关于M/M/1系统方程的瞬态解

经典的M/M/1随机服务系统的排队方程是{G_0~＇(t)=-λG_0(t)+μG_1(t),G_k~＇(t)=λG_(k-1)(t)-(λ+μ)G_k(t)+μG_(k+1)(t),k=1,2,…,其中G_k(t)表示在时刻t系统内恰有k个顾客的概率.在一般初始条件下方程(1)的解已由Clarke用母函数方法求出:G_k(t)=e~(-(λ+μ)t)[(λ/μ)~(k/2)I_k(2t(λμ~(1/2))+(λ/μ)~((k-1)/2)I_(k+1)(2t(λμ~(1/2))     

考点15 向量的概念及运算

1.(北京卷,3)若a=1,b=2,c=a+b,且c⊥a则向量a与b的夹角为().(A)30°(B)60°(C)120°(D)150°2.(山东卷,7)已知向量a、b,且AB=a+2b,BC=-5a+6b,CD=7a-2b,则一定共线的三点是().(A)A、B、D(B)A、B、C(C)B、C、D(D)A、C、D3.(全国卷,8)已知点A(3,1),B(0,0),C(3,0).设∠BAC的平分线AE与BC相交于E,那么有BC=λCE,其中λ等于().(A)2(B)21(C)-3(D)-314.(辽宁卷,9)若直线2x-y+c=0按向量a=(1,-1)平移后与圆x2+y2=5相切,则c的值为().(A)8或-2(B)6或-4(C)4或-6(D)2或-85.(全国卷,10)点P在平面上作匀速直线运动,速度向量v=(4,-3)(即…     

数学问题解答

2013年8月号问题解答 (解答由问题提供人给出) 2136已知a,b,c是满足abc=1的正数,求证:(λa+1)/(b+c)+(λb+1)/(c+a)+(λc+1)/(a+b)≥3(λ+1)/2(λ≥3) (江西南昌大学附中宋庆330047) 证明 a3+b3+c3+3abc≥a2(b+c) +b2 (c+a)+c2(a+b)(参见本刊1994年10月号问题918的解答)与以下不等式等价.     

三角形边角性质的一个推广公式与应用

大家知道,在三角形中有“等角对等边”,“大角对大边”的性质,而“大角对大边”只反映了大角、小角所对边的大小关系,而没有反映出具体的数量关系.本文将讨论边角性质的一个数量关系式,并给出其相关的应用实例.定理在△ABC中,角A,B,C所对应的边分别是a,b,c,若A=λC(λ为正实数),则a2=c2+bc·sin(λ-1)CsinC.证由正弦定理将待证等式转化为sin2A=sin2C+sinB·sin(λ-1)C.∵A=λC,∴B=π-(λ+1)C.∴sin2C+sinB·sin(λ-1)C=sin2C+sin(λ+1)C·sin(λ-1)C=12(1-cos2C)-12(cos2λC-cos2C)=12(1-cos2λC)=sin2λC=sin2A,即a2=c2+bc·s…     

用“化成等差数列法”求自然数列方幂和

定理 如果Sn=1^m+2^m+3^m+…+n^m(m∈N）,那么存在g(n)=λ1n^(m+1)+λ2n^m+λ3n^(m-1)+…+λmn^2和常数k,使数列{Sn-g(n)}成为公差为k的等差数列,其中λi(i=1,2,…,m)和k由下述方程组给出：     

考点17 解斜三角形

1.(江苏卷,5)△ABC中,A=π3,BC=3,则△ABC的周长为().(A)43sin(B+3π)+3(B)43sin(B+6π)+3(C)6sin(B+3π)+3(D)6sin(B+6π)+32.(辽宁卷,8)若钝角三角形三内角的度数成等差数列,且最大边长与最小边长的比值为m,则m的范围是().(A)(1,2)(B)(2,+∞)(C)[3,+∞)(D)(3,+∞)3.(上海卷,9)在△ABC中,若∠A=120°,AB=5,BC=7,则△ABC的面积S=.4.(湖南卷,13)已知直线ax+by+c=0与圆O:x2+y2=1相交于A、B两点,且AB=3,则OA·OB=.5.(天津卷,17)在△ABC中,∠A、∠B、∠C所对的边长分别为a、b、c.设a、b、c满足条件b2+c2-bc=a2和cb=21+3,求…     

一类重特征方程Goursat问题解的存在性中的离散现象

本文讨论下述Goursat问题■在原点的邻域中解析解的存在性(其中a,b,c为常数).结果如下:(i)若b≠1,3,5,…,则对任何解析函数ψ(x),问题(G_(a,b,c))恒有解析解;(ii)若b=2j+1(j≥0为整数),则问题(G_(a,b,c))有解析解的充要条件为 λφ~((j))(0)+φ~((j+2))(0)=0,若λ≠0, φ~((j+2l))(0)=0,l=1,2,…,若λ=0,其中λ=c-a~2/4,φ(x)=ψ(x)exp(ax/2). 在(i),(ii)两种情形中,均具体给出了解的形式.     

线性模型中均值向量的LSE和BLUE的偏差估计

对于线性模型 Y=Xβ+e,E(e)=0,cov(e)=σ~2∑,∑≥0μ=Xβ的LSE和BLUE分别为■=X(X′X)-X′Y和μ~*=X(X′T-X)-X′T-Y,其中T=∑+XUX′,U是对称阵且使Rank(T)=Rank(∑X)和T≥0,本文证明了‖■-μ~*‖_2≤(λ_r-λ_ζ)/(2(λ+λ_k)~(1/2))‖Y-■‖_2这里λ_4=ch_4(T),i=1,2,…,n,λ_1≥…≥λ_n≥0。k=Rank(X),‖a‖_2=(a′a)~(1/2),并且给出了‖cov(■)-cov(μ~*)‖_s‖PT~2P-(PTP)~2‖_s和‖(cov+(μ~*))~(1/2)cov(■)(cov+(μ~*))~(1/2)‖s的上界,这里‖A‖_s=(tr(A′A)~(3/2))~(■),s≥1。     

具有可选服务的M/M/1排队模型的进一步研究

研究具有可选服务的M/M/1排队模型的主算子在左半实轴上的点谱.当顾客的到达率λ,必选服务的服务率μ_1与可选服务的服务率μ_2满足λ/μ_1+λ/μ_21时,证明区间(η,-λ)中的所有点都是该主算子的几何重数为1的特征值,其中η=max{-μ_1,-μ_2,-4/3λ,-2λμ_2/(μ_1+μ_2)-λ,-μ_1μ_2(μ_1μ_2-λμ_1-λμ_2)+λ~3μ_1(1-λ)/[μ_1~2(μ_2-λ)+μ_1μ_2(μ_1-λ)](1-γ)+λ~2μ_1-λ}r表示顾客选择可选服务的概率.     

求解大规模带二次简单约束的二次规划的显式自调比投影收缩算法

1　引　　言我们来考虑如下的带二次简单约束的二次规划问题12 x TH x +c Tx =mins.t.,‖ x‖ 2 ≤ a (1)其中 H∈ Rn× n是一个半正定对称矩阵 ,c∈ Rn,这里 a是一个确定的参数 .求解问题 (1)的最基本的方法是构造 L agrange函数 :L (x,λ) =x TH x +2 c Tx +λ(x Tx - a2 ) (2 )当约束起作用时 ,由 x L (x,λ) =0 ,　　 λL (x,λ) =0 ,得H x +c+λx =0‖ x‖ =a (3)即(H +λI) x +c =0‖ x‖ =a从而有‖ (H +λI) - 1 c‖ =a令φ(λ) =‖ (H +λI) - 1 c‖ ,　　 S(λ) =(H +λI) - 1 c则φ2 (λ) =STS =c T(H +λI) - 2 c=…     

Estimates of stability of characterization of additive types of distributions

An estimate of stability of characterization of distribution types is obtained for the case of additive types. Under some conditions, the estimate has the order ε^1/3L(ε), where L(ε) is a slowly varying function. Proceedings of the Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, Moscow, Russia, 1996, Part I.     

Study of the blow-up of solutions of systems of equations of hydrodynamic type

Mathematical Notes - We study the initial boundary-value problem for three-dimensional systems of equations of pseudoparabolic type. The system is similar to the Oskolkov system, but differs from...     

一类完全正则半群簇子簇格的性质

本文研究了完全正则半群簇的子簇格［Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ，Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ］的某些格运算性质，我们证明了簇Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ可分解为Ｖ与Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ的并；对任意完全正则半群簇Ｗ，有Ｗ∩（Ｖ∨Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ）＝（Ｗ∩Ｖ）∨（Ｗ∩Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ）．特别地，我们得到了等式Ｖ＋∩ＰＶ＝Ｖ成立的若干条件．     

Characterization of types of asymptotic discernibility of families of hypotheses

We give a characterization of the types of asymptotic discernibility of families of hypotheses in the case of hypothetical measures that are not, in general, mutually absolutely continuous. The case when the logarithm of the likelihood ratio admits an asymptotic expansion of the type of an expansion with local asymptotic normality is examined in detail. Examples are studied.Translated fromTeoriya Sluchainykh Protsessov, Vol. 15, pp. 64–71, 1987.     

Distribution of types of symmetry of tensors of high degree

The asymptotic distribution of tensors of degree N in symmetry types is studied in this paper.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 155, pp. 181–186, 1986.     

Birational aspects of the geometry of Varieties of Sums of Powers

Varieties of Sums of Powers describe the additive decompositions of a homogeneous polynomial into powers of linear forms. The study of these varieties dates back to Sylvester and Hilbert, but only few of them, for special degrees and number of variables, are concretely identified. In this paper we aim to understand a general birational behavior of VSP. To do this we birationally embed these varieties into Grassmannians and prove the rational connectedness of many VSP in arbitrary degrees and number of variables.     

Estimate of growth of Lebesgue functions of linear methods of summation

Sufficient conditions are obtained in terms of matrix elements for the boundedness of Lebesgue functions of linear methods of summation of expansions in orthogonal systems of polynomial type.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 277–286, September, 1969.