Fredholmness of Toeplitz operators on generalized Hardy spaces over the polydisc

Let A be a bounded linear operator and P a bounded linear projection on a Banach space X. We show that the operator semigroup \({(e^{t(A-kP)})_{t \ge 0}}\) converges to a semigroup on a subspace of X as \({k \to \infty}\) and we compute the limit semigroup.     

Demicompactness Results for Strongly Continuous Semigroups,Generators and Resolvents

Let \((U(t))_ {t\ge 0}\) be a strongly continuous semigroup of bounded linear operators on a Banach space X and B be a bounded operator on X. In this paper, we develop some aspects of the theory of semigroup for which U(t)B (respectively, BU(t), BU(t)B) is demicompact for some (respectively, every) \(t>0\). In addition, we study the demicompactness of similar, subspace and product semigroups. We also investigate the demicompactness of the resolvent. We close this paper by giving some conditions guaranteeing the demicompactness of a generator of a strongly continuous semigroup in a Hilbert space.     

On a Class of Weakly Coupled Systems of Elliptic Operators with Unbounded Coefficients

We consider a class of weakly coupled systems of elliptic operators \({\mathcal{A}}\) with unbounded coefficients defined in \({\mathbb{R}^N}\). We prove that a semigroup (T(t))t ≥ 0 of bounded linear operators can be associated with \({\mathcal{A}}\), in a natural way, in the space of all bounded and continuous functions. We prove a compactness property of the semigroup as well as some uniform estimates on the derivatives of the function T(t)f, when f belongs to some spaces of Hölder continuous functions, which are the key tools to prove some optimal Schauder estimates for the solution to some nonhomogeneous elliptic equations and Cauchy problems associated with the operator \({\mathcal{A}}\). Under suitable additional conditions, we then prove that the restriction of the semigroup to the subspace of smooth and compactly supported functions extends by a strongly continuous semigroup to L ^p -spaces over \({\mathbb{R}^N}\), related to the Lebesgue measure, when \({p \in [1,\infty)}\). We also provide sufficient conditions for this semigroup to be analytic when \({p \in [1,\infty)}\). Finally, we prove some L ^p ?L ^q -estimates.     

On uniform Lebesgue constants of local exponential splines with equidistant knots

For a linear differential operator L _r of arbitrary order r with constant coefficients and real pairwise different roots of the characteristic polynomial, we study Lebesgue constants (the norms of linear operators from C to C) of local exponential splines corresponding to this operator with a uniform arrangement of knots; such splines were constructed by the authors in earlier papers. In particular, for the third-order operator L ₃ = D(D ² ? β ²) (β > 0), we find the exact values of Lebesgue constants for two types of local splines and compare these values with Lebesgue constants of exponential interpolation splines.     

Heat Kernels for Isotropic-Like Markov Generators on Ultrametric Spaces: a Survey

Let (X, d) be a locally compact separable ultrametric space. Let D be the set of all locally constant functions having compact support. Given a measure m and a symmetric function J(x, y) we consider the linear operator L^Jf(x) = ∫(f(x) ? f(y)) J(x, y)dm(y) defined on the set D. When J(x, y) is isotropic and satisfies certain conditions, the operator (?L^J, D) acts in L²(X,m), is essentially self-adjoint and extends as a self-adjoint Markov generator, its Markov semigroup admits a continuous heat kernel p^J (t, x, y). When J(x, y) is not isotropic but uniformly in x, y is comparable to isotropic function J(x, y) as above the operator (?L^J, D) extends in L²(X,m) as a self-adjointMarkov generator, its Markov semigroup admits a continuous heat kernel p^J(t, x, y), and the function p^J(t, x, y) is uniformly comparable in t, x, y to the function p^J(t, x, y), the heat kernel related to the operator (?L^J,D).     

Positive semigroups and algebraic Riccati equations in Banach spaces

We generalize Wonham’s theorem on solvability of algebraic operator Riccati equations to Banach spaces, namely there is a unique stabilizing solution to \(A^*P+PA-PBB^*P+C^*C=0\) when (A, B) is exponentially stabilizable and (C, A) is exponentially detectable. The proof is based on a new approach that treats the linear part of the equation as the generator of a positive semigroup on the space of symmetric operators from a Banach space to its dual, and the quadratic part as an order concave map. A direct analog of global Newton’s iteration for concave functions is then used to approximate the solution, the approximations converge in the strong operator topology, and the convergence is monotone. The linearized equations are the well-known Lyapunov equations of the form \(A^*P+PA=-Q\), and semigroup stability criterion in terms of them is also generalized.     

Module operator virtual diagonals on the Fourier algebra of an inverse semigroup

For an amenable inverse semigroup S with the set of idempotents E and a minimal idempotent, we explicitly construct a contractive and positive module operator virtual diagonal on the Fourier algebra A(S), as a completely contractive Banach algebra and operator module over \(\ell ^1(E)\). This generalizes a well known result of Zhong-Jin Ruan on operator amenability of the Fourier algebra of a (discrete) group Ruan (Am J Math 117:1449–1474, 1995).     

Riesz Transforms Associated with Higher-Order Schrödinger Type Operators

Let L = L ₀ + V be a Schrödinger type operator, where L ₀ is a higher order elliptic operator with bounded complex coefficients in divergence form and V is a signed measurable function. Under the strongly subcritical assumption on V, we study the L ^q boundedness of Riesz transform ? ^m L ^?1/2 for q ≤ 2 based on the off-diagonal estimates of semigroup e ^{?t L} . Furthermore, the authors impose extra regularity assumptions on V to obtain the L ^q boundedness of Riesz transform ? ^m L ^?1/2 for some q > 2. In particular, these results are applied to the more interesting Schrödinger operators L = P(D) + V, where P(D) is any homogeneous positive elliptic operator with constant coefficients.     

On algebras of <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>-Ehresmann semigroups and their associate partial semigroups

P-Ehresmann semigroups are introduced by Jones as a common generalization of Ehresmann semigroups and regular \(*\)-semigroups. Ehresmann semigroups and their semigroup algebras are investigated by many authors in literature. In particular, Stein shows that under some finiteness condition, the semigroup algebra of an Ehresmann semigroup with a left (or right) restriction condition is isomorphic to the category algebra of the corresponding Ehresmann category. In this paper, we generalize this result to P-Ehresmann semigroups. More precisely, we show that for a left (or right) P-restriction locally Ehresmann P-Ehresmann semigroup \(\mathbf{S}\), if its projection set is principally finite, then we can give an algebra isomorphism between the semigroup algebra of \(\mathbf{S}\) and the partial semigroup algebra of the associate partial semigroup of \(\mathbf{S}\). Some interpretations and necessary examples are also provided to show why the above isomorphism dose not work for more general P-Ehresmann semigroups.     

Intrinsic Ultracontractivity for Schrödinger Operators Based on Fractional Laplacians

We study the Feynman-Kac semigroup generated by the Schrödinger operator based on the fractional Laplacian ??(???Δ)^α/2???q in R ^d , for q?≥?0, α?∈?(0,2). We obtain sharp estimates of the first eigenfunction φ ₁ of the Schrödinger operator and conditions equivalent to intrinsic ultracontractivity of the Feynman-Kac semigroup. For potentials q such that lim_{|x| →?∞?} q(x)?=?∞ and comparable on unit balls we obtain that φ ₁(x) is comparable to (|x|?+?1)^???d???α (q(x)?+?1)^???1 and intrinsic ultracontractivity holds iff lim_{|x| →?∞?} q(x)/log|x|?=?∞. Proofs are based on uniform estimates of q-harmonic functions.     

Error estimates for a projection-difference method for a linear differential-operator equation

We study a projection-difference method for approximately solving the Cauchy problem u′(t) + A(t)u(t) + K(t)u(t) = h(t), u(0) = 0 for a linear differential-operator equation in a Hilbert space, where A(t) is a self-adjoint operator and K(t) is an operator subordinate to A(t). Time discretization is based on a three-level difference scheme, and space discretization is carried out by the Galerkin method. Under certain smoothness conditions on the function h(t), we obtain estimates for the convergence rate of the approximate solutions to the exact solution.     

Packing,counting and covering Hamilton cycles in random directed graphs

In this paper we study the chaotic behavior of the heat semigroup generated by the Dunkl-Laplacian on weighted L ^p spaces. In the case of the heat semigroup associated to the standard Laplacian we obtain a complete picture on the spaces L ^p (R ⁿ , (φ _iρ (x))² dx) where φ _iρ is the Euclidean spherical function. The behavior is very similar to the case of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on non-compact Riemannian symmetric spaces studied by Pramanik and Sarkar.     

Conjugate variables in analytic number theory. Phase space and Lagrangian manifolds

For an arithmetic semigroup (G, ?), we define entropy as a function on a naturally defined continuous semigroup ? containing G. The construction is based on conditional maximization, which permits us to introduce the conjugate variables and the Lagrangian manifold corresponding to the semigroup (G, ?).     

Form preservation under approximation by local exponential splines of an arbitrary order

We continue the study of the properties of local L-splines with uniform knots (such splines were constructed in the authors’ earlier papers) corresponding to a linear differential operator L of order r with constant coefficients and real pairwise different roots of the characteristic polynomial. Sufficient conditions (which are also necessary) are established under which an L-spline locally inherits the property of the generalized k-monotonicity (k ≤ r ? 1) of the input data, which are the values of the approximated function at the nodes of a uniform grid shifted with respect to the grid of knots of the L-spline. The parameters of an L-spline that is exact on the kernel of the operator L are written explicitly.     

Finite derivation type for large ideals

In this paper we give a partial answer to the following question: does a large subsemigroup of a semigroup S with the finite combinatorial property finite derivation type (FDT) also have the same property? A positive answer is given for large ideals. As a consequence of this statement we prove that, given a finitely presented Rees matrix semigroup M[S;I,J;P], the semigroup S has FDT if and only if so does M[S;I,J;P].     

On integrable with a weight solutions of a class of almost hypoelliptic equations

We prove that the solutions (from the weighted space L_2,δ) of almost hypoelliptic equations belong to the Gevrey classes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-Algebras Generated by Mappings. Criterion of Irreducibility

We study the operator algebra associated with a self-mapping ? on a countable set X which can be represented as a directed graph. The algebra is generated by the family of partial isometries acting on the corresponding l²(X). We study the structure of involutive semigroup multiplicatively generated by the family of partial isometries. We formulate the criterion when the algebra is irreducible on the Hilbert space. We consider the concrete examples of operator algebras. In particular, we give the examples of nonisomorphic C*-algebras, which are the extensions by compact operators of the algebra of continuous functions on the unit circle.     

Free <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Tuple Semigroups

The present paper is devoted to the study of n-tuple semigroups. A free n-tuple semigroup of arbitrary rank is constructed and, as a consequence, singly generated free n-tuple semigroups are characterized. Moreover, examples of n-tuple semigroups are presented, the independence of the n-tuple semigroup axioms is proved, and it is shown that the natural semigroups of the constructed free n-tuple semigroup are isomorphic and the automorphism group of this n-tuple semigroup is isomorphic to a symmetric group.     

Traces of Higher Negative Orders for a String with a Singular Weight

We study the linear operator pencil A(λ) = L?λV, λ ∈ ?, where L is the Sturm–Liouville operator with potential q(x) and V is the operator of multiplication by the weight ρ(x). The potential and the weight are assumed to belong to the space W ₂ ^?1 [0, π]. For the pencil A(λ), we seek formulas for the traces of higher negative orders, i.e., for the sums \(\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {\lambda _n^{ - p}} \), p ≥ 2, where λ_n, n ∈ ?, is the sequence of eigenvalues of the pencil numbered in nondescending order of absolute values. Trace formulas in terms of the weight ρ(x) and the integral kernel of the operator L^?1 are obtained, and the relationship between these formulas and the classical results about traces of integral operators is described. The theoretical results are illustrated by examples.     

The characterization of a class of quantum Markov semigroups and the associated operator-valued Dirichlet forms based on Hilbert <Emphasis Type="Italic">C</Emphasis>*-module <Emphasis Type="Italic">l</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>)

We characterize A-linear symmetric and contraction module operator semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A)),where A is a finite-dimensional C-algebra,and L(l2(A))is the C-algebra of all adjointable module maps on l2(A).Next,we introduce the concept of operator-valued quadratic forms,and give a one to one correspondence between the set of non-positive definite self-adjoint regular module operators on l2(A)and the set of non-negative densely defined A-valued quadratic forms.In the end,we obtain that a real and strongly continuous symmetric semigroup{Tt}t∈R+L(l2(A))being Markovian if and only if the associated closed densely defined A-valued quadratic form is a Dirichlet form.