一种守恒型间断跟踪法用于处理一维Euler方程组中的若干问题

1引言间断跟踪法(front-tracking)是数值求解双曲型守恒型方程(组)的一种重要的数值方法,其主要特点是把间断作为移动的内边界来处理,光滑区域中的数值解用计算光滑解有效的数值方法来求解,而间断的移动和间断两侧的数值解的修正要满足Rankine-Hugoniot条件．我们称这样的跟踪法为传统的间断跟踪法(见[3],[14])．本文的第二作者多年来研究设计了一种基于解的守恒性质的间断跟踪法(见[11],[12]),其最主要的特点是以解的守恒性作为跟踪的机制,而不是象传统的间断跟踪法那样利用     

一种守恒型间断跟踪法在一维单守恒律方程非凸流上的实现

本文的第二作者在近几年发展了一种守恒型的间断跟踪法，该跟踪法是以解的守恒性质作为跟踪的机制，而不是象传统的跟踪法利用Rankine-Hugoniot条件来进行跟踪．本文中主要研究将该算法推广至单个守恒律非凸流的情况．利用精确求解Riemann问题，我们很好地处理了非凸流Riemann解的激波和稀疏波的并存结构，既实现了对激波的跟踪，又成功地分辨出稀疏波．第四节的数值例子。显示了满意的数值结果．     

一种守恒型间断跟踪法中对任意多个间断的移动和相互作用的处理

对一种守恒型间断跟踪法设计了一种技巧来处理任意多个间断的移动和相互作用．由此技巧我们就可以建立一个“一般的强健的”间断跟踪法．由于采用了此技巧就会使得算法在某时刻在某网格上会存在非相容性并且会产生O(1)-强度的误差．但不管怎样,这些误差在后续的计算中会被算法的守恒性所消除．还给出了几个数值例子来显示这一技巧的有效性．     

解模守恒微分方程的显式平方守恒格式

对具有模守恒的微分方程，经典的显式Runge—Kutta方法和线性多步方法不能保微分方程的模守恒特性．我们利用李群算法和Cayley变换构造了高阶显式平方守恒格式，应用到模守恒的微分方程如Euler方程，Landau—Lifshitz方程，并且与相同阶的显式Runge—Kutta方法在保模守恒和精度方面进行了比较，数值结果表明用李群算法构造的新的显式平方守恒格式能保微分方程模守恒的特性且它和相应Runge—Kutta方法有相同的精度．     

多介质流体界面的守恒型跟踪法

本文中,我们对茅德康在【D.K.Mao,Towards front-tracking based on conservation in two space dimensionsⅡ,tracking discontinuities in capturing fashion,J.Comput.Phys.,226,(2007),pp 1550-1588】一文中所建立的守恒型跟踪法进行了改进,成功将算法运用到多介质流体界面的计算中.最后,我们使用改进后的算法计算了两个数值算例,验证了算法的有效性.     

非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律

利用直接方法研究了非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律,得到了关于非线性对流扩散方程的守恒律乘子性质的一个定理.利用这个定理,可以简化守恒律乘子的确定方程.随后通过对确定方程中的变量函数进行分析,发现在四种情况下乘子的确定方程是可解的.最后解出这些守恒律乘子,利用积分公式法分别得到了四种情况下对应于各个守恒律乘子的守恒律.     

守恒格式稳定性分析与耗散守恒格式

本文从守恒格式出发,建立分析稳定性和耗散性的启发性方法和Fourier分析方法,给出了耗散守恒格式的严格定义及三点耗散守恒格式的充要条件。应用本文的方法,重新分析了三点格式,得到如下结论:某些常系数耗散格式,在某些情况下,之所以会得到非物理解或发生非线性不稳定,是由于该格式在这些情况下,已经是零耗散的或是负耗散     

一个求解多维守恒律方程组的二阶显式有限元格式

１．引言 近年来,在非结构网格上求解双曲型守恒律的数值方法引起了较为广泛的关注,出现了有限体积方法［１］,间断 Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法 ［２］,流线扩散方法［３］,以及 ＮＮＤ格式 ［４］等．我们在［６,７］中提出了一种求解双曲型守恒律方程式的有限元方法,它是在一个求解对流扩散问题的有限元方法 ［５］的基础上发展起来的．它是一个显式有限元方法,因此计算量很小．在这个方法中,我们将任意维的问题归结为在单元棱边上的一维计算,引入了积分因子,因此在单元内部可以容纳边界层．这样,它特别适合于对流占优问题以及双曲…     

