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1.
本文根据人类感染禽流感的两种可能途径,一是被带有禽流感病毒的禽感染;二是被感染禽流感病毒的人群感染,通过考虑人类易感者和禽类感染者以及人类易感者和人类感染者之间的传播关系,利用微分方程建立两类SI-SIR禽流感传染病模型.通过对模型的分析,得到疾病是否流行的阈值,即基本再生数,并利用Lyapunov函数以及La Salle不变原理证明两类模型平衡点的局部与全局渐近稳定性.  相似文献   

2.
考虑医疗机构容纳病人的有限性和治疗药物的有限性,建立和研究了一类具有治疗的禽流感传播的数学模型.给出了与禽类系统和人类系统对应的基本再生数的表达式;证明了当病人数量在治疗能力范围内时,禽类系统的基本再生数的大小决定了禽流感是否在禽类和人类中传播;当病人数量超出治疗能力范围时,禽类系统和人类系统对应的两个再生数的大小共同决定禽流感是否在禽类系统和人类系统中传播.  相似文献   

3.
研究了一类既包含高致病禽流感病毒,又包含低致病禽流感病毒的人禽动力学模型,还考虑到人类会对染病的禽类进行有针对性的宰杀.通过讨论得到了两个基本再生数R_1,R_2,并得到了无病平衡态和染病平衡态的全局稳定性条件.证明了当两类病毒还未共存时,可以通过有效治疗和宰杀禽类来控制疾病传播;当两类病毒已共存时,治疗和宰杀禽类反而会促使两类病毒共存,并发展为地方病.因此只有趁两类病毒还未共存时控制,才能可有效抑制禽流感在人类的传播.  相似文献   

4.
禽流感是一种能够感染人畜的传染性疾病,野生鸟类在禽流感的传播与流行中起到不可忽视的作用.建立常微分方程模型来刻画禽流感在人类及禽类中的动态传播规律.模型包含患病鸟类的迁入,并且禽类和人类数量是可变的.通过构造适当的Liapunov函数及LaSalle不变性原理证明了平衡点的局部及全局稳定性.在病鸟类迁入率不为零时,利用Poincare-Bendixson定理证明了地方病平衡点的全局渐进稳定性.还对模型进行了仿真及敏感性分析,讨论了含患病鸟类的迁入对禽流感流行的影响以及控制禽流感应采取的措施,为控制禽流感疫情提供理论基础.  相似文献   

5.
为了研究H7N9禽流感病毒的传播过程,考虑到有染病禽类输入和无染病禽类输入以及禽类的因病死亡率对模型的影响,得到禽类-人类动力学模型.针对两种不同的情况,得到了系统平衡点的存在性及基本再生数,并通过构造Lyapunov函数及利用Bendixson-Dulac定理给出了系统平衡点的稳定性条件.最后通过数值模拟验证了理论结果并给出了预防禽流感的有效措施.  相似文献   

6.
研究了新型H7N9禽流感病毒传播的禽类-人类动力学模型.模型考虑了媒体宣传对人们行为方式和生活习惯产生的影响,进而影响传染病的传播和控制,并加入了饱和治疗函数.通过数学分析得到了系统平衡点的存在性与基本再生数之间的关系,并证明了系统的无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的全局稳定性.  相似文献   

7.
H7N9型禽流感严重威胁人类健康和生命安全.为研究H7N9病毒的传播规律,提出了一个结合人群、家禽和环境中病毒之间相互作用的SI-V-SEIR禽流感传染病模型.通过动力学分析,给出基本再生数R0的表达式,并证明无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的稳定性.接着应用模型分析广东省2016年—2017年的H7N9疫情,获得疫情初期R0=18.8,此时禽类的接种率需达到94.7%才能控制病毒在禽类和环境中的传播,而采取措施后R0=0.14.结果表明,降低环境中的病毒载量、和禽类之间以及禽到人的传染率能有效地减少染病人数.  相似文献   

8.
近年来禽流感大肆流行不仅对人类健康造成了极大地威胁,同时也严重影响了我国家禽市场行业的发展.在本文中,我们考虑了禽流感病毒在人类和禽类种群中具有不同的潜伏期并且在潜伏期内染病者的生存概率不同,从而构建了一个时滞微分方程.通过分析该时滞系统的动力学性态,证明了系统平衡点的局部和全局渐近稳定性并获得了禽流感流行的阈值,最后通过数值模拟来说明如果减少染病禽类与易感禽类和易感人类的接触率,染病人数会随之减少;当接触率低于阈值时,禽流感会逐渐消失,反之会成为一种地方病在人群中流行.如果延长禽流感病毒在禽类和人类种群中的潜伏期,染病的人数则会随之减少;当潜伏期时滞高于阈值时,禽流感会逐渐消失,反之会成为一种地方病在人群中流行.  相似文献   

9.
禽流感是当前流行的一类复杂的疾病,它可以由动物传染给人类,因此为了研究它的流行性态和防治方案,建立了一类带有预防接种的传染病动力学模型.计算了基本再生数R0,通过分析这个模型,我们得到了如果当R0<1时,只存在一个无病平衡点,疾病消除;当R0>1时,存在惟一的地方病平衡点,即疾病流行.并且构造了适当的Liapunov函数证明了该模型的无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的全局稳定性.  相似文献   

10.
本文通过构建一类带有分段线性治疗函数的SEIS传染病传播模型研究有限的医疗资源对传染病传播的影响。理论结果表明,如果治疗能力较小,系统则会存在后向分支,且平衡态会出现双稳的情形.这意味着基本再生数小于1不能保证疾病灭绝.控制疾病的更好方法则是提高治疗成效和治疗能力.  相似文献   

11.
In this paper,a reaction-diffusion system is proposed to investigate avian-human influenza.Two free boundaries are introduced to describe the spreading frontiers of the avian influenza.The basic reproduction numbers rF0(t)and RF0(t)are defined for the bird with the avian influenza and for the human with the mutant avian influenza of the free boundary problem,respectively.Properties of these two time-dependent basic reproduction numbers are obtained.Sufficient conditions both for spreading and for vanishing of the avian influenza are given.It is shown that if rF0(0)<1 and the initial number of the infected birds is small,the avian influenza vanishes in the bird world.Furthermore,if rF0(0)<1 and RF0(0)<1,the avian influenza vanishes in the bird and human worlds.In the case that rF0(0)<1 and RF0(0)>1,spreading of the mutant avian influenza in the human world is possible.It is also shown that if rF0(t0)>1 for any t0>0,the avian influenza spreads in the bird world.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, a SI-SEIR type avian influenza epidemic model with psychological effect, nonlinear recovery rate and saturation inhibition effect is formulated to study the transmission and control of avian influenza virus. By setting the basic reproductive number as the threshold parameter and constructing Lyapunov function, Dulac function and using the Li-Muldowney''s geometry approach, we prove the local and global stability of disease-free equilibria and endemic equilibrium. Theoretical analysis are carried out to show the role of the saturation inhibition effect, psychological effect and effective medical resources in this model, and numerical simulations are also given to verify the results.  相似文献   

13.
A diffusive epidemic model is investigated. This model describes the transmission of avian influenza among birds and humans. The behavior of positive solutions to a reaction-diffusion system with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions are investigated. Sufficient conditions for the local and global asymptotical stability are given by spectral analysis and by using Lyapunov functional. Our result shows that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, if the contact rate for the susceptible birds and the contact rate for the susceptible humans are small. It suggests that the best policy to prevent the occurrence of a pandemic is not only to exterminate the infected birds with avian influenza but also to reduce the contact rate for susceptible humans with the individuals infected with mutant avian influenza. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.  相似文献   

14.
People have always attached importance to the prevention and the control of the epidemic disease. The study of the epidemic model provides us a powerful tool. Unfortunately the previous model cannot be applied to massive diseases, such as avian influenza. Therefore we need to revise the model. In this paper, we take the lead in using the stochastic differential equation with jumps to study the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic SIR model.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, an avian–human influenza epidemic model with diffusion, nonlocal delay and spatial homogeneous environment is investigated. This model describes the transmission of avian influenza among poultry, humans and environment. The behavior of positive solutions to a reaction–diffusion system with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is investigated. By means of linearization method and spectral analysis the local asymptotical stability is established. The global asymptotical stability for the poultry sub-system is studied by spectral analysis and by using a Lyapunov functional. For the full system, the global stability of the disease-free equilibrium is studied using the comparison Theorem for parabolic equations. Our result shows that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, whenever the contact rate for the susceptible poultry is small. This suggests that the best policy to prevent the occurrence of an epidemic is not only to exterminate the asymptomatic poultry but also to reduce the contact rate between susceptible humans and the poultry environment. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.  相似文献   

16.
We present a nonlinear fractional order epidemic model to investigate the spreading dynamical behavior of the avian influenza. The population of the model contains susceptible individuals, asymptomatic but infective latent individuals, and infective individuals. We first establish the existence, uniqueness, nonnegativity, and positive invariance of the solution, then we study the reproduction number of the model and the stability of the disease‐free equilibrium. We observe that the reproduction number varies with the order of the fractional derivative ν. In terms of epidemics, this suggests that varying ν induces a change in the avian's epidemic status. Furthermore, we derive the sufficient conditions for the existence and the stability of the endemic equilibrium. Finally, we carry out some numerical simulations to validate the analytical results. We find from simulations that the solution of the fractional order model tends to a stationary state over a longer period of time with decreasing the value of the fractional derivative, and the size of epidemic decreases with decreasing ν.  相似文献   

17.
Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is an epidemic caused by H5N1 virus that primarily affects birds like chickens, wild water birds, etc. On rare occasions, these can infect other species including pigs and humans. In the span of less than a year, the lethal strain of bird flu is spreading very fast across the globe mainly in South East Asia, parts of Central Asia, Africa and Europe. In order to study the patterns of spread of epidemic, we made an investigation of outbreaks of the epidemic in one week, that is from February 13–18, 2006, when the deadly virus surfaced in India. We have designed a statistical transmission model of bird flu taking into account the factors that affect the epidemic transmission such as source of infection, social and natural factors and various control measures are suggested. For modeling the general intensity coefficient f(r), we have implemented the recent ideas given in the article Fitting the Bill, Nature [R. Howlett, Fitting the bill, Nature 439 (2006) 402], which describes the geographical spread of epidemics due to transportation of poultry products. Our aim is to study the spread of avian influenza, both in time and space, to gain a better understanding of transmission mechanism. Our model yields satisfactory results as evidenced by the simulations and may be used for the prediction of future situations of epidemic for longer periods. We utilize real data at these various scales and our model allows one to generalize our predictions and make better suggestions for the control of this epidemic.  相似文献   

18.
本文研究了周期演化区域上一个禽流感模型.首先假设区域的增长为各向同性,将模型转换为固定区域上的反应扩散问题.然后利用相关的特征值问题和上下解方法得出模型解的渐近性态.研究结果表明,周期性区域的演化对疾病的传播与抑制取决于区域的周期演化速率ρ(t)的积分平均值ρ-2=1/T∫0T1/ρ2(t)dt.若ρ-2>1,则周期性区域的演化可抑制疾病的传播;若ρ-2<1,则周期性区域的演化可加速疾病的传播;若ρ-2=1,则周期性区域的演化对疾病的传播没有影响.  相似文献   

19.
In 2013, in mainland China, a novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus began to infect humans, followed by the annual outbreaks, and had aroused severe fatality in the infected humans. After introducing the statistical characteristics including the geographical distributions of the outbreaks, a SEV‐SIRS eco‐epidemiological model is established and analyzed. In this model, the factor of virus in environment is incorporated into the model as a class; the vaccine measure in poultry is taken into account in purpose of assessing its control effect in 2017 in China; the nonmonotonic contact function is adopted to characterize the psychosocial effect. The stability of disease‐free equilibrium point (DFE) is obtained by the threshold theory; the stability of the endemic equilibrium point is gotten by the Bendixson criterion based on the geometric approach. Sensitivity analyses of system parameters indicate that the measure of vaccination in poultry can play its role but only when the vaccine rate is more than 98% can the disease control effect be effectively exerted, and the virus in environment is an extremely sensitive factor in the disease transmission and the epidemic control.  相似文献   

20.
In this paper, we propose a nonlinear fractional order model in order to explain and understand the outbreaks of influenza A(H1N1). In the fractional model, the next state depends not only upon its current state but also upon all of its historical states. Thus, the fractional model is more general than the classical epidemic models. In order to deal with the fractional derivatives of the model, we rely on the Caputo operator and on the Grünwald–Letnikov method to numerically approximate the fractional derivatives. We conclude that the nonlinear fractional order epidemic model is well suited to provide numerical results that agree very well with real data of influenza A(H1N1) at the level population. In addition, the proposed model can provide useful information for the understanding, prediction, and control of the transmission of different epidemics worldwide. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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