基于时变Copula模型的 基金收益率相依关系的应用研究

基于时变Copula模型,获得预测方差,确定单个基金收益率序列的边缘分布.利用常见的静态Copula和时变Copula模型对基金收益率序列间两两相依关系进行建模并进行对比分析.应用研究表明,基于MCMC方法的时变Copula模型能更有效地度量基金收益率序列的风险.     

股票市场组合的市场风险度量研究——基于相关性模型

利用Copula的特点,灵活选择边缘分布模型、Copula函数和时变参数演化方程,构建16个相关性模型.在此基础上,通过蒙特卡罗模拟,采用VaR和ES度量资产组合的市场风险,并通过回测检验比较不同模型的风险度量效果.以沪深300指数和恒生指数为样本构建投资组合进行实证研究,结果表明,边缘分布模型、Copula时变参数演化方程和Copula函数的选择会影响风险度量的精度.在构建的16个相关性模型中,边缘分布为MSM-EVT,时变参数演化方程为GAS模型,Copula函数为Rotated Gumbel Copula的MSM-EVT-R-GAS模型风险度量效果最好.     

金融时变高阶矩建模及其风险测度研究:基于收益率分解的方法

本文基于收益率分解方法,将收益率表示成符号部分和绝对值部分的乘积形式,通过对符号部分、绝对值部分以及这两部分间的相关性分别进行时变性设定,构建了动态收益率分解(DRD)模型来刻画收益率的高阶矩动态特征。该模型能灵活地设置条件偏度和条件峰度的时变演化方式,还能通过对符号部分和绝对值部分间相关性的时变Copula设定来刻画收益率变动的非线性特征,因而使得该模型对收益率的预测具有优势。本文还利用上证综合指数和深证成份指数的收益率数据对DRD模型进行了实证研究,结果表明:两种股指收益率序列均表现出了显著的高阶矩动态特征,条件偏度和条件峰度存在一定程度的波动聚集特征。相较于其他时变高阶矩模型,DRD模型不仅具有更好的样本内模型拟合效果,而且在样本外的风险价值预测和经济价值评价等方面均表现出一定的优越性。     

基于时变扭曲混合Copula模型的股票市场间风险传染分析——以中美贸易争端为背景

在扭曲混合Copula和时变Copula理论基础上构建了时变扭曲混合Copula模型,并利用该模型对中国内地、美国、中国香港三地股票市场之间尾部风险传染效应在中美贸易争端前后是否发生显著变化进行了分析.实证研究结果表明:在中美贸易争端发生后三地之间的下尾相关系数都出现了增大的趋势,特别是中国内地与香港的下尾相关性在该事件之后急剧增强,说明中美贸易争端加大了两国三地股票市场之间发生风险传染的可能性;时变扭曲混合Copula模型相比于其他混合Copula模型具有更好的数据拟合效果.     

基于Clayton Copula-GARCH模型投资组合VaR的度量

运用Copula方法研究了含股指期货的投资组合的风险度量问题.首先采用不同的GARCH模型对单个资产收益率建模,然后选择Clayton Copula函数来描述投资组合各资产之间的相关结构,建立联合分布模型,进而采用Monte Carlo方法模拟产生各资产的收益率序列,计算出投资组合的VaR.Kupiec检验表明,ClaytonCopula-GARCH模型在投资组合风险度量上具有较高的准确性.     

基于Copula贝叶斯估计的行业风险差异分析

通过对常替代弹性资本资产定价模型中投资标度问题的分析,提出了Copula贝叶斯估计方法用以获得系统风险β与投资标度比λ的联合后验分布.Copula贝叶斯估计方法针对数据非正态特征及强相关性特征而构建,采用Copula函数取代原有普通贝叶斯估计方法中的正态假设.传统贝叶斯估计方法假设了正态的似然函数,忽略了数据可能存在尖峰后尾等在金融实证数据分析中普遍存在的非正态情况.Copula贝叶斯估计算法采用半相依回归法处理数据的强相关性问题,将原有函数依照数据形式假设为非正态结构.针对来自6个工业产业24组公司数据的系统风险参数β与其对应的投资标度参数比λ进行估计,获得不同行业中系统风险参数与投资标度之间的动态关系并进行分析,为业界投资及相关研究提供有效参考建议.     

