with temperature changes as raw data to verify the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that not only can this method expand the application scope of the grey forecasting model, but also improve its forecasting accuracy.     

基于统一灰色生成算子的三参数离散灰色预测模型及其应用

现有三参数离散灰色预测模型的累加阶数取值范围局限于正实数,导致模型建模能力和作用空间受限。为此,论文首先引入实数域统一灰色生成算子;然后,基于统一灰色生成算子构造了新型三参数离散灰色预测模型,实现了其阶数从正实数到全体实数的拓展与优化,从而使得新型模型具备挖掘时序数据积分特性与差异信息的双重功能;最后,将该新模型应用于某装甲装备维修经费的建模,结果显示其精度优于其它同类灰色模型。本研究成果对完善灰色算子基础理论及提高灰色预测模型建模能力具有重要价值。     

Improving weighted information criterion by using optimization

Although artificial neural networks (ANN) have been widely used in forecasting time series, the determination of the best model is still a problem that has been studied a lot. Various approaches available in the literature have been proposed in order to select the best model for forecasting in ANN in recent years. One of these approaches is to use a model selection strategy based on the weighted information criterion (WIC). WIC is calculated by summing weighted different selection criteria which measure the forecasting accuracy of an ANN model in different ways. In the calculation of WIC, the weights of different selection criteria are determined heuristically. In this study, these weights are calculated by using optimization in order to obtain a more consistent criterion. Four real time series are analyzed in order to show the efficiency of the improved WIC. When the weights are determined based on the optimization, it is obviously seen that the improved WIC produces better results.     

Discrete grey forecasting model and its optimization

Although the grey forecasting model has been successfully adopted in various fields and demonstrated promising results, the literatures show its performance could be further improved. For this purpose, this paper proposes a novel discrete grey forecasting model termed DGM model and a series of optimized models of DGM. This paper modifies the algorithm of GM(1, 1) model to enhance the tendency catching ability. The relationship between the two models and the forecasting precision of DGM model based on the pure index sequence is discussed. And further studies on three basic forms and three optimized forms of DGM model are also discussed. As shown in the results, the proposed model and its optimized models can increase the prediction accuracy. When the system is stable approximately, DGM model and the optimized models can effectively predict the developing system. This work contributes significantly to improve grey forecasting theory and proposes more novel grey forecasting models.     

A Novel Fuzzy Document Based Information Retrieval Model for Forecasting

Information retrieval systems are generally used to find documents that are most appropriate according to some query that comes dynamically from users. In this paper a novel Fuzzy Document based Information Retrieval Model (FDIRM) is proposed for the purpose of Stock Market Index forecasting. The novelty of proposed approach is a modified tf-idf scoring scheme to predict the future trend of the stock market index. The contribution of this paper has two dimensions, 1) In the proposed system the simple time series is converted to an enriched fuzzy linguistic time series with a unique approach of incorporating market sentiment related information along with the price and 2) A unique approach is followed while modeling the information retrieval (IR) system which converts a simple IR system into a forecasting system. From the performance comparison of FDIRM with standard benchmark models it can be affirmed that the proposed model has a potential of becoming a good forecasting model. The stock market data provided by Standard & Poor’s CRISIL NSE Index 50 (CNX NIFTY-50 index) of National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) is used to experiment and validate the proposed model. The authentic data for validation and experimentation is obtained from http://www.nseindia.com which is the official website of NSE. A java program is under construction to implement the model in real-time with graphical users’ interface.     

基于LS-SVM的管道腐蚀速率灰色组合预测模型

为提高管道腐蚀速率预测精度,建立了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的灰色组合预测模型.以各种灰色模型对管道腐蚀速率的预测结果作为支持向量机的输入,以管道腐蚀速率的实测值作为支持向量机的输出,采用最小二乘支持向量机回归算法和高斯核函数对支持向量机进行训练,利用训练好的支持向量机进行组合预测.预测模型兼具灰色模型所需原始数据少、建模简单、运算方便的优势和最小二乘支持向量机具有泛化能力强、非线性拟合性好、小样本等特性,弥补了单一预测模型的不足,避免了神经网络组合预测易于陷入局部最优的弱点.模型结构简单、实用,仿真结果验证了其有效性.     

基于改进灰色关联度的IOWA算子最优组合预测模型

通过引进诱导有序加权平均(IOWA)算子和改进灰色关联度的计算式,提出了新的基于改进灰色关联度的IOWA算子的组合预测模型.方法可以克服传统的组合预测方法赋予不变的加权平均系数和以单一误差指标作为预测精度衡量的缺陷.定义基于改进灰色关联度的IOWA算子的优性组合预测的概念,最后给出实例分析表明了新模型能有效地提高组合预测精度.     

Info-gap forecasting and the advantage of sub-optimal models

We consider forecasting in systems whose underlying laws are uncertain, while contextual information suggests that future system properties will differ from the past. We consider linear discrete-time systems, and use a non-probabilistic info-gap model to represent uncertainty in the future transition matrix. The forecaster desires the average forecast of a specific state variable to be within a specified interval around the correct value. Traditionally, forecasting uses a model with optimal fidelity to historical data. However, since structural changes are anticipated, this is a poor strategy. Our first theorem asserts the existence, and indicates the construction, of forecasting models with sub-optimal-fidelity to historical data which are more robust to model error than the historically optimal model. Our second theorem identifies conditions in which the probability of forecast success increases with increasing robustness to model error. The proposed methodology identifies reliable forecasting models for systems whose trajectories evolve with Knightian uncertainty for structural change over time. We consider various examples, including forecasting European Central Bank interest rates following 9/11.     

Point and interval forecasting for carbon price based on an improved analysis-forecast system

Effective analysis and forecasting of carbon prices, which is an essential endeavor for the carbon trading market, is still considered a difficult task because of the nonlinearity and nonstationarity inherent in carbon prices. Previous studies have failed at the analysis and interval prediction of carbon prices and are limited to point forecasts. Therefore, an improved carbon price analysis and forecasting system that consists of an analysis module and a forecasting module is established in this study; more importantly, the forecasting module includes point forecasting and interval forecasting as well. Aimed at investigating the characteristics of the carbon price series, a chaotic analysis based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent is performed, the determination of appropriate distribution functions based on our newly proposed hybrid optimization algorithm is conducted, and different distribution functions are effectively designed in the analysis module. Furthermore, in the point forecasting model, the phase space reconstruction technique is applied to reconstruct the sequences decomposed by variational mode decomposition due to the chaotic characteristics of the carbon price series, and the reconstructed sequences are considered as the optimal input–output variables of the forecasting model. Then, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model is trained by the newly proposed hybrid optimization algorithm, which is developed for the first time in the domain of carbon price point forecasting. Moreover, based on the results of point forecasting and the distribution function of the carbon price series determined by the analysis module, the interval forecasting results can be obtained and implemented to provide more reliable information for decision making. Empirical results based on the carbon price data of the European Union Emissions Trading System and Shenzhen of China demonstrate that the proposed system achieves better results than other benchmark models in point forecasting as well as interval forecasting.