守恒型双曲型方程组的差分方法(Ⅱ)

本文是[1]的继续,将介绍守恒型双曲型方程组的各种其他差分方法,例如基于Riemann间断分解的 格式,Glimm格式和Chorin的随机选取法,人工粘性法,人工压缩法,特征型格式和质点法等。本文所采用的记号同[1]。 本文继续介绍下列守恒型双曲型方程组的差分方法     

双曲守恒律的几种新数值方法的比较研究

本文就一维线性双曲方程的光滑和间断两种初值问题的求解,对双曲守恒律的三种新数值方法,即,WENO方法、间断Galerkin方法和全局复合方法,进行了数值比较实验,在精度、计算速度等方面的比较上,对这三个方法有了一个较详细的了解,得到了一些有用的结论。     

Conservation laws for conformally invariant variational problems

We succeed in writing 2-dimensional conformally invariant non-linear elliptic PDE (harmonic map equation, prescribed mean curvature equations,..., etc.) in divergence form. These divergence-free quantities generalize to target manifolds without symmetries the well known conservation laws for weakly harmonic maps into homogeneous spaces. From this form we can recover, without the use of moving frame, all the classical regularity results known for 2-dimensional conformally invariant non-linear elliptic PDE (see [Hel]). It enables us also to establish new results. In particular we solve a conjecture by E. Heinz asserting that the solutions to the prescribed bounded mean curvature equation in arbitrary manifolds are continuous and we solve a conjecture by S. Hildebrandt [Hil1] claiming that critical points of continuously differentiable elliptic conformally invariant Lagrangian in two dimensions are continuous.     

Nonclassical interactions portrait in a macroscopic pedestrian flow model

In this paper we describe the main characteristics of the macroscopic model for pedestrian flows introduced in [R.M. Colombo, M.D. Rosini, Pedestrian flows and non-classical shocks, Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 28 (13) (2005) 1553-1567] and recently sperimentally verified in [D. Helbing, A. Johansson, H.Z. Al-Abideen, Dynamics of crowd disasters: An empirical study, Phys. Rev. E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics) 75 (4) (2007) 046109]. After a detailed study of all the possible wave interactions, we prove the existence of a weighted total variation that does not increase after any interaction. This is the main ingredient used in [R.M. Colombo, M.D. Rosini, Existence of nonclassical Cauchy problem modeling pedestrian flows, technical report, Brescia Department of Mathematics, 2008] to tackle the Cauchy problem through wave front tracking, see [A. Bressan, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws. The One-Dimensional Cauchy Problem, Oxford Lecture Ser. Math. Appl., vol. 20, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2000, The one-dimensional Cauchy problem; A. Bressan, The front tracking method for systems of conservation laws, in: C.M. Dafermos, E. Feireisl (Eds.), Handbook of Differential Equations; Evolutionary Equations, vol. 1, Elsevier, 2004, pp. 87-168; R.M. Colombo, Wave front tracking in systems of conservation laws, Appl. Math. 49 (6) (2004) 501-537]. From the mathematical point of view, this model is one of the few examples of conservation laws in which nonclassical solutions have a physical motivation, see [P.G. Lefloch, Hyperbolic Systems of Conservation Laws, Lectures Math. ETH Zürich, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2002, The theory of classical and nonclassical shock waves], and an existence result is available.     

Conservation laws for linear viscoelasticity

In the brief note entitled On Conservation Laws for Dissipative Systems [4], a new method for constructing conservation laws was proposed. This method was termed the Neutral Action (NA) method in [5]. For any system governed by a set of differential equations, the NA method offers a systematic approach for determination of conservation laws applicable to the system. It is the purpose of the present paper to establish conservation laws for one- and two-dimensional viscoelasticy (Voigt model) via the NA method. The conservation laws derived should prove useful in studies of fracture and defects in a viscoelastic material.     