基于扭曲混合Copula和ARMA-GARCH-t模型的投资组合风险分析——以上证综指、中证综合债和上证基金为例

利用扭曲混合Copula和ARMA-GARCH-t模型,对包含2015年股灾和2016年熔断期间的上证综指、中证综合债和上证基金的投资组合风险相关性进行建模分析。研究表明:扭曲混合Copula模型较混合Copula模型能更好地拟合各资产日收益率间的相关结构,尤其是"厚尾"特性。并运用蒙特卡罗模拟法计算各资产的风险价值、预期损失和中位数损失并讨论其差异性,以期为关注风险管理的人们提供更多借鉴。     

房地产板块与金融板块指数相关性研究——基于Copula-Kermel模型的分析

近年来,房地产市场与金融市场的关联关系越来越紧密.选取2001年7月3日至2011年9月30日房地产板块与金融板块指数日收益率数据,利用非参数核密度估计单指数收益率的边缘分布,采用Copula方法定量刻画两者的相关结构及尾部相关性.实证结果表明:T-Student-Copula是描述房地产和金融板块指数日收益率的最佳Copula函数形式,且两者具有较强的上尾和下尾相关关系,因此投资者不能通过投资这两类股票降低投资组合风险.另外,政府在制定宏观经济政策时,一方面需注意在采取措施促进金融行业发展时,要防范房地产泡沫的加剧,另一方面还需注意在对房地产业进行调控时,要防止金融业的衰退.     

时变相关Copula模型在基金风格分析中的应用

基金的投资风格是投资者分析基金考虑的关键要素之一,传统的分析工具基本上局限于静态的、线性的分析方法.时变相关Copula模型作为一种新型的分析工具,不仅可以刻画基金和风格指数之间的相关结构,还能描述它们之间相关性的动态变化情况.首先对时变相关Copula模型的理论基础及建模步骤进行了详细阐述,然后随机选取几只市场综合排名靠前的基金,通过实证研究给出模型的参数估计结果,最后重点解释基金的投资风格划分依据.     

基于copula模型的沪深股市日收益率的相关性研究

由于沪深股市收益率具有非线性的特征,本文利用Copula函数从定量的角度刻画了上证综指和深证成指的日收益率序列的相关关系,研究表明,沪深股市日收益率序列呈现出很高的相关性,当沪深两市出现大幅震荡时,两市收益率的协同作用将大幅增强,Gaussian Copula函数更好的刻画了沪深股市收益率之间的秩相关性,Gumbel Copula函数在更好的刻画了两收益率序列的上尾相关性,而Clayton Copula函数在分析两序列的下尾相关性时较为出色,在平方欧氏距离标准下,t-Copula较好的拟合了沪深股市的日收益率序列。     

TVaR-based capital allocation with copulas

Because of regulation projects from control organisations such as the European solvency II reform and recent economic events, insurance companies need to consolidate their capital reserve with coherent amounts allocated to the whole company and to each line of business. The present study considers an insurance portfolio consisting of several lines of risk which are linked by a copula and aims to evaluate not only the capital allocation for the overall portfolio but also the contribution of each risk over their aggregation. We use the tail value at risk (TVaR) as risk measure. The handy form of the FGM copula permits an exact expression for the TVaR of the sum of the risks and for the TVaR-based allocations when claim amounts are exponentially distributed and distributed as a mixture of exponentials. We first examine the bivariate model and then the multivariate case. We also show how to approximate the TVaR of the aggregate risk and the contribution of each risk when using any copula.     

TVaR-based capital allocation with copulas

Because of regulation projects from control organisations such as the European solvency II reform and recent economic events, insurance companies need to consolidate their capital reserve with coherent amounts allocated to the whole company and to each line of business. The present study considers an insurance portfolio consisting of several lines of risk which are linked by a copula and aims to evaluate not only the capital allocation for the overall portfolio but also the contribution of each risk over their aggregation. We use the tail value at risk (TVaR) as risk measure. The handy form of the FGM copula permits an exact expression for the TVaR of the sum of the risks and for the TVaR-based allocations when claim amounts are exponentially distributed and distributed as a mixture of exponentials. We first examine the bivariate model and then the multivariate case. We also show how to approximate the TVaR of the aggregate risk and the contribution of each risk when using any copula.     

Valuation and hedging of participating life-insurance policies under management discretion

The valuation and hedging of participating life insurance policies, also known as with-profits policies, is considered. Such policies can be seen as European path-dependent contingent claims whose underlying security is the investment portfolio of the insurance company that sold the policy. The fair valuation of these policies is studied under the assumption that the insurance company has the right to modify the investment strategy of the underlying portfolio at any time. Furthermore, it is assumed that the issuer of the policy does not setup a separate portfolio to hedge the risk associated with the policy. Instead, the issuer will use its discretion about the investment strategy of the underlying portfolio to hedge shortfall risks. In that sense, the insurer’s investment portfolio serves simultaneously as the underlying security and as the hedge portfolio. This means that the hedging problem can not be separated from the valuation problem. We investigate the relationship between risk-neutral valuation and hedging of these policies in complete and incomplete financial markets.     

中国投资与消费不均衡发展的实证研究:基于因子-Copula模型

在现有对投资与消费关系研究缺乏定量研究的基础上,引入Copula函数来探讨投资与消费的变动关系。首先利用因子分析进行投资与消费高维指标的降维处理,这样有效避免了Copula函数在多维变量下的建模复杂性;接着利用半参数建模方法选择了Cumbel函数来描述当前二者的关系;结果显示当前我国投资与消费存在显著不均衡关系,同时二者具有非对称性、非线性等数量特征;最后对上述研究结论进行了经济解释分析。     

Optimal control and dependence modeling of insurance portfolios with Lévy dynamics

In this paper we are interested in optimizing proportional reinsurance and investment policies in a multidimensional Lévy-driven insurance model. The criterion is that of maximizing exponential utility. Solving the classical Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation yields that the optimal retention level keeps a constant amount of claims regardless of time and the company’s wealth level.A special feature of our construction is to allow for dependencies of the risk reserves in different business lines. Dependence is modeled via an Archimedean Lévy copula. We derive a sufficient and necessary condition for an Archimedean Lévy generator to create a multidimensional positive Lévy copula in arbitrary dimension.Based on these results we identify structure conditions for the generator and the Lévy measure of an Archimedean Lévy copula under which an insurance company reinsures a larger fraction of claims from one business line than from another.     

含不动产项目的保险公司再保险-投资策略

站在保险公司管理者的角度, 考虑存在不动产项目投资机会时保险公司的再保险--投资策略问题. 假定保险公司可以投资于不动产项目、风险证券和无风险证券, 并通过比例再保险控制风险, 目标是最小化保险公司破产概率并求得相应最佳策略, 包括: 不动产项目投资时机、 再保险比例以及投资于风险证券的金额. 运用混合随机控制-最优停时方法, 得到最优值函数及最佳策略的显式解. 结果表明, 当且仅当其盈余资金多于某一水平(称为投资阈值)时保险公司投资于不动产项目. 进一步的数值算例分析表明: (a)~不动产项目投资的阈值主要受项目收益率影响而与投资金额无明显关系, 收益率越高则投资阈值越低; (b)~市场环境较好(牛市)时项目的投资阈值降低; 反之, 当市场环境较差(熊市)时投资阈值提高.     

基于Copula函数的华南台风灾情重现期研究

利用1981-2014年华南台风灾情数据,选取受灾人口、农作物受灾面积和直接经济损失,应用Copula函数理论,计算灾情重现期,分析台风灾害的灾情.首先,借助Clayton Copula函数构造三变量的联合分布,计算单变量重现期、联合重现期及同现重现期,并求出该重现期下的设计值.计算结果表明联合重现期的设计值要优于单变量重现期和同现重现期的设计值．因此,选取联合重现期的设计值作为防灾标准的最优参考,并将联合重现期记为灾情重现期．然后,计算2015-2017年登陆华南台风灾害的灾情重现期,并对台风灾害的灾情进行分析．发现台风灾情重现期越长的台风造成的灾情越严重．最后,利用灾情重现期与致灾重现期对台风灾害的发生频率作综合性分析,可以为台风灾害的风险评估提供一种新思路．     

Optimal dividend and investing control of an insurance company with higher solvency constraints

This paper considers the optimal control problem of a large insurance company under a fixed insolvency probability. The company controls proportional reinsurance rate, dividend pay-outs and investing process to maximize the expected present value of the dividend pay-outs until the time of bankruptcy. This paper aims at describing the optimal return function as well as the optimal policy. As a by-product, the paper theoretically sets a risk-based capital standard to ensure the capital requirement that can cover the total risk.     

Optimal dividend and investing control of an insurance company with higher solvency constraints

This paper considers the optimal control problem of a large insurance company under a fixed insolvency probability. The company controls proportional reinsurance rate, dividend pay-outs and investing process to maximize the expected present value of the dividend pay-outs until the time of bankruptcy. This paper aims at describing the optimal return function as well as the optimal policy. As a by-product, the paper theoretically sets a risk-based capital standard to ensure the capital requirement that can cover the total risk.     

Optimal capital allocations to interdependent actuarial risks

This paper further studies the capital allocation concerning mutually interdependent random risks. In the context of exchangeable random risks, we establish that risk-averse insurers incline to evenly distribute the total capital among multiple risks. For risk-averse insurers with decreasing convex loss functions, we prove that more capital should be allocated to the risk with the larger reversed hazard rate when risks are coupled by an Archimedean copula. Also, sufficient conditions are developed to exclude the worst capital allocations for random risks with some specific Archimedean copulas.