马氏风险过程

研究了一般马氏风险过程,它是经典风险过程的拓广.具有大额索赔的风险过程用此马氏风险模型来描述是适合的.在此模型中,索赔到达过程由一点过程来描述,该点过程是一马氏跳过程从0到t时间段内的跳跃次数.主要研究了此风险模型的破产概率,得到了破产概率满足的积分方程,并应用本文引入的广更新方法,得到了破产概率的收敛速度上界.     

马氏环境下带扰动的Cox相关的风险模型破产概率的上界估计

本文讨论马氏环境下带随机扰动的保单数量过程与索赔次数过程Cox相关的风险模型.利用鞅方 法,给出了该风险模型的破产概率的指数上界.     

一类相依的双险种风险模型的破产问题

本文讨论了一类相关保险业务的风险过程,将相依索赔的风险过程转化为古典风险模型,得出最终破产概率的一般表达式.     

具有相关索赔风险模型的破产概率

本文考虑了具有两类索赔的风险模型,这两类索赔的计数过程是相关的Poisson过程和Erlang过程.通过Laplace变换方法,得到了该风险模型在索赔额为任意分布情形下破产概率的计算公式,并在索赔额为指数分布的情形下,得到了破产概率的精确表达式.     

一类推广的双险种复合Poisson风险模型的破产概率

本文研究了一类索赔计数过程相关的双险种Poisson风险模型.利用模型转化首先将该复杂模型转化为经典的风险模型,获得该模型破产概率所满足的积分方程,Lundberg上界表达式,及Cramér-Lundberg渐近估计式.当个体索赔具有指数分布时,推得了破产概率所满足的方程,并给出了具体的数值计算的实例.     

初论一类风险模型下的破产时刻罚金折现期望

考虑一类具有Poisson过程和Erlang(n)过程的风险模型的破产问题,该模型中保险公司具有两类保险,每类保险的理赔次数过程都是Poisson过程与一个共同的Erlang(n)过程的和.针对这类理赔相关的风险模型,就利息力为常数的情形得到破产时刻罚金折现期望的积分—微分方程.     

索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程的风险模型及破产概率

本文引入一类复合Poisson-Geometric分布,这类分布包括两个参数,是普通Poisson分布的一种推广,并在保险中有其实际的应用背景;基于此分布产生一个计数过程,称之为复合Poisson-Geometric过程.本文着重研究了索赔次数为复合Poisson-Geometric过程的风险模型,这种模型是经典风险模型的一个推广.针对此模型,本文给出了破产概率公式及更新方程.作为特例,当索赔额服从指数分布时,给出了破产概率的显式表达式.     

一类带干扰的多险种风险模型

本文考虑一类带干扰的两独立险种的风险模型,其中两索赔次数过程分别为Poisson过程和Elang(2)过程.主要得出该模型的生存概率所满足的积分-微分方程和破产概率的渐近性.     

一类常利率下的复合Poisson-Geometric过程风险模型

将文献[6]中常利率情况下的风险模型,推广为索赔来到过程为Poisson-Geometric过程的风险模型.给出了该模型初始资产为u时生存概率所满足的积分方程,并更正了文献[6]中的错误。     

二元复合Poisson风险模型的几个结果

本文研究具有相依关系的一类风险模型.得到了由不同类别的索赔产生的破产时赤字分布的渐近结果以及指数索赔下的精确结果.同时研究了带伽玛过程干扰的古典风险过程.     

ON A THEOREM OF A.A. LYAPUNOV

Abstract

In this note we obtain some extensions and an approximation of the Lyapunov convexity theorem by means of the bilinear integration of a set-valued function. The integration is performed successively with respect to a non-atomic, a direct sum and a Darboux vector measure. The necessary counterexamples are provided.     

A Priori and A Posteriori: A Bootstrapping Relationship

The distinction between a priori and a posteriori knowledge has been the subject of an enormous amount of discussion, but the literature is biased against recognizing the intimate relationship between these forms of knowledge. For instance, it seems to be almost impossible to find a sample of pure a priori or a posteriori knowledge. In this paper, it will be suggested that distinguishing between a priori and a posteriori is more problematic than is often suggested, and that a priori and a posteriori resources are in fact used in parallel. We will define this relationship between a priori and a posteriori knowledge as the bootstrapping relationship. As we will see, this relationship gives us reasons to seek for an altogether novel definition of a priori and a posteriori knowledge. Specifically, we will have to analyse the relationship between a priori knowledge and a priori reasoning, and it will be suggested that the latter serves as a more promising starting point for the analysis of aprioricity. We will also analyse a number of examples from the natural sciences and consider the role of a priori reasoning in these examples. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the concepts of a priori and a posteriori knowledge rather than the epistemic domain of a posteriori and a priori justification.     

有限群的一个类函数的模构造

本文研究了有限群上的一个类函数.通过计算它和不可约特征标的内积,证明了它是特征标并且通过复群代数的中心的正则表示给出了它的一个模构造.     

NAMING A COLUMN ON A SPREADSHEET

Spreadsheets use a meaningful algebra-like notation which, research suggests, can support pupils in developing an understanding of variables. This paper discusses the activity of Year 8 pupils who were taught to name a column on a spreadsheet, and who were asked to reflect upon their activity in a stimulated recall interview. More specifically, it considers the pupils' understanding of notation, such as 'A2' and 'm', which they used when constructing spreadsheet formulae. It is suggested that experience of naming columns may help pupils to develop a clearer sense of the notation as a variable, and to make links between their spreadsheet activity and use of standard algebraic notation [1].     

A REMARK ON A BMO MARTINGALE

Let M = (Mt,Ft) be a uniformly integrable continuous martingale with MO = 0. For1 5 p < cot we setIIMllBMO. = '3p II[E[IMoo ~ MTIplFT]]'/Pll.,where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T.Set BMO. = {M: IIMllBMO. < co}. It is well known that BMO. = BMO, (VI S p 5 q).F'urthermore, all 11.llBMO. norms are equivalent andIIi ~~if;llMllBMO. = SUP T P(T < co)i'where the supremum is taken over all stopping times T satisfying P(T < co) > 0. In the laterwe shall simply …     

A new characterization of A 5

Let G be a group and τ _e (G) the set of numbers of elements of G of the same order. In this paper, by τ _e (G), we give a new characterization of A ₅, where A ₅ is the alternating group of degree 5. We get the theorem following: Theorem. Let G be a group, ${G\cong A_5}$ if and only if τ _e (G) = τ _e (A ₅) = {1, 15, 20, 24}.