Conservation laws for one-layer shallow water wave systems

The problem of correspondence between symmetries and conservation laws for one-layer shallow water wave systems in the plane flow, axisymmetric flow and dispersive waves is investigated from the composite variational principle of view in the development of the study [N.H. Ibragimov, A new conservation theorem, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 333(1) (2007) 311–328]. This method is devoted to construction of conservation laws of non-Lagrangian systems. Composite principle means that in addition to original variables of a given system, one should introduce a set of adjoint variables in order to obtain a system of Euler–Lagrange equations for some variational functional. After studying Lie point and Lie–Bäcklund symmetries, we obtain new local and nonlocal conservation laws. Nonlocal conservation laws comprise nonlocal variables defined by the adjoint equations to shallow water wave systems. In particular, we obtain infinite local conservation laws and potential symmetries for the plane flow case.     

Optimal control of linear stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces and uniform observability

In this paper we study the existence of the optimal (minimizing) control for a tracking problem, as well as a quadratic cost problem subject to linear stochastic evolution equations with unbounded coefficients in the drift. The backward differential Riccati equation (BDRE) associated with these problems (see [2], for finite dimensional stochastic equations or [21], for infinite dimensional equations with bounded coefficients) is in general different from the conventional BDRE (see [10], [18]). Under stabilizability and uniform observability conditions and assuming that the control weight-costs are uniformly positive, we establish that BDRE has a unique, uniformly positive, bounded on ℝ ₊ and stabilizing solution. Using this result we find the optimal control and the optimal cost. It is known [18] that uniform observability does not imply detectability and consequently our results are different from those obtained under detectability conditions (see [10]).      

A feasible SQP method for nonlinear programming

In this paper, a new SQP algorithm is presented to solve the general nonlinear programs with mixed equality and inequality constraints. Quoted from P. Spellucci (see [9]), this method maybe be named sequential equality constrained quadratic programming (SECQP) algorithm. Per single iteration, based on an active set strategy ( see [9]), this SECQP algorithm requires only to solve equality constrained quadratic programming subproblems or system of linear equations. The theoretical analysis shows that global and superlinear convergence can be induced under some suitable conditions.     

On Moving Frames and Noether’s Conservation Laws

Noether’s Theorem yields conservation laws for a Lagrangian with a variational symmetry group. The explicit formulae for the laws are well known and the symmetry group is known to act on the linear space generated by the conservation laws. The aim of this paper is to explain the mathematical structure of both the Euler‐Lagrange system and the set of conservation laws, in terms of the differential invariants of the group action and a moving frame. For the examples, we demonstrate, knowledge of this structure allows the Euler‐Lagrange equations to be integrated with relative ease. Our methods take advantage of recent advances in the theory of moving frames by Fels and Olver, and in the symbolic invariant calculus by Hubert. The results here generalize those appearing in Kogan and Olver [ 1 ] and in Mansfield [ 2 ]. In particular, we show results for high‐dimensional problems and classify those for the three inequivalent SL(2) actions in the plane.     

Partition of Waves in a System of Conservation Laws

The aim of this paper is to give a simple proof of the classical Liu estimate on the decay of positive waves in a solution of a n×n system of conservation laws. In the first part, we transcribe the wave partition technique introduced in Comm. Math. Phys. 57 (1977), 135–148 (by means of the Glimm scheme) to the case of approximate solutions constructed by the wave front tracking scheme. Then, we use a decoupling argument on the characteristic speeds to establish the desired estimate.     

NSGA-II算法在农业水保措施配置优化中的应用

农业水保措施的配置要考虑其生态效益和经济效益.不同水保措施组合方案有其相应的生态和经济效益,如何配置使综合效益最佳是一个最优化问题.分析了农业水保措施配置最优化需要考虑的两个目标,并将其公式化,建立了水保措施配置优化模型,并应用NSGA-II多目标遗传算法求解该模型.最后,以甘肃天水市罗玉沟流域的水保措施配置为例,进行了初步应用.结果表明,采用NSGA-II算法在水保措施配置优化模型求解时,计算效率较高,优化结果稳定,具有一定的应用价值.     

Conservation laws for the Black–Scholes equation

In the search for solutions to the important partial differential equation due to Black, Scholes and Merton potential symmetries are very useful as new solutions of the equation can be obtained as a result. These potential symmetries require that the equation be written in conserved form, ie. we need to determine conservation laws for the equation. We calculate the conservation laws utilizing the point symmetries of the equation following the method of Kara and Mahomed [A.H. Kara, F.M. Mahomed, The relationship between symmetries and conservation laws, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 39 (2000) 23–